纳米SiO_2对淀粉浆料改性的研究
摘要
针对淀粉浆料性能的不足,利用纳米SiO_2的特殊结构和性能对淀粉浆料改性,并探讨纳米SiO_2影响淀粉浆料浆膜和浆纱性能的作用机理。
通过实验优选了纳米SiO_2的分散方法以及选用分散剂的种类和浓度,确定了添加质量分数为3%的六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂,用超声波对纳米SiO_2进行有效分散的方法,并用分散效率、分散液中纳米SiO_2的粒径、分散液的表面性状等表征分散效果,同时讨论了分散液的稳定性。
将分散后的纳米SiO_2按一定质量分数与淀粉调制纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆,并制成浆膜,利用耐磨试验机及ZWICK万能材料试验机分别测试浆膜的机械性能,结合AFM、SEM、视频变焦显微镜等分析纳米SiO_2质量分数以及超声波分散时间对浆膜机械性能的影响。结果表明,添加质量分数为3～4%的纳米SiO_2,超声波分散50分钟制成的纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆可以获得较好的浆膜机械性能。
用自制的纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆在浆纱机上对纯棉纱和涤棉纱进行上浆试验,系统测试比较浆纱的各项性能指标,结合SEM、视频变焦显微镜等分析纳米SiO_2对浆纱性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO_2质量分数为3～4%时,浆纱的各项性能表现较好,纳米SiO_2对纯棉纱上浆的作用优于涤棉混纺纱。
对纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆进行物理化学结构分析,通过对纳米SiO_2与淀粉分子间及纤维分子间作用的分析、浆膜的热学性能和热稳定性的分析,探讨纳米SiO_2对淀粉浆料的改性机理。
研究表明,纳米SiO_2对淀粉浆料改性主要是因为纳米SiO_2具有超强的表面活性和独特的三维立体网状结构以及小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应,使其表面的活性羟基极易同淀粉和纱线纤维中的羟基结合,提高了淀粉分子间、纤维分子间、淀粉与纤维分子间的作用力,大大增加了淀粉胶层的内聚强度,增强了淀粉本身的内聚力和浆液对纤维的粘附力,有效改善了淀粉浆液的成膜性和对纤维的粘附性。适量的纳米SiO_2以纳米级粒径均匀分散在淀粉浆液中,可使淀粉浆料的浆膜和浆纱性能得以改善。
In order to improve the deficient sizing properties of the traditional starch, the starch was modified by SiO_2 Nanoparticles, which own the special structure and performance. Also, the interaction mechanism of the effect of SiO_2 Nanoparticles on the properties of starch film and the sizing performance of starch was investigated.
The dispersion method、the sort and consistency of the dispersants were optimized by experiments. It is an effective method that 3% sodium hexametahposphate was added as a dispersant using ultrasonic wave cleaner to disperse the SiO_2 Nanoparticles. And the dispersion properties were analyzed with the dispersion efficiency、particle diameter in the dispersed liquid and the surface traits of the dispersed liquid. At the same time, its stability was discussed.
The certain proportion dispersed SiO_2 was added into the starch films to prepare the SiO_2 nanoparticles modified starch. The mechanical properties of these films were measured by a wear tester and a universal material testing machine. The influences of SiO_2 Nanoparticles quality fraction and the its dispersion time on the mechanical properties of the films were analyzed by the Atom Force Microscope, Scanning Electronic Microscope, and High Magnification Optical Microscope and so on. The results showed that the best mechanical properties of composite film were achieved when the quality fraction of SiO_2 Nanoparticles for the 3 to 4 percent was in the composite sizing and ultrasonic intermittently dispersed 50 minutes.
Using the self-made SiO_2 Nanoparticles/starch slashed the cotton yarn and T/C yarn by a sizing machine, each performance of the slashed yarns systematically was tested and the influence of the SiO_2 Nanoparticles on the performance of the slashed yarns was analyzed by the Scanning Electronic Microscope, the High Magnification Optical Microscope and so on. The results showed that the slashed yarns had the best performances when the SiO_2 Nanoparticles content was 3% to 4% and the cotton yarn gained the advantage over the T/C yarns.
The physical and chemical structure of the SiO_2 Nanoparticles/starch films was analyzed by investigating the influence of SiO_2 Nanoparticles on the acting force between the starch molecules and fiber molecules, and the thermal properties、thermal stability of the films. The mechanism about SiO_2 Nanoparticles modified starch was also discussed
It showed that SiO_2 Nanoparticles modified starch mainly may due to its super surface activity, unique three-dimensional network structure and the small size effect and macro-quantum tunneling effect, which made its surface active hydroxyl easily combined with the hydroxyl existed in the starch and fibre surface. It increased acting force existed in the starch intermolecular, interfibrous, starch and fibre midst, which improved effectively the performance of starch and cellulose fibre and enhanced cohesive strength of the glue starch film、its cohesion and adhesive force significantly. It also improved the starch film forming and its adhesiveness effectively. It played an active part in starch sizing improvement and the slashed yarn's performance when an adequate quality of SiO_2 Nanoparticles dispersed uniformly in the starch.
