水电厂参与市场竞价问题研究
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摘要
随着我国电力市场体制改革的推进,水电将逐步走向市场成为竞争主体。由于自身的特性,水电厂在参与市场竞争的过程中,必然有诸多不同于火电厂的考虑。在电力市场中,水电站需要统筹安排调度期内各时段的用水量,并最终将这些信息转换为电站的报价策略,从而使水电站获得最大的经济效益。
国内外关于电力市场下火电厂竟价上网优化运行的研究较多,而针对水电厂的研究较少。本文在分析了国内外电力市场理论研究现状的基础上,围绕水电厂报价方法和策略性竞价等主要问题展开研究,并取得了一些有价值的理论成果。
首先,针对水电厂自身特性,研究了电力市场下日前市场中水电厂参与市场竞争的分容量段报价方法。建立定水头电站和变水头电站日前市场报价模型,构造增广矩阵,通过数学解析定水头电站水量平衡方程的耦合系数,为分析电价与用水量的关系提供了一种理论分析手段,为各时段的申报容量段与电价段之间建立了优化关系,进而实现以自优化用水计划为基准的容量段报价方法,隐含的考虑了电价的不确定性问题。而后针对水电站耗水微增率不可获取致使耦合系数无法解析的问题,给出了实现容量段报价的方法。从而,实现了水电站的分容量段报价方法,为水电厂完成有限水量在时段上的优化分配和各时段容量段报价实现自身发电效益最大化提供了完整的解决方案,相比单一容量投标的形式,能更好的满足水电厂用水限制,保证实现利润最大化。
其次,研究了水电厂商作为Price-maker型“理性人”的策略性竞价问题。采用Cournot模型求解水电厂单时段均衡解,进而讨论均衡解关于用水边界的偏移问题和边界约束可置信问题,进而提出了考虑时段间用水相关性的整个用水调度期的策略性竞价方案,为水电厂商的竞价上网提供决策支持。最后,应用演进式博弈理论采用马尔萨斯动力系统微分方程探讨水电厂商在长期竞价过程中的动态均衡问题,试图从动态视角分析发电厂商的报价行为。
最后,结合物理合同和金融合同两种方式,建立水电厂商考虑合同分解电量的容量段报价和策略性竞价模型。研究了水电厂商以保证合同分解电量为前提,根据负荷预测、机组竞价上网情况、机组性能等约束条件,优化制定日用水计划,并通过市场竞价实现利润最大化的问题。结合算例,分析了不同合同方式下的合同分解电量对于容量段报价方法和策略性报价的影响。
文末提出了开展水电竞价上网工作需要继续努力的方面。
Along with electricity market reform advancement in China, the hydropower plants will gradually head for the market gradually and become competitive utility. Because of its characteristics, there must be a lot difference from the thermal power plants in consideration of participating in market competition for the hydropower plants. In the electricity market, the hydropower plants need to coordinate water usage during the periods of scheduling and eventually transform the information into the bidding strategy, thereby maximizing their economic benefit.
Up to now, there are a lot of researches on the electricity market. However, the theoretical and practical validation of the researches was primarily based on thermal systems, and cannot be simply extrapolated to hydrothermal systems. Based on the analysis of present situation with regard to the theoretical research on electricity market, this paper is to develop some methodologies and tools centered on primary issues of bidding strategy and strategic bidding for hydropower plant, and conclude some valuable theoretical results.
First of all, in consideration of its own characteristic the maximal benefit realization problem is carried out for hydropower plant's piecewise bidding with several bid price/quantity bands when participating in day-ahead market. Then The bidding models for constant water head and variable head hydropower plant are established and augmented matrix is developed, then the coupling coefficient of water balance equation is also mathematical analyzed, which provides a theoretical means of analyzing relation between bidding price and released water and builds an optimal relationship between the bidding quantity and price, to solve the piecewise bidding problem based on self-scheduling implicitly tackling the price uncertainty. The case of unavailable incremental water consumed is also discussed. Therefore, a complete solution for hydropower plant is presented, which has shown better performance of satisfying the hydropower plant water restrictions and ensuring the realization of profit maximization compared with the single bidding.
Secondly, strategic bidding issues of hydropower plant as price-maker "rational" is studied. And Cournot model is used for solving one-stage equilibrium problem. Equilibrium migration and credibility threat is also discussed. Thereby the strategic bidding solution for the entire period considering temporal correlation is obtained to provide decision support for hydropower plant. Evolutionary game theory is introduced to study the Equilibrium problem for the long-term bidding process, trying to analysis the generation companies bidding behavior from dynamic perspective.
Finally, combined with the physical contract and the finance contract, bidding models for piecewise bidding strategy and strategic bidding are established. Considering the contract, generation scheduling must be arranged to maximize benefit according to the relevant transaction scheduling and the status of bidding units on the premise of contract quantity decomposed. The different realization approaches are used to realize the optimal problem of different contracts and different bidding methods. Based on theoretical analysis of optimization condition, the piecewise bidding solution is got. Relaxing the contract quantity restraint to get the initial optimal solution and adjust to the satisfied solution. Influence of different contract on different bidding manner is discussed at last.
