钇共掺杂的掺铒氧化铝光致发光增强机制研究
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摘要
本文采用非水性溶胶-凝胶工艺制备Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂Al_2O_3粉末,通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及能量分散谱(EDS)和荧光光谱等方法,系统地研究了Y~(3+)共掺杂对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末颗粒形貌和结构,1400-1700 nm近红外Stokes发光和500-700 nm绿、红色反Stokes(上转换)发光的影响作用规律,揭示了Y~(3+)共掺杂对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3光致发光的增强机制。
以异丙醇铝[Al(OC_3H_7)_3]为前驱体,硝酸铒盐[Er(NO_3)_3·5H_2O]为掺杂介质,在异丙醇[(CH_3)_2CHOH]环境下水解合成Er~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3溶胶。随H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比由0:1增加到5:1,掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶粘度由4.33 mm~2/s减小到4.16 mm~2/s,胶粒尺度由40nm减小到3 nm。900℃烧结不同H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比的掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶,所得粉末均为γ-(Al,Er)_2O_3和θ-(Al,Er)_2O_3混合相结构,粉末颗粒尺度均约为10 nm。随H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比增大,粉末中羟基(-OH)含量逐渐增加,而掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末在977.3 nm激光泵浦下获得的对应于Er~(3+4)I_(13/2)→~4I_(15/2)跃迁过程的1530 nm波长Stokes发光强度先增强后减弱,H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比为2:1时粉末发光强度最强。
以硝酸铒盐[Er(NO_3)_3·5H_2O]为掺杂介质,硝酸钇盐[Y(NO_3)_3·5H_2O]为共掺杂介质,制备H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比为2:1的0-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺0.001-2 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶。0-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶,粘度均约为4.18 mm~2/s,胶粒尺度因Y~(3+)共掺杂增加,10 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂时胶粒长大至约10 nm。900℃和1000℃烧结0-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末均为γ-(Al,Er,Y)_2O_3和θ-(Al,Er,Y)_2O_3混合相结构,1000℃烧结20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的粉末有(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3化合物相析出;掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末γ和θ相非晶化程度随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而逐渐加剧。Y~(3+)共掺杂对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末中-OH含量无影响,粉末颗粒尺度因Y~(3+)共掺杂而逐渐增大,10-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使得1000℃烧结的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末颗粒由约10 nm增大至约40nm。
977.3 nm波长激光泵浦下,γ-和θ-(Al,Er,Y)_2O_3混合相结构的Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂Al_2O_3粉末均得到了非均匀宽化的中心波长在1530 nm的Stokes发光谱,(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3化合物相析出时,光谱发生劈裂。0.001 mol%超低Er~(3+)掺杂浓度时,Y~(3+)共掺杂对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末发光强度没有影响;随Er~(3+)浓度增大至0.01-2 mol%,Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末1530 nm波长发光强度随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而增强。20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使得900℃和1000℃烧结的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末发光强度分别提高了30倍和40倍。Y~(3+)共掺杂抑制了Er~(3+)浓度猝灭效应,20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末1530nm荧光猝灭浓度由0.1 mol%提高至1 mol%。
Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂Al_2O_3粉末Er~(3+)的1530 nm波长荧光寿命随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而逐渐增大,20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使900℃烧结的掺0.1 mol%和1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3荧光寿命分别由3.5 ms和3.3 ms提高至5.8 ms和4.1 ms;Er~(3+)辐射寿命和泵浦吸收截面不因Y~(3+)共掺杂而改变;Er~(3+)光活度系数随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而增大,900℃烧结的掺0.1 mol%和1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末的Er~(3+)光活度系数因20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂分别提高了10倍和20倍。Y~(3+)共掺杂通过提高Er~(3+)光活度系数和Er~(3+)荧光寿命实现了对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末1530 nm波长Stokes发光的增强作用,且Er~(3+)光活度系数的提高具有主要作用。Y~(3+)共掺杂破坏了掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末中Er~(3+)的微观团簇,激活了处于团簇状态的非光活性Er~(3+),因此提高了掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末中Er~(3+)的光活度系数;Y~(3+)共掺杂对Er~(3+)荧光寿命的增强作用,归因于抑制Er~(3+)-Er~(3+)能量传递速率和-OH猝灭速率,从而减小了Er~(3+)无辐射跃迁速率。
Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂Al_2O_3粉末在977.3 nm激光泵浦下发生535、553 nm绿色和670 nm红色上转换发光。(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3化合物相析出时,绿、红色上转换发光谱产生劈裂。Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂和Er~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3上转换发光均为双光子上转换吸收过程,绿色上转换主要为激发态吸收~4I_(11/2)+a photon→~4F_(7/2)和交叉弛豫~4I_(11/2)+~4I_(11/2)→~4I_(15/2)+~4F_(7/2)过程,红色上转换主要为~4I_(13/2)+a photon→~4F_(9/2)和~4I_(11/2)+~4I_(13/2)→~4F_(9/2)+~4I_(15/2)过程。Y~(3+)共掺杂使得光活性Er~(3+)数量增加的同时又抑制了Er~(3+)交叉弛豫过程,因此随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加Er~(3+)上转换发光强度呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,10 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂时粉末发光强度最强。10mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使900℃和1000℃烧结的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3绿色上转换发光强度分别增强了约30倍和100倍,使红色上转换发光强度分别增强了约2倍和10倍。Y~(3+)共掺杂对Er~(3+)上转换发光具有颜色调制作用。绿色和红色上转换发光强度比(I_(green)/I_(red))随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而增大,上转换发光由红色逐渐变为绿色。结合速率方程分析了I_(green)/I_(red)的变化规律,表明I_(green)/I_(red)正比于~4I_(11/2)和~4I_(13/2)能级上的Er~(3+)密度比N_3/N_2。Y~(3+)共掺杂抑制了Er~(3+):~4I_(11/2)→~4I_(13/2)无辐射跃迁过程,导致N_3/N_2增大。
The Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders have been prepared by a non-aqueous sol-gel method.The effects of Y~(3+) codoping on the phase structure and the photoluminescence(PL) emission properties of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders are systematically investigated by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),energy distribution spectrum(EDS) and PL measurement,to explore the enhancement mechanism of the stokes and the anti-stokes(up-conversion) emissions of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders due to Y~(3+) codoping.
The Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 sols are prepared by using the aluminum isopropoxide [Al(OC_3H_7)_3]as precursor,and hydrated nitrate of Er(NO_3)_3·5H_2O as dopant in the isopropanol environment.Increasing the molar ratio of H_2O and Al~(3+)(M_(H2O)/M_(Al)) from 0:1 to 5:1,the viscosity of the 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 sols recedes from 4.33 to 4.16 mm~2/s and the size of the colloidal particles decreases from 40 to 3 nm.The Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders sintered at 900℃,derived from the sols with various M_(H2O)/M_(Al),are all characteristic of the mixture ofγ-(Al,Er)_2O_3 andθ-(Al,Er)_2O_3 phases.With increasing the M_(H2O)/M_(Al),the concentration of -OH in the powders increases,while the stokes emission intensity at the wavelength of 1530 nm,corresponding to the transition of ~4I_(1 3/2)→~4I_(1 5/2) of Er~(3+),first increases and then gradually decreases,and the maximum PL intensity of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders is achieved for the powders with the M_(H2O)/M_(Al) of 2:1.
