市场环境中的电能交易模型及算法研究
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摘要
现有的电力市场交易理论是从传统的电力系统经济运行方法和市场理论发展起来的。根据“十一五”电力体制改革规划,我国正在加快电力市场建设,构建符合国情、统一开放的电力市场体系。本文首先对电力系统传统的经济运行和现有的市场交易方法进行了论述和总结,然后结合我国电力系统的特点,以市场环境下的电能交易为主线,针对制定交易计划时涉及的问题进行了研究,取得了如下成果:
一、提出了考虑网损无约束日前交易竞价模型。由于电厂提供的电能在传输中产生的损耗不同,所以电能属于不同“质量”的商品,在进行竞价时应予以考虑,并在结算时候予以奖惩。上述模型基于上网电能实际利用率构建,其优点是即能体现电力市场的公平竞争和社会资源优化,也能在财政收支上保持平衡。
二、结合日前和实时市场交易中常用的发电交易模型,提出了计及安全约束的多发电交易新算法,该算法有效地协调有功发电校正和紧急控制之间的关系,即保持了现阶段电能交易计算简单快速的优点,又包括了系统静态和动态安全约束,具有很强的实用性。
三、提出基于超短期负荷预测的安全经济AGC模型。该模型计及频率效应的功率平衡方程及线路功率方程,把线路安全原则运用到AGC服务中,结合EMS的超短期负荷预测,将安全经济调度(三次调节)与自动发电控制(二次调节)合成统一的安全经济AGC控制,为市场环境下的动态优化负荷跟踪服务提供了指南。
四、基于经济学原理和可中断负荷在阻塞管理中的应用,提出一种以节点价格为基础的具有可中断负荷两阶段电能交易阻塞管理模型。该模型通过现有的电能交易竞价方法确定节点电价,然后在节点电价的经济性指导下获得消除阻塞管理的最优可中断负荷和机组重调量。此方法具有明确的经济和物理意义,突出了价格对资源优化配置的指导性作用。
五、在综合考虑市场环境下电源规划方案的经济、社会和环境等多元目标的基础上,汲取概率和工程模糊集理论的思想和方法,将不确定性信息直接引入到优化计算中,构造出不确定多目标电源规划模型。该模型所给出评价电源规划方案的优属度方法,为解决参数不确定的多目标规划问题提供了一种实用的方法。
The theory and method of power market transaction are developed from theory of traditional economic operation of power system and market. Based on the power organizational reform duty in“Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, China is speeding up power market construction, and diligently building a national uniform open electric power market. In this thesis, traditional economic operation methods and the existing market transaction theory are reviewed and summarized in the introduction. Then based on the characteristics in our country, and taking energy transaction as the master line, several studies in energy trade plan have conducted, and yields the following results:
1. A novel non-constrained transaction bidding model on day-ahead power market is proposed. The power plant provides the electrical energy with the different loss levels in transmission, which makes the injecting power distinct. The proposed model uses the utilization rate in a day-ahead trade planning, which not only obtains more equitable and economic market clearing results, but also reaches financial equilibrium.
2. New network security constrained multi-energy transaction models are proposed in day ahead and real-time transaction markets. The proposed models maintain the merits of present energy transaction planning and use new methods to deal with the static and dynamic line constraints with very strong usability.
3. Based on short-term load forecasts, a security economy AGC model is developed. Utilizing the line secure principle in the AGC service, this model synthesizes Security Economic Dispatch (the third adjustment) and Automatic Generation Control (the second adjustment) into an unified process. The optimized control model reduces the occurrence of unit excessively adjustment and saving total service cost.
4. With the economic principle and the application of interruptible load in the congestion management, a two-stage energy transaction congestion management model is proposed. This model firstly acquires node prices using the existing energy transaction method, and then the interruptible loads are evaluated with the price. This congestion management model has explicit economy and the physics meanings and realizes the price-guidance to an optimization disposition.