通过实验优选了纳米SiO_2的分散方法以及选用分散剂的种类和浓度,确定了添加质量分数为3%的六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂,用超声波对纳米SiO_2进行有效分散的方法,并用分散效率、分散液中纳米SiO_2的粒径、分散液的表面性状等表征分散效果,同时讨论了分散液的稳定性。
将分散后的纳米SiO_2按一定质量分数与淀粉调制纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆,并制成浆膜,利用耐磨试验机及ZWICK万能材料试验机分别测试浆膜的机械性能,结合AFM、SEM、视频变焦显微镜等分析纳米SiO_2质量分数以及超声波分散时间对浆膜机械性能的影响。结果表明,添加质量分数为3～4%的纳米SiO_2,超声波分散50分钟制成的纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆可以获得较好的浆膜机械性能。
用自制的纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆在浆纱机上对纯棉纱和涤棉纱进行上浆试验,系统测试比较浆纱的各项性能指标,结合SEM、视频变焦显微镜等分析纳米SiO_2对浆纱性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO_2质量分数为3～4%时,浆纱的各项性能表现较好,纳米SiO_2对纯棉纱上浆的作用优于涤棉混纺纱。
对纳米SiO_2改性淀粉浆进行物理化学结构分析,通过对纳米SiO_2与淀粉分子间及纤维分子间作用的分析、浆膜的热学性能和热稳定性的分析,探讨纳米SiO_2对淀粉浆料的改性机理。
研究表明,纳米SiO_2对淀粉浆料改性主要是因为纳米SiO_2具有超强的表面活性和独特的三维立体网状结构以及小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应,使其表面的活性羟基极易同淀粉和纱线纤维中的羟基结合,提高了淀粉分子间、纤维分子间、淀粉与纤维分子间的作用力,大大增加了淀粉胶层的内聚强度,增强了淀粉本身的内聚力和浆液对纤维的粘附力,有效改善了淀粉浆液的成膜性和对纤维的粘附性。适量的纳米SiO_2以纳米级粒径均匀分散在淀粉浆液中,可使淀粉浆料的浆膜和浆纱性能得以改善。
In order to improve the deficient sizing properties of the traditional starch, the starch was modified by SiO_2 Nanoparticles, which own the special structure and performance. Also, the interaction mechanism of the effect of SiO_2 Nanoparticles on the properties of starch film and the sizing performance of starch was investigated.
The dispersion method、the sort and consistency of the dispersants were optimized by experiments. It is an effective method that 3% sodium hexametahposphate was added as a dispersant using ultrasonic wave cleaner to disperse the SiO_2 Nanoparticles. And the dispersion properties were analyzed with the dispersion efficiency、particle diameter in the dispersed liquid and the surface traits of the dispersed liquid. At the same time, its stability was discussed.
The certain proportion dispersed SiO_2 was added into the starch films to prepare the SiO_2 nanoparticles modified starch. The mechanical properties of these films were measured by a wear tester and a universal material testing machine. The influences of SiO_2 Nanoparticles quality fraction and the its dispersion time on the mechanical properties of the films were analyzed by the Atom Force Microscope, Scanning Electronic Microscope, and High Magnification Optical Microscope and so on. The results showed that the best mechanical properties of composite film were achieved when the quality fraction of SiO_2 Nanoparticles for the 3 to 4 percent was in the composite sizing and ultrasonic intermittently dispersed 50 minutes.
Using the self-made SiO_2 Nanoparticles/starch slashed the cotton yarn and T/C yarn by a sizing machine, each performance of the slashed yarns systematically was tested and the influence of the SiO_2 Nanoparticles on the performance of the slashed yarns was analyzed by the Scanning Electronic Microscope, the High Magnification Optical Microscope and so on. The results showed that the slashed yarns had the best performances when the SiO_2 Nanoparticles content was 3% to 4% and the cotton yarn gained the advantage over the T/C yarns.
The physical and chemical structure of the SiO_2 Nanoparticles/starch films was analyzed by investigating the influence of SiO_2 Nanoparticles on the acting force between the starch molecules and fiber molecules, and the thermal properties、thermal stability of the films. The mechanism about SiO_2 Nanoparticles modified starch was also discussed
It showed that SiO_2 Nanoparticles modified starch mainly may due to its super surface activity, unique three-dimensional network structure and the small size effect and macro-quantum tunneling effect, which made its surface active hydroxyl easily combined with the hydroxyl existed in the starch and fibre surface. It increased acting force existed in the starch intermolecular, interfibrous, starch and fibre midst, which improved effectively the performance of starch and cellulose fibre and enhanced cohesive strength of the glue starch film、its cohesion and adhesive force significantly. It also improved the starch film forming and its adhesiveness effectively. It played an active part in starch sizing improvement and the slashed yarn's performance when an adequate quality of SiO_2 Nanoparticles dispersed uniformly in the starch.
引文
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1.张美珍.聚合物研究方法[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:7-29
2.康青.红外辐射材料的研究现状与发展趋势[J].材料导报,1996(2):46-47
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4.卢涌泉,邓振华.实用红外光谱解析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1989:8
5.张翼,杨颙.氢键研究进展[J].化学教育,2002(2):7-9
6.Laperre J.Nanotechnology for Textile production[J].Textile Asia,2002,(8):23-27
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9.H.C.Swart,E.D.van Hattum,W.M.Arnoldbik,and F.H.P.M.Habraken.Comparison of SiOx structure in RF sputtered samples[J].phys,stat.sol.2004,1(9):2286-2291
10.汪辉,黄欣,赵谦.纳米气相SiO_2在液体介质中的分散研究[J].玻璃纤维,2003(3):7-10
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12.姚穆.纺织材料学[M].中国纺织出版社,2001(4)
13.吴敏,王萌.纳米SiO2的分散对淀粉浆膜力学性能的影响[J].纺织学报,2007,28(2):60-63
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15.Tang Fengqiu,Huang Xiaoxian,Zhang Yufeng,et al.Effect of sispersants on surface chemical properties of nano-zirconia suspensions[J].Ceramics International,2000,26:93-97
16.CUI Hongmei,LIU Hong,WANG Ji-yang,LI Xia,HAN Feng.Agglomeration and Disperasion of Nano-scale Powders.[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2004,28(8):38-41
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