惠民凹陷深层油气成藏机理研究
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摘要
惠民凹陷隶属于渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷,为北断南超的半地堑结构,北为埕宁隆起,南为鲁西隆起,东西分别与东营凹陷及临清坳陷、禹城凹陷相接。长期以来对深层油气富集规律认识不深,对勘探深层油气藏缺少有力科学依据。本文从石油地质、地球化学和地球物理多方面系统研究了惠民凹陷深层原油物性、地球化学特征、储层特征及源岩地球化学特征,探讨本区深层油气成藏机理和油气富集规律。
惠民凹陷沙四上亚段中央隆起带发育滩坝沉积,阳信洼陷北部无棣凸起边缘发育扇三角洲,在滋镇洼陷、南斜坡带、禹城北部地区发育三角洲沉积。沙四下亚段主要发育辫状三角洲沉积,在南斜坡发育冲积扇沉积,北部阳信洼陷边缘发育扇三角洲沉积。
阳信洼陷沙四上亚段烃源岩最厚,可达500m,其次是临南洼陷累计厚度可达150m。临南洼陷和阳信洼陷沙四上亚段暗色泥岩有机碳含量高,总体上属于中等一好烃源岩。阳信洼陷生烃潜力大于临南洼陷。临南洼陷沙四上亚段烃源岩以Ⅱ型混合型有机质为主,次为Ⅲ型有机质。阳信洼陷烃源岩以Ⅰ型腐泥型为主,次为Ⅱ型混合型有机质。滋镇洼陷暗色泥岩沉积环境为淡水弱还原环境。阳信洼陷和临南洼陷暗色泥岩沉积环境为淡水还原环境。阳信洼陷沙四段暗色泥岩沉积环境含盐度高,伽马蜡烷指数可达0.8。临南洼陷沙四段含盐度较低。临南洼陷和阳信凹陷沙四段暗色泥岩具有低等水生生物和陆源高等植物双重输入贡献。惠民凹陷沙四段暗色泥岩含有高菲芳烃系列化合物,三芴系列中硫芴占优势。
惠民凹陷深层已发现的原油生物标志物和碳同位素有较大变化,可划分为三种类型:(1)沙三型(2)沙四成熟型(3)沙四低熟型。
沙三下亚段原油以低等水生生物输入为主,Pr/Ph＞1,原油母源沉积环境为淡水弱还原环境。伽马蜡烷含量低,G/C_(30)比值介于0.04～0.14之间。C_(29)S/S+R分布范围为0.52～0.60,沙三下亚段深层原油都已进入高成熟阶段。三环萜烷含量非常丰富,三环萜烷/五环萜烷比值为0.69～1.23之间。
沙四段成熟原油母源具有丰富的陆源高等植物和低等水生生物输入。Pr/Ph介于0.53～1.23之间,三环萜烷含量少,C_(29)S/S+R值大于0.4,。XX96、PS2、QX141、XX507、LS1和S52-2样品C_(29)S/S+R值大于0.5,说明原油都已达到高成熟阶段。
沙四段低熟油C_(29)S/S+R值小于0.4,Pr/Ph小于1,母源沉积环境为还原沉积环境,伽马蜡烷稍高,G/C_(30)H大于0.1。低熟油芳烃化合物中多富含三芳甾烷。低熟油多分布在构造高部位,如中央隆起带和南斜坡带。
结合包裹体均一温度和精细埋藏史曲线确定惠民凹陷沙四段油气充注时间为32Ma和5Ma,也就是沙一段沉积时期和明化镇组沉积时期。沙一段沉积时期沙四段烃源岩已经达到成熟,成熟油气充注到储层中,早期充注的原油遭受了降解。二期为馆陶—明化镇组沉积时期,这时沙三段烃源岩生成的低熟油和成熟油都相继注入到临近的储层中,后期注入的油气和早期注入的原油相混合。
孔店组原油与沙四段暗色泥岩生物标志物分布特征极为相似,这说明孔店组原油来自沙四段烃源岩。孔店组原油与沙四段泥岩在芳烃化合物分布中也有相似性。芳香烃系列化合物含量顺序为菲系列＞萘系列＞二苯并噻吩系列＞屈系列＞芘系列。
首次运用二苯并噻吩和含氮化合物判断油气运移方向。临南洼陷油气具有沿着断层走向优势运移的特征。油气成藏条件为充足的油气资源,多种类型的沉积砂体,多套生储盖组合和有利输导体系。
油气运聚模式为侧向运聚砂控成藏模式和垂向运聚断控成藏模式。详细剖析了6个典型油气成藏模式。成功的预测了4个有利区。
Huimin depression is located in JiYang depression.It is a half-graben depression by faulting in the north and overlaping in the south.It is bounded by the Chengning High in the north,Luxi High in the south,Dongying depression in the east and Linqing depression in the west.Since there have been lack of detailed research on petroleum generation and accumulation patterns of the depression for a long period, there is now no a clear idea for its potential and further exploration.The article based on the petroleum geology,geochemistry,and geophysics to discuss the hydrocarbon accumulation and occurrence of the deep zone.