5. In consideration of the effects of economy, society and environment, a novel uncertainty multi-objective generation expansion planning model is established by using the method of probability and project fuzzy recognition theory. The method of relative membership superiority is applied to solve the planning model, which offer a new way for uncertain multi-objective programming problem.
一、提出了考虑网损无约束日前交易竞价模型。由于电厂提供的电能在传输中产生的损耗不同,所以电能属于不同“质量”的商品,在进行竞价时应予以考虑,并在结算时候予以奖惩。上述模型基于上网电能实际利用率构建,其优点是即能体现电力市场的公平竞争和社会资源优化,也能在财政收支上保持平衡。
二、结合日前和实时市场交易中常用的发电交易模型,提出了计及安全约束的多发电交易新算法,该算法有效地协调有功发电校正和紧急控制之间的关系,即保持了现阶段电能交易计算简单快速的优点,又包括了系统静态和动态安全约束,具有很强的实用性。
三、提出基于超短期负荷预测的安全经济AGC模型。该模型计及频率效应的功率平衡方程及线路功率方程,把线路安全原则运用到AGC服务中,结合EMS的超短期负荷预测,将安全经济调度(三次调节)与自动发电控制(二次调节)合成统一的安全经济AGC控制,为市场环境下的动态优化负荷跟踪服务提供了指南。
四、基于经济学原理和可中断负荷在阻塞管理中的应用,提出一种以节点价格为基础的具有可中断负荷两阶段电能交易阻塞管理模型。该模型通过现有的电能交易竞价方法确定节点电价,然后在节点电价的经济性指导下获得消除阻塞管理的最优可中断负荷和机组重调量。此方法具有明确的经济和物理意义,突出了价格对资源优化配置的指导性作用。
五、在综合考虑市场环境下电源规划方案的经济、社会和环境等多元目标的基础上,汲取概率和工程模糊集理论的思想和方法,将不确定性信息直接引入到优化计算中,构造出不确定多目标电源规划模型。该模型所给出评价电源规划方案的优属度方法,为解决参数不确定的多目标规划问题提供了一种实用的方法。
The theory and method of power market transaction are developed from theory of traditional economic operation of power system and market. Based on the power organizational reform duty in“Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, China is speeding up power market construction, and diligently building a national uniform open electric power market. In this thesis, traditional economic operation methods and the existing market transaction theory are reviewed and summarized in the introduction. Then based on the characteristics in our country, and taking energy transaction as the master line, several studies in energy trade plan have conducted, and yields the following results:
1. A novel non-constrained transaction bidding model on day-ahead power market is proposed. The power plant provides the electrical energy with the different loss levels in transmission, which makes the injecting power distinct. The proposed model uses the utilization rate in a day-ahead trade planning, which not only obtains more equitable and economic market clearing results, but also reaches financial equilibrium.
2. New network security constrained multi-energy transaction models are proposed in day ahead and real-time transaction markets. The proposed models maintain the merits of present energy transaction planning and use new methods to deal with the static and dynamic line constraints with very strong usability.
3. Based on short-term load forecasts, a security economy AGC model is developed. Utilizing the line secure principle in the AGC service, this model synthesizes Security Economic Dispatch (the third adjustment) and Automatic Generation Control (the second adjustment) into an unified process. The optimized control model reduces the occurrence of unit excessively adjustment and saving total service cost.
4. With the economic principle and the application of interruptible load in the congestion management, a two-stage energy transaction congestion management model is proposed. This model firstly acquires node prices using the existing energy transaction method, and then the interruptible loads are evaluated with the price. This congestion management model has explicit economy and the physics meanings and realizes the price-guidance to an optimization disposition.
5. In consideration of the effects of economy, society and environment, a novel uncertainty multi-objective generation expansion planning model is established by using the method of probability and project fuzzy recognition theory. The method of relative membership superiority is applied to solve the planning model, which offer a new way for uncertain multi-objective programming problem.
引文
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