The 0.001-2 mol%Er~(3+)- and 0-20 mol%Y~(3+) -codoped Al_2O_3 sols with the M_(H2O)/M_(Al) of 2:1 are prepared by using hydrated nitrate of Y(NO_3)_3·5H_2O as codopant.The viscosity of the 1 mol%Er~(3+)- and 0-20 mol%Y~(3+) -codoped Al_2O_3 are all about 4.18 mm~2/s.10 mol%Y~(3+) codoping increases the size of the sol particles from 3 nm to 10 nm.The Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders by 0-20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping at the sintering temperature of 900 and 1000℃are characteristic ofγ-(Al,Y,Er)_2O_3 andθ-(Al,Y,Er)_2O_3 phases,and the(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3 phase precipitates for the 20 mol%Y~(3+) codoped powders sintered at 1000℃.Y~(3+) codoping suppresses the crystallization ofγ,andθphases.The content and the vibration frequency of -OH are not changed due to Y~(3+) codoping,however,the particles size increases to 40 nm due to 10-20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping.
The inharmoniously-broadening stokes emission spectra centered at 1530 nm are observed for all the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders composed ofγandθphases,and it is splitted for the(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3 phase.The effect of Y~(3+) codoping on the PL intensity is related to the Er~(3+) concentration.For the super low Er~(3+) concentration of 0.001 mol%,Y~(3+) codoping has no affect on the PL intensity,while the PL intensities of the 0.01-2 mol% Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders increase with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping concentration.20 mol% Y~(3+) codoping intensifies the PL intensity by about 30 and 40 times for the 1 mol%Er~(3+) doped Al_2O_3 powders at the sintering temperature of 900℃and 1000℃,respectively.The emission-quenching concentration of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders is increased from 0.1 mol%to 1 mol%due to 20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping.
Y~(3+) codoping increases the lifetimes of the ~4I_(13/2) level of Er~(3+) in Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codped Al_2O_3 powders,and the lifetimes increase with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping concentration.20 mol% Y~(3+) codoping increases the lifetime from 3.5 and 3.3 ms to 5.8 and 4.1 ms,for the 0.1 and 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders,respectively.The radiative lifetime and pump absorption cross section of Er~(3+) in Al_2O_3 powders is not changed due to Y~(3+) codoping.The optical activity of Er~(3+) in Al_2O_3 powders increases with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping codping conventration,and 20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping increases it by a factor of 10 and 20 times,for the 0.1 and 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders at the sintering temperature of 900℃, respectively.It is confirmed that the enhanced emission intensity at 1530 nm is mainly attributed to the improved optical activity of Er~(3+),whereas slightly to the increased litetime of Er~(3+) in Al_2O_3.The improved optical activity of Er~(3+) is attributed to the destroying of Er~(3+) cluster due to Y~(3+) codoping,which activates the inactive Er~(3+) in clustering state.The increase in the lifetimes is ascribed to the decrease in the Er~(3+)-Er~(3+) energy transfer probability and that in the -OH quenching rate.
The green and red up-conversion emissions centered at about 535,553 and 670 nm, corresponding to the ~2H_(1 1/2),~4S_(3/2)→~4I_(1 5/2) and ~4F_(9/2)→~4I_(1 5/2) transitions of Er~(3+),ae detected for the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders.The two-photon absorption up-conversion process is involved for the green and red up-conversion emissions of both the Er~(3+)-doped and the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders.Y~(3+) codoping greatly increases the up-conversion emission intensities of the Er~(3+) doped Al_2O_3 powders.The up-conversion emission intensities of the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 first increase and then gradually decrease with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping concentration up to 20 mol%,because Y~(3+) codoping increases the optical activity of Er~(3+) and simultaneously limits the probability of cross relaxation between Er~(3+) ions.Y~(3+) codoping also tunes the color of the up-conversion emissions from red to green,and 20 mol% Y~(3+) codoping increases the intensity ratio of the green to red up-conversion emission(I_(green)/I_(red)) from 0.2 to 3 for the 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders sintered at 1000℃.The evolution of I_(green)/I_(red) has been analyzed with rate equations of Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 system.The limited ~4I_(1 1/2)→~4I_(1 3/2) nonradiative transition of Er~(3+) increases the concentration ratio of Er~(3+) in ~4I_(1 1/2) and ~4I_(1 3/2) level(N_3/N_2),leading to an increase in I_(green)/I_(red).