The beach bar of the Es4s member developed in the central uplift belt.The fan deltas of the Es4s member developed at the edge of Yangxin sag.Deltaic deposition occurred in Zizhen sag,the south slope and the south of the Yucheng zone.The braided river of the Es4x member developed in the south slope and fan deltas of the Es4x member developed at the border of Yangxin sag.
The source rock of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in YangXin sag is the deepest,which is 500m at depth.The source rock depth of Linnan sag could be 150m.There is abundant organic matter within the Es4s member of Linnan and Yangxin sag.The source rocks are moderate to good types.The petroleum potential of Yangxin sag is more than Linnan sag.The organic matter of Linnan sag is dominated byⅡkerogen type and secondly by kerogenⅢtype.The organic matter of Yangxin sag is dominated byⅠkerogen type and secondly by kerogen type.The dark mudstones of Zizhen sag were formed under weak reducing and fresh water environments.The source rocks developed in the reducing and fresh water environment.The salinity of Es4 member in Yangxin sag is very high,and its ratios of Gammacerane/C_(30) hopane is 0.8.The Es4 member of Linnan sag has low salinity and both lower hydrobiont and terrigenous higher plants inputs.The dark mudstone in the Huimin depression has high content of phenanthrene compound and the predominance of dibenzothiophen.
There have been great differences in biomarker and carbon isotope for the oils from the deep zone.These oils can be divided into three family groups,Es3x type, mature Es4 type and immature Es4 type.
The oils of the Es3x member have dominant algae inputs.The ratios of Pr/Ph for Es3x oils are more than 1.The parent material of Es3x oils were formed in weak reducing and fresh water environment.The ratios of Gammacerane/C_(30) hopane range from 0.04 to 0.14.The maturity parameters C_(29)S/S+R range from 0.52～0.60.The oils of the Es3x have accessed the high mature phase.There are much content of tricyclic terpane in the Es3x member.The ratios of tricyclic terpane/pentacyclic terpane range from 0.69 to 1.23.
The mature oils in Es4 member have abundant terrigenous higher plants and lower hydrobiont inputs.The ratios of Pr/Ph range from 0.53～1.23 and the content of tricyclic is lower.The maturity parameter C_(29)S/S+R is over 0.4.The parameter of XX96,PS2,QX141,XX507,LS1,S52-2 is more than 0.5.It can indicate that the oils of Es4 member are over mature.
The ratio of C_(29)S/S+R for the immature oils is less than 1 and The ratios of Pr/Ph is less than 1.Source materials deposited in the reducing environment.The ratios of Gammacerane/C_(30) hopane are more than 0.1.The immature oils are rich in triaromatic steroid series.The immature oils often occur in the structural high,such as central uplift belt and the south slope.
According to temperature histogram of oil-bearing inclusions,the accumulation phase of petroleum reservoirs in the south slope have been divided into two phases in combination with burial history curve,32Ma and 5Ma.The timing age is the Early Oligocene phase and the Miocene～Pliocene phase.During the Early Oligocene phase the source rocks reached mature.The reservoirs were charged by maure oils.The early filling oils experienced biodegradation.During the second phase,the mature oils and immature oils were injected into the adjacent reservoirs.The early filling oils and the late filling oils were commingled.
The characteristic of the oils from the Kongdian formation and the oils from Es4 member are similar.It can indicate that the oils from the Kongdian formation came from Es4 member.The distribution of aromatic hydrocarbon in the Kongdian formation is alike the Es4 member.
It is first that dibenzothiophene and nitrogen compounds are used to estimate the path of oil migration in the Huimin depression.The oils in Linnan sag migrated dominantly along the trend of fault.The hydrocarbon accumulation conditions are abundant petroleum resource,multiple source-reservoir-seal associations and favorable passage system.
