纳米CuSCN的制备及其在复合涂料中的应用研究
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摘要
生物污损是船体腐蚀中最重要的一个问题,防污损涂料为抵抗污损提供了保护层,涂料中的毒素在涂料表面和海水的界面上产生了一层生物活性层,使涂层处有高浓度毒素,阻止了微生物的生存和繁殖。防污损的效果与防污剂的种类密切相关。
硫氰酸亚铜是一种优良的无机抗菌剂,将它添加到涂料中可以阻止微生物的生存和繁殖。它本身无毒、无污染,对人体和环境无害。纳米粒子具有特殊的性质导致了其在热、磁、光、敏感特性和表面稳定性等方面不同于常规粒子。鉴于纳米粒子的基本特征,将CuSCN制成纳米微粒加入涂料中,有望使其抗菌和防霉活性得到更有效地发挥,可极大地提高涂料抗菌、防污和防霉功能,同时可有效抑制船体的生物污损。
本文主要介绍了纳米CuSCN的制备、改性以及应用。
本文通过逆岐化法、液相沉淀法、直接沉淀法、沉淀转化法合成制备了CuSCN纳米粉体,制备的CuSCN产品粒度在70～90nm左右,产品粒度较均匀。讨论了影响产物粒径的因素,包括分散剂的用量、反应物的浓度和pH值,给出了最佳工作条件。用透射电镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱和XRD对产物进行了表征。结果表明,产物符合要求,粒径大约70～90nm。
在制备纳米CuSCN粉体的基础上,对CuSCN的改性进行了研究。以不同的改性剂将纳米CuSCN改性后,通过在乙酸乙酯中的沉降高度测试,丙酮和环己烷中的透过率测试选出最佳的改性剂为山梨醇。又通过在乙酸乙酯中的沉降高度测试确定山梨醇的最佳用量为0.4%。用扫描电镜和红外光谱对改性后的纳米CuSCN进行了表征。结果表明山梨醇与CuSCN之间形成化学键。
将改性后的纳米CuSCN粉体添加到纯丙乳液中制备出纳米复合乳液,对复合乳液的性能进行了初步研究。通过测定乳液的固含量、单体转化率、残渣率、粘度等,选出最佳的乳液配方为:乳化剂配比(阴/非)=2∶1,乳化剂用量:4%,引发剂用量:0.6%,温度:80℃。用扫描电镜、红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪对乳液进行了表征,选择了四种目标菌对乳液的抗菌性能进行了检测。结果表明:纳米CuSCN粒子能均匀地分散在乳液中,纳米CuSCN复合乳液在抗菌性等方面比普通纯丙乳液性能优良。
After corrosion,fouling is the most important problem to take into account in ship hull's protection .
Antifouling paints give protection against fouling attack.Toxicants are leached from the paint and generate alayer high bioactivity by toxicant solubilization in the paint surface/seawater interface .This high toxic concentration in the vicinity of the film prevents larval or propagules settlement.the effectiveness of these paints is highly dependent on the kind of toxicant present in the film .
Cuprous thiocyanate is a kind of fine inorganic antibacterial agent, which can prevent the survival and reproduce of bacteria. It is innoxious, not harmful for human and environment. Nanoparticle differs from other normal particles in heat, magnetism, light, sensitivity characteristic and surface stability due to its peculiar characters. According to the basic characters of nanoparticle, it is expected that antibacterial and bactericidal activation of CuSCN can be advanced by adding CuSCN nanoparticles into coating, which can improve the antibacterial and bactericidal function along with antifouling of coating.
Preparation, modification and application of cuprous thiocyanate nanoparticles were mostly introduced.
Cuprous thiocyanate nanoparticles were prepared by Converse-disproportionation reaction method and Liquid-phase precipitation method as well as direct precipitation method and transformation of precipitation method, The factors that influence the size of particles were investigated. These factors include quantities of dispersant, the concentration of reactants, and pH value. The best conditions in preparation is given. TEM, SEM, IR and XRD were used to characterize the particles. The result suggests that the particles are fine and the size of the particles was 70～90nm.
On the foundation of upwards of studies, the modification of nano-cuprous thiocyanate was researched. Before using different modificator, C_6H_(14)O_6 is choosed as the best modificator by testing the height of sedimentation in ethyl acetate and light transmittance in acetone and cycloexane. The best quantities of modificator is 0.4%, which is confirmed by testing the height of sedimentation in ethyl acetate. SEM and IR were used to characterize the particles. The result suggests that there are an chemical band between CuSCN and C_6H_(14)O_6.
Nano-compound emulsion was prepared by adding modified nano-CuSCN into acrylic emulsion, and the properties of the compound emulsion were initially researched. The content of particles, conversion of monomers, residues percent and viscosity was measured to educe the best material proportion. The ratio of SDS and OP is 2:1, the quantities is 4%, initiator concentration is 0.6%, and the temperature is 80℃. SEM, IR and DSC were used to characterize the emulsion. Four index-bacteria were choosed to determine the antibacterial capability. The result suggests that the nanoparticles can be dispersed equably in the emulsion, and the nano-compound acrylic emulsion's properties are better than normal emulsion's.