以异丙醇铝[Al(OC_3H_7)_3]为前驱体,硝酸铒盐[Er(NO_3)_3·5H_2O]为掺杂介质,在异丙醇[(CH_3)_2CHOH]环境下水解合成Er~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3溶胶。随H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比由0:1增加到5:1,掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶粘度由4.33 mm~2/s减小到4.16 mm~2/s,胶粒尺度由40nm减小到3 nm。900℃烧结不同H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比的掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶,所得粉末均为γ-(Al,Er)_2O_3和θ-(Al,Er)_2O_3混合相结构,粉末颗粒尺度均约为10 nm。随H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比增大,粉末中羟基(-OH)含量逐渐增加,而掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末在977.3 nm激光泵浦下获得的对应于Er~(3+4)I_(13/2)→~4I_(15/2)跃迁过程的1530 nm波长Stokes发光强度先增强后减弱,H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比为2:1时粉末发光强度最强。
以硝酸铒盐[Er(NO_3)_3·5H_2O]为掺杂介质,硝酸钇盐[Y(NO_3)_3·5H_2O]为共掺杂介质,制备H_2O与Al~(3+)摩尔比为2:1的0-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺0.001-2 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶。0-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3溶胶,粘度均约为4.18 mm~2/s,胶粒尺度因Y~(3+)共掺杂增加,10 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂时胶粒长大至约10 nm。900℃和1000℃烧结0-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末均为γ-(Al,Er,Y)_2O_3和θ-(Al,Er,Y)_2O_3混合相结构,1000℃烧结20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂的粉末有(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3化合物相析出;掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末γ和θ相非晶化程度随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而逐渐加剧。Y~(3+)共掺杂对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末中-OH含量无影响,粉末颗粒尺度因Y~(3+)共掺杂而逐渐增大,10-20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使得1000℃烧结的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末颗粒由约10 nm增大至约40nm。
977.3 nm波长激光泵浦下,γ-和θ-(Al,Er,Y)_2O_3混合相结构的Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂Al_2O_3粉末均得到了非均匀宽化的中心波长在1530 nm的Stokes发光谱,(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3化合物相析出时,光谱发生劈裂。0.001 mol%超低Er~(3+)掺杂浓度时,Y~(3+)共掺杂对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末发光强度没有影响;随Er~(3+)浓度增大至0.01-2 mol%,Y~(3+)共掺杂的掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末1530 nm波长发光强度随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而增强。20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使得900℃和1000℃烧结的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末发光强度分别提高了30倍和40倍。Y~(3+)共掺杂抑制了Er~(3+)浓度猝灭效应,20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末1530nm荧光猝灭浓度由0.1 mol%提高至1 mol%。
Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂Al_2O_3粉末Er~(3+)的1530 nm波长荧光寿命随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而逐渐增大,20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使900℃烧结的掺0.1 mol%和1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3荧光寿命分别由3.5 ms和3.3 ms提高至5.8 ms和4.1 ms;Er~(3+)辐射寿命和泵浦吸收截面不因Y~(3+)共掺杂而改变;Er~(3+)光活度系数随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而增大,900℃烧结的掺0.1 mol%和1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末的Er~(3+)光活度系数因20 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂分别提高了10倍和20倍。Y~(3+)共掺杂通过提高Er~(3+)光活度系数和Er~(3+)荧光寿命实现了对掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末1530 nm波长Stokes发光的增强作用,且Er~(3+)光活度系数的提高具有主要作用。Y~(3+)共掺杂破坏了掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末中Er~(3+)的微观团簇,激活了处于团簇状态的非光活性Er~(3+),因此提高了掺Er~(3+):Al_2O_3粉末中Er~(3+)的光活度系数;Y~(3+)共掺杂对Er~(3+)荧光寿命的增强作用,归因于抑制Er~(3+)-Er~(3+)能量传递速率和-OH猝灭速率,从而减小了Er~(3+)无辐射跃迁速率。
Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂Al_2O_3粉末在977.3 nm激光泵浦下发生535、553 nm绿色和670 nm红色上转换发光。(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3化合物相析出时,绿、红色上转换发光谱产生劈裂。Er~(3+)-Y~(3+)共掺杂和Er~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3上转换发光均为双光子上转换吸收过程,绿色上转换主要为激发态吸收~4I_(11/2)+a photon→~4F_(7/2)和交叉弛豫~4I_(11/2)+~4I_(11/2)→~4I_(15/2)+~4F_(7/2)过程,红色上转换主要为~4I_(13/2)+a photon→~4F_(9/2)和~4I_(11/2)+~4I_(13/2)→~4F_(9/2)+~4I_(15/2)过程。Y~(3+)共掺杂使得光活性Er~(3+)数量增加的同时又抑制了Er~(3+)交叉弛豫过程,因此随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加Er~(3+)上转换发光强度呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,10 mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂时粉末发光强度最强。10mol%Y~(3+)共掺杂使900℃和1000℃烧结的掺1 mol%Er~(3+):Al_2O_3绿色上转换发光强度分别增强了约30倍和100倍,使红色上转换发光强度分别增强了约2倍和10倍。Y~(3+)共掺杂对Er~(3+)上转换发光具有颜色调制作用。绿色和红色上转换发光强度比(I_(green)/I_(red))随Y~(3+)共掺杂浓度增加而增大,上转换发光由红色逐渐变为绿色。结合速率方程分析了I_(green)/I_(red)的变化规律,表明I_(green)/I_(red)正比于~4I_(11/2)和~4I_(13/2)能级上的Er~(3+)密度比N_3/N_2。Y~(3+)共掺杂抑制了Er~(3+):~4I_(11/2)→~4I_(13/2)无辐射跃迁过程,导致N_3/N_2增大。
The Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders have been prepared by a non-aqueous sol-gel method.The effects of Y~(3+) codoping on the phase structure and the photoluminescence(PL) emission properties of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders are systematically investigated by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),energy distribution spectrum(EDS) and PL measurement,to explore the enhancement mechanism of the stokes and the anti-stokes(up-conversion) emissions of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders due to Y~(3+) codoping.
The Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 sols are prepared by using the aluminum isopropoxide [Al(OC_3H_7)_3]as precursor,and hydrated nitrate of Er(NO_3)_3·5H_2O as dopant in the isopropanol environment.Increasing the molar ratio of H_2O and Al~(3+)(M_(H2O)/M_(Al)) from 0:1 to 5:1,the viscosity of the 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 sols recedes from 4.33 to 4.16 mm~2/s and the size of the colloidal particles decreases from 40 to 3 nm.The Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders sintered at 900℃,derived from the sols with various M_(H2O)/M_(Al),are all characteristic of the mixture ofγ-(Al,Er)_2O_3 andθ-(Al,Er)_2O_3 phases.With increasing the M_(H2O)/M_(Al),the concentration of -OH in the powders increases,while the stokes emission intensity at the wavelength of 1530 nm,corresponding to the transition of ~4I_(1 3/2)→~4I_(1 5/2) of Er~(3+),first increases and then gradually decreases,and the maximum PL intensity of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders is achieved for the powders with the M_(H2O)/M_(Al) of 2:1.
The 0.001-2 mol%Er~(3+)- and 0-20 mol%Y~(3+) -codoped Al_2O_3 sols with the M_(H2O)/M_(Al) of 2:1 are prepared by using hydrated nitrate of Y(NO_3)_3·5H_2O as codopant.The viscosity of the 1 mol%Er~(3+)- and 0-20 mol%Y~(3+) -codoped Al_2O_3 are all about 4.18 mm~2/s.10 mol%Y~(3+) codoping increases the size of the sol particles from 3 nm to 10 nm.The Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders by 0-20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping at the sintering temperature of 900 and 1000℃are characteristic ofγ-(Al,Y,Er)_2O_3 andθ-(Al,Y,Er)_2O_3 phases,and the(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3 phase precipitates for the 20 mol%Y~(3+) codoped powders sintered at 1000℃.Y~(3+) codoping suppresses the crystallization ofγ,andθphases.The content and the vibration frequency of -OH are not changed due to Y~(3+) codoping,however,the particles size increases to 40 nm due to 10-20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping.