The model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation has two models which include lateral migration sand control pattern and vertical migration fault control pattern.We analyzed six classical hydrocarbon accumulation model and forecasted four favorable prospect.
惠民凹陷沙四上亚段中央隆起带发育滩坝沉积,阳信洼陷北部无棣凸起边缘发育扇三角洲,在滋镇洼陷、南斜坡带、禹城北部地区发育三角洲沉积。沙四下亚段主要发育辫状三角洲沉积,在南斜坡发育冲积扇沉积,北部阳信洼陷边缘发育扇三角洲沉积。
阳信洼陷沙四上亚段烃源岩最厚,可达500m,其次是临南洼陷累计厚度可达150m。临南洼陷和阳信洼陷沙四上亚段暗色泥岩有机碳含量高,总体上属于中等一好烃源岩。阳信洼陷生烃潜力大于临南洼陷。临南洼陷沙四上亚段烃源岩以Ⅱ型混合型有机质为主,次为Ⅲ型有机质。阳信洼陷烃源岩以Ⅰ型腐泥型为主,次为Ⅱ型混合型有机质。滋镇洼陷暗色泥岩沉积环境为淡水弱还原环境。阳信洼陷和临南洼陷暗色泥岩沉积环境为淡水还原环境。阳信洼陷沙四段暗色泥岩沉积环境含盐度高,伽马蜡烷指数可达0.8。临南洼陷沙四段含盐度较低。临南洼陷和阳信凹陷沙四段暗色泥岩具有低等水生生物和陆源高等植物双重输入贡献。惠民凹陷沙四段暗色泥岩含有高菲芳烃系列化合物,三芴系列中硫芴占优势。
惠民凹陷深层已发现的原油生物标志物和碳同位素有较大变化,可划分为三种类型:(1)沙三型(2)沙四成熟型(3)沙四低熟型。
沙三下亚段原油以低等水生生物输入为主,Pr/Ph＞1,原油母源沉积环境为淡水弱还原环境。伽马蜡烷含量低,G/C_(30)比值介于0.04～0.14之间。C_(29)S/S+R分布范围为0.52～0.60,沙三下亚段深层原油都已进入高成熟阶段。三环萜烷含量非常丰富,三环萜烷/五环萜烷比值为0.69～1.23之间。
沙四段成熟原油母源具有丰富的陆源高等植物和低等水生生物输入。Pr/Ph介于0.53～1.23之间,三环萜烷含量少,C_(29)S/S+R值大于0.4,。XX96、PS2、QX141、XX507、LS1和S52-2样品C_(29)S/S+R值大于0.5,说明原油都已达到高成熟阶段。
沙四段低熟油C_(29)S/S+R值小于0.4,Pr/Ph小于1,母源沉积环境为还原沉积环境,伽马蜡烷稍高,G/C_(30)H大于0.1。低熟油芳烃化合物中多富含三芳甾烷。低熟油多分布在构造高部位,如中央隆起带和南斜坡带。
结合包裹体均一温度和精细埋藏史曲线确定惠民凹陷沙四段油气充注时间为32Ma和5Ma,也就是沙一段沉积时期和明化镇组沉积时期。沙一段沉积时期沙四段烃源岩已经达到成熟,成熟油气充注到储层中,早期充注的原油遭受了降解。二期为馆陶—明化镇组沉积时期,这时沙三段烃源岩生成的低熟油和成熟油都相继注入到临近的储层中,后期注入的油气和早期注入的原油相混合。
孔店组原油与沙四段暗色泥岩生物标志物分布特征极为相似,这说明孔店组原油来自沙四段烃源岩。孔店组原油与沙四段泥岩在芳烃化合物分布中也有相似性。芳香烃系列化合物含量顺序为菲系列＞萘系列＞二苯并噻吩系列＞屈系列＞芘系列。
首次运用二苯并噻吩和含氮化合物判断油气运移方向。临南洼陷油气具有沿着断层走向优势运移的特征。油气成藏条件为充足的油气资源,多种类型的沉积砂体,多套生储盖组合和有利输导体系。
油气运聚模式为侧向运聚砂控成藏模式和垂向运聚断控成藏模式。详细剖析了6个典型油气成藏模式。成功的预测了4个有利区。
Huimin depression is located in JiYang depression.It is a half-graben depression by faulting in the north and overlaping in the south.It is bounded by the Chengning High in the north,Luxi High in the south,Dongying depression in the east and Linqing depression in the west.Since there have been lack of detailed research on petroleum generation and accumulation patterns of the depression for a long period, there is now no a clear idea for its potential and further exploration.The article based on the petroleum geology,geochemistry,and geophysics to discuss the hydrocarbon accumulation and occurrence of the deep zone.