硫氰酸亚铜是一种优良的无机抗菌剂,将它添加到涂料中可以阻止微生物的生存和繁殖。它本身无毒、无污染,对人体和环境无害。纳米粒子具有特殊的性质导致了其在热、磁、光、敏感特性和表面稳定性等方面不同于常规粒子。鉴于纳米粒子的基本特征,将CuSCN制成纳米微粒加入涂料中,有望使其抗菌和防霉活性得到更有效地发挥,可极大地提高涂料抗菌、防污和防霉功能,同时可有效抑制船体的生物污损。
本文主要介绍了纳米CuSCN的制备、改性以及应用。
本文通过逆岐化法、液相沉淀法、直接沉淀法、沉淀转化法合成制备了CuSCN纳米粉体,制备的CuSCN产品粒度在70～90nm左右,产品粒度较均匀。讨论了影响产物粒径的因素,包括分散剂的用量、反应物的浓度和pH值,给出了最佳工作条件。用透射电镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱和XRD对产物进行了表征。结果表明,产物符合要求,粒径大约70～90nm。
在制备纳米CuSCN粉体的基础上,对CuSCN的改性进行了研究。以不同的改性剂将纳米CuSCN改性后,通过在乙酸乙酯中的沉降高度测试,丙酮和环己烷中的透过率测试选出最佳的改性剂为山梨醇。又通过在乙酸乙酯中的沉降高度测试确定山梨醇的最佳用量为0.4%。用扫描电镜和红外光谱对改性后的纳米CuSCN进行了表征。结果表明山梨醇与CuSCN之间形成化学键。
将改性后的纳米CuSCN粉体添加到纯丙乳液中制备出纳米复合乳液,对复合乳液的性能进行了初步研究。通过测定乳液的固含量、单体转化率、残渣率、粘度等,选出最佳的乳液配方为:乳化剂配比(阴/非)=2∶1,乳化剂用量:4%,引发剂用量:0.6%,温度:80℃。用扫描电镜、红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪对乳液进行了表征,选择了四种目标菌对乳液的抗菌性能进行了检测。结果表明:纳米CuSCN粒子能均匀地分散在乳液中,纳米CuSCN复合乳液在抗菌性等方面比普通纯丙乳液性能优良。
After corrosion,fouling is the most important problem to take into account in ship hull's protection .
Antifouling paints give protection against fouling attack.Toxicants are leached from the paint and generate alayer high bioactivity by toxicant solubilization in the paint surface/seawater interface .This high toxic concentration in the vicinity of the film prevents larval or propagules settlement.the effectiveness of these paints is highly dependent on the kind of toxicant present in the film .
Cuprous thiocyanate is a kind of fine inorganic antibacterial agent, which can prevent the survival and reproduce of bacteria. It is innoxious, not harmful for human and environment. Nanoparticle differs from other normal particles in heat, magnetism, light, sensitivity characteristic and surface stability due to its peculiar characters. According to the basic characters of nanoparticle, it is expected that antibacterial and bactericidal activation of CuSCN can be advanced by adding CuSCN nanoparticles into coating, which can improve the antibacterial and bactericidal function along with antifouling of coating.
Preparation, modification and application of cuprous thiocyanate nanoparticles were mostly introduced.
Cuprous thiocyanate nanoparticles were prepared by Converse-disproportionation reaction method and Liquid-phase precipitation method as well as direct precipitation method and transformation of precipitation method, The factors that influence the size of particles were investigated. These factors include quantities of dispersant, the concentration of reactants, and pH value. The best conditions in preparation is given. TEM, SEM, IR and XRD were used to characterize the particles. The result suggests that the particles are fine and the size of the particles was 70～90nm.
On the foundation of upwards of studies, the modification of nano-cuprous thiocyanate was researched. Before using different modificator, C_6H_(14)O_6 is choosed as the best modificator by testing the height of sedimentation in ethyl acetate and light transmittance in acetone and cycloexane. The best quantities of modificator is 0.4%, which is confirmed by testing the height of sedimentation in ethyl acetate. SEM and IR were used to characterize the particles. The result suggests that there are an chemical band between CuSCN and C_6H_(14)O_6.
Nano-compound emulsion was prepared by adding modified nano-CuSCN into acrylic emulsion, and the properties of the compound emulsion were initially researched. The content of particles, conversion of monomers, residues percent and viscosity was measured to educe the best material proportion. The ratio of SDS and OP is 2:1, the quantities is 4%, initiator concentration is 0.6%, and the temperature is 80℃. SEM, IR and DSC were used to characterize the emulsion. Four index-bacteria were choosed to determine the antibacterial capability. The result suggests that the nanoparticles can be dispersed equably in the emulsion, and the nano-compound acrylic emulsion's properties are better than normal emulsion's.
引文
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