At the end of paper, the possible problems and directions for further research are pointed out.
国内外关于电力市场下火电厂竟价上网优化运行的研究较多,而针对水电厂的研究较少。本文在分析了国内外电力市场理论研究现状的基础上,围绕水电厂报价方法和策略性竞价等主要问题展开研究,并取得了一些有价值的理论成果。
首先,针对水电厂自身特性,研究了电力市场下日前市场中水电厂参与市场竞争的分容量段报价方法。建立定水头电站和变水头电站日前市场报价模型,构造增广矩阵,通过数学解析定水头电站水量平衡方程的耦合系数,为分析电价与用水量的关系提供了一种理论分析手段,为各时段的申报容量段与电价段之间建立了优化关系,进而实现以自优化用水计划为基准的容量段报价方法,隐含的考虑了电价的不确定性问题。而后针对水电站耗水微增率不可获取致使耦合系数无法解析的问题,给出了实现容量段报价的方法。从而,实现了水电站的分容量段报价方法,为水电厂完成有限水量在时段上的优化分配和各时段容量段报价实现自身发电效益最大化提供了完整的解决方案,相比单一容量投标的形式,能更好的满足水电厂用水限制,保证实现利润最大化。
其次,研究了水电厂商作为Price-maker型“理性人”的策略性竞价问题。采用Cournot模型求解水电厂单时段均衡解,进而讨论均衡解关于用水边界的偏移问题和边界约束可置信问题,进而提出了考虑时段间用水相关性的整个用水调度期的策略性竞价方案,为水电厂商的竞价上网提供决策支持。最后,应用演进式博弈理论采用马尔萨斯动力系统微分方程探讨水电厂商在长期竞价过程中的动态均衡问题,试图从动态视角分析发电厂商的报价行为。
最后,结合物理合同和金融合同两种方式,建立水电厂商考虑合同分解电量的容量段报价和策略性竞价模型。研究了水电厂商以保证合同分解电量为前提,根据负荷预测、机组竞价上网情况、机组性能等约束条件,优化制定日用水计划,并通过市场竞价实现利润最大化的问题。结合算例,分析了不同合同方式下的合同分解电量对于容量段报价方法和策略性报价的影响。
文末提出了开展水电竞价上网工作需要继续努力的方面。
Along with electricity market reform advancement in China, the hydropower plants will gradually head for the market gradually and become competitive utility. Because of its characteristics, there must be a lot difference from the thermal power plants in consideration of participating in market competition for the hydropower plants. In the electricity market, the hydropower plants need to coordinate water usage during the periods of scheduling and eventually transform the information into the bidding strategy, thereby maximizing their economic benefit.
Up to now, there are a lot of researches on the electricity market. However, the theoretical and practical validation of the researches was primarily based on thermal systems, and cannot be simply extrapolated to hydrothermal systems. Based on the analysis of present situation with regard to the theoretical research on electricity market, this paper is to develop some methodologies and tools centered on primary issues of bidding strategy and strategic bidding for hydropower plant, and conclude some valuable theoretical results.
First of all, in consideration of its own characteristic the maximal benefit realization problem is carried out for hydropower plant's piecewise bidding with several bid price/quantity bands when participating in day-ahead market. Then The bidding models for constant water head and variable head hydropower plant are established and augmented matrix is developed, then the coupling coefficient of water balance equation is also mathematical analyzed, which provides a theoretical means of analyzing relation between bidding price and released water and builds an optimal relationship between the bidding quantity and price, to solve the piecewise bidding problem based on self-scheduling implicitly tackling the price uncertainty. The case of unavailable incremental water consumed is also discussed. Therefore, a complete solution for hydropower plant is presented, which has shown better performance of satisfying the hydropower plant water restrictions and ensuring the realization of profit maximization compared with the single bidding.
Secondly, strategic bidding issues of hydropower plant as price-maker "rational" is studied. And Cournot model is used for solving one-stage equilibrium problem. Equilibrium migration and credibility threat is also discussed. Thereby the strategic bidding solution for the entire period considering temporal correlation is obtained to provide decision support for hydropower plant. Evolutionary game theory is introduced to study the Equilibrium problem for the long-term bidding process, trying to analysis the generation companies bidding behavior from dynamic perspective.
Finally, combined with the physical contract and the finance contract, bidding models for piecewise bidding strategy and strategic bidding are established. Considering the contract, generation scheduling must be arranged to maximize benefit according to the relevant transaction scheduling and the status of bidding units on the premise of contract quantity decomposed. The different realization approaches are used to realize the optimal problem of different contracts and different bidding methods. Based on theoretical analysis of optimization condition, the piecewise bidding solution is got. Relaxing the contract quantity restraint to get the initial optimal solution and adjust to the satisfied solution. Influence of different contract on different bidding manner is discussed at last.
At the end of paper, the possible problems and directions for further research are pointed out.
引文
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