The beach bar of the Es4s member developed in the central uplift belt.The fan deltas of the Es4s member developed at the edge of Yangxin sag.Deltaic deposition occurred in Zizhen sag,the south slope and the south of the Yucheng zone.The braided river of the Es4x member developed in the south slope and fan deltas of the Es4x member developed at the border of Yangxin sag.
The source rock of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in YangXin sag is the deepest,which is 500m at depth.The source rock depth of Linnan sag could be 150m.There is abundant organic matter within the Es4s member of Linnan and Yangxin sag.The source rocks are moderate to good types.The petroleum potential of Yangxin sag is more than Linnan sag.The organic matter of Linnan sag is dominated byⅡkerogen type and secondly by kerogenⅢtype.The organic matter of Yangxin sag is dominated byⅠkerogen type and secondly by kerogen type.The dark mudstones of Zizhen sag were formed under weak reducing and fresh water environments.The source rocks developed in the reducing and fresh water environment.The salinity of Es4 member in Yangxin sag is very high,and its ratios of Gammacerane/C_(30) hopane is 0.8.The Es4 member of Linnan sag has low salinity and both lower hydrobiont and terrigenous higher plants inputs.The dark mudstone in the Huimin depression has high content of phenanthrene compound and the predominance of dibenzothiophen.
There have been great differences in biomarker and carbon isotope for the oils from the deep zone.These oils can be divided into three family groups,Es3x type, mature Es4 type and immature Es4 type.
The oils of the Es3x member have dominant algae inputs.The ratios of Pr/Ph for Es3x oils are more than 1.The parent material of Es3x oils were formed in weak reducing and fresh water environment.The ratios of Gammacerane/C_(30) hopane range from 0.04 to 0.14.The maturity parameters C_(29)S/S+R range from 0.52～0.60.The oils of the Es3x have accessed the high mature phase.There are much content of tricyclic terpane in the Es3x member.The ratios of tricyclic terpane/pentacyclic terpane range from 0.69 to 1.23.
The mature oils in Es4 member have abundant terrigenous higher plants and lower hydrobiont inputs.The ratios of Pr/Ph range from 0.53～1.23 and the content of tricyclic is lower.The maturity parameter C_(29)S/S+R is over 0.4.The parameter of XX96,PS2,QX141,XX507,LS1,S52-2 is more than 0.5.It can indicate that the oils of Es4 member are over mature.
The ratio of C_(29)S/S+R for the immature oils is less than 1 and The ratios of Pr/Ph is less than 1.Source materials deposited in the reducing environment.The ratios of Gammacerane/C_(30) hopane are more than 0.1.The immature oils are rich in triaromatic steroid series.The immature oils often occur in the structural high,such as central uplift belt and the south slope.
According to temperature histogram of oil-bearing inclusions,the accumulation phase of petroleum reservoirs in the south slope have been divided into two phases in combination with burial history curve,32Ma and 5Ma.The timing age is the Early Oligocene phase and the Miocene～Pliocene phase.During the Early Oligocene phase the source rocks reached mature.The reservoirs were charged by maure oils.The early filling oils experienced biodegradation.During the second phase,the mature oils and immature oils were injected into the adjacent reservoirs.The early filling oils and the late filling oils were commingled.
The characteristic of the oils from the Kongdian formation and the oils from Es4 member are similar.It can indicate that the oils from the Kongdian formation came from Es4 member.The distribution of aromatic hydrocarbon in the Kongdian formation is alike the Es4 member.
It is first that dibenzothiophene and nitrogen compounds are used to estimate the path of oil migration in the Huimin depression.The oils in Linnan sag migrated dominantly along the trend of fault.The hydrocarbon accumulation conditions are abundant petroleum resource,multiple source-reservoir-seal associations and favorable passage system.
The model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation has two models which include lateral migration sand control pattern and vertical migration fault control pattern.We analyzed six classical hydrocarbon accumulation model and forecasted four favorable prospect.
引文
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