The inharmoniously-broadening stokes emission spectra centered at 1530 nm are observed for all the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders composed ofγandθphases,and it is splitted for the(Y,Er)_3Al_2(AlO_4)_3 phase.The effect of Y~(3+) codoping on the PL intensity is related to the Er~(3+) concentration.For the super low Er~(3+) concentration of 0.001 mol%,Y~(3+) codoping has no affect on the PL intensity,while the PL intensities of the 0.01-2 mol% Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders increase with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping concentration.20 mol% Y~(3+) codoping intensifies the PL intensity by about 30 and 40 times for the 1 mol%Er~(3+) doped Al_2O_3 powders at the sintering temperature of 900℃and 1000℃,respectively.The emission-quenching concentration of the Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders is increased from 0.1 mol%to 1 mol%due to 20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping.
Y~(3+) codoping increases the lifetimes of the ~4I_(13/2) level of Er~(3+) in Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codped Al_2O_3 powders,and the lifetimes increase with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping concentration.20 mol% Y~(3+) codoping increases the lifetime from 3.5 and 3.3 ms to 5.8 and 4.1 ms,for the 0.1 and 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders,respectively.The radiative lifetime and pump absorption cross section of Er~(3+) in Al_2O_3 powders is not changed due to Y~(3+) codoping.The optical activity of Er~(3+) in Al_2O_3 powders increases with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping codping conventration,and 20 mol%Y~(3+) codoping increases it by a factor of 10 and 20 times,for the 0.1 and 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders at the sintering temperature of 900℃, respectively.It is confirmed that the enhanced emission intensity at 1530 nm is mainly attributed to the improved optical activity of Er~(3+),whereas slightly to the increased litetime of Er~(3+) in Al_2O_3.The improved optical activity of Er~(3+) is attributed to the destroying of Er~(3+) cluster due to Y~(3+) codoping,which activates the inactive Er~(3+) in clustering state.The increase in the lifetimes is ascribed to the decrease in the Er~(3+)-Er~(3+) energy transfer probability and that in the -OH quenching rate.
The green and red up-conversion emissions centered at about 535,553 and 670 nm, corresponding to the ~2H_(1 1/2),~4S_(3/2)→~4I_(1 5/2) and ~4F_(9/2)→~4I_(1 5/2) transitions of Er~(3+),ae detected for the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders.The two-photon absorption up-conversion process is involved for the green and red up-conversion emissions of both the Er~(3+)-doped and the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 powders.Y~(3+) codoping greatly increases the up-conversion emission intensities of the Er~(3+) doped Al_2O_3 powders.The up-conversion emission intensities of the Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 first increase and then gradually decrease with increasing the Y~(3+) codoping concentration up to 20 mol%,because Y~(3+) codoping increases the optical activity of Er~(3+) and simultaneously limits the probability of cross relaxation between Er~(3+) ions.Y~(3+) codoping also tunes the color of the up-conversion emissions from red to green,and 20 mol% Y~(3+) codoping increases the intensity ratio of the green to red up-conversion emission(I_(green)/I_(red)) from 0.2 to 3 for the 1 mol%Er~(3+)-doped Al_2O_3 powders sintered at 1000℃.The evolution of I_(green)/I_(red) has been analyzed with rate equations of Er~(3+)-Y~(3+) codoped Al_2O_3 system.The limited ~4I_(1 1/2)→~4I_(1 3/2) nonradiative transition of Er~(3+) increases the concentration ratio of Er~(3+) in ~4I_(1 1/2) and ~4I_(1 3/2) level(N_3/N_2),leading to an increase in I_(green)/I_(red).
引文
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