无线传感器网络数据传输及安全技术研究
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摘要
因其在军事和民用上的广泛应用,无线传感器网络成为研究的热点问题。传感器网络直接监测物理世界,将改变人与自然的交互方式,使逻辑上的信息世界与真实的物理世界紧密结合。由于节点资源严格受限,网络容易受到各种攻击,传感器网络数据传输及其安全技术面临巨大挑战。本文研究从节点部署到网络业务提供过程中涉及到的传感器网络数据传输及其安全技术,内容包括:传感器网络拓扑控制、数据协作传输和压缩方式、广播认证协议、时间同步数据过滤算法、访问控制技术、接入Internet方式、业务提供方式。主要研究成果有:
1.研究传感器网络拓扑控制方式,解决簇节点分布不均匀问题。首先研究基于栅格的传感器节点部署方式和节点功率控制方式,保证节点部署均匀,平衡网络连通度和能量消耗;在此基础上,对LEACH算法进行改进,提出GCVD拓扑控制方法。
2.研究传感器网络簇内协作数据压缩传输方式,减少网络总能量消耗,平衡节点能量消耗。利用簇内存在大量冗余数据和无线传输的广播特性,提出基于剩余能量的协作广播数据压缩策略。
3.研究传感器网络广播认证协议,提出更适合具体应用场景的多基站传感器网络广播认证协议MMμTESLA。为了抵抗DoS、DoM、认证延迟和虚假消息攻击,对MMμTESLA协议进行扩展,提出RDS-μTESLA、RDM-μTESLA、RAD-μTESLA和RFM-μTESLA协议。和μTESLA一样,MMμTESLA对时间同步要求较高,分析FTSP,设计基于线性回归的传感器网络时间同步数据过滤算法。
4.研究传感器网络业务提供的访问控制方式,提出基于单向hash链的传感器网络访问控制方式。引入Merkle哈希树,对此访问控制方式进行扩展,增加其可扩展性,并减少节点存储开销。为了抵抗用户捕获攻击,提出用户访问能力撤销方式。
5.研究传感器网络接入Internet技术,解决传感器网络向Internet用户提供服务的问题。首先提出传感器网络接入Internet体系结构,设计WSN-Internet网关,并实现传感器网络和Internet之间的数据包转换。然后利用网络中间件思想,提出传感器网络服务提供方式。
Wireless sensor networks have drawn much attention due to their wide applications in military and civilian operations. Detecting physical world directly, sensor networks will change the interaction between men and nature so that the logic information can be linked closely with the real physical world. However, sensor network data transmission and its security face great challenges due to the resource constrains on sensor nodes and the node compromise attacks. This dissertation makes a deep research on data transmission and its security techniques from deploying nodes to providing network services, which includes: sensor network topology control, data collaborative transmission and compression mode, broadcast authentication protocol, time-sync data filter algorithm, access control techniques, Internet connected methods and service providing methods. The main results are as following:
1. Methods for sensor network topology control are studied to solve the problem of the uneven distribution of the sensor nodes. First, grid-based node deployment and node power control are investigated so that nodes are deployed evenly, and the network connectivity and the energy consumption are balanced. Based on this, LEACH is improved and GCVD topology control scheme is proposed.
2. The collaborative data transmission mode is studied, by which the energy consumption in networks is reduced and the energy consumption on nodes is balanced. By a lot of redundant data in clusters and the data broadcast feature of wireless transmission, a collaborative broadcasting data compression strategy is proposed based on residual energy.
3. Sensor network broadcast authentication protocols are studied, and MMμTESLA is proposed, a broadcast authentication protocol for multi-base station sensor networks, which is more applicable to a particular operation. To resist the attacks from DoS, DoM, authentication deday and false messages, MMμTESLA is extended to RDS-μTESLA, RDM-μTESLA, RAD-μTESLA and RFM-μTESLA. MMμTESLA requires high time synchronization asμTESLA, so FSTP is analysed and a linear regression time-sync data filter algorithm for sensor networks is designed.
4. The access control schemes for sensor network services are developed to a one way hash chain based access control scheme. Then Merkle hash tree is introduced to extend the capabilities of this access control scheme so that the node storage costs are reduced. Besides, to resist the attacks from user compromised, a withdrawal method of users' access ability is presented.
5. The technique of connecting Internet into sensor networks is studied to solve the problems in providing services by sensor networks for Internet users. First, the architecture of connecting Internet into sensor networks is provided, WSN-Internet gateway is designed, and the data package conversion between sensor networks and Internet are realized. Then with the middleware, scheme of providing network services is suggested.
1.研究传感器网络拓扑控制方式,解决簇节点分布不均匀问题。首先研究基于栅格的传感器节点部署方式和节点功率控制方式,保证节点部署均匀,平衡网络连通度和能量消耗;在此基础上,对LEACH算法进行改进,提出GCVD拓扑控制方法。
2.研究传感器网络簇内协作数据压缩传输方式,减少网络总能量消耗,平衡节点能量消耗。利用簇内存在大量冗余数据和无线传输的广播特性,提出基于剩余能量的协作广播数据压缩策略。
3.研究传感器网络广播认证协议,提出更适合具体应用场景的多基站传感器网络广播认证协议MMμTESLA。为了抵抗DoS、DoM、认证延迟和虚假消息攻击,对MMμTESLA协议进行扩展,提出RDS-μTESLA、RDM-μTESLA、RAD-μTESLA和RFM-μTESLA协议。和μTESLA一样,MMμTESLA对时间同步要求较高,分析FTSP,设计基于线性回归的传感器网络时间同步数据过滤算法。
4.研究传感器网络业务提供的访问控制方式,提出基于单向hash链的传感器网络访问控制方式。引入Merkle哈希树,对此访问控制方式进行扩展,增加其可扩展性,并减少节点存储开销。为了抵抗用户捕获攻击,提出用户访问能力撤销方式。
5.研究传感器网络接入Internet技术,解决传感器网络向Internet用户提供服务的问题。首先提出传感器网络接入Internet体系结构,设计WSN-Internet网关,并实现传感器网络和Internet之间的数据包转换。然后利用网络中间件思想,提出传感器网络服务提供方式。
Wireless sensor networks have drawn much attention due to their wide applications in military and civilian operations. Detecting physical world directly, sensor networks will change the interaction between men and nature so that the logic information can be linked closely with the real physical world. However, sensor network data transmission and its security face great challenges due to the resource constrains on sensor nodes and the node compromise attacks. This dissertation makes a deep research on data transmission and its security techniques from deploying nodes to providing network services, which includes: sensor network topology control, data collaborative transmission and compression mode, broadcast authentication protocol, time-sync data filter algorithm, access control techniques, Internet connected methods and service providing methods. The main results are as following:
1. Methods for sensor network topology control are studied to solve the problem of the uneven distribution of the sensor nodes. First, grid-based node deployment and node power control are investigated so that nodes are deployed evenly, and the network connectivity and the energy consumption are balanced. Based on this, LEACH is improved and GCVD topology control scheme is proposed.
2. The collaborative data transmission mode is studied, by which the energy consumption in networks is reduced and the energy consumption on nodes is balanced. By a lot of redundant data in clusters and the data broadcast feature of wireless transmission, a collaborative broadcasting data compression strategy is proposed based on residual energy.
3. Sensor network broadcast authentication protocols are studied, and MMμTESLA is proposed, a broadcast authentication protocol for multi-base station sensor networks, which is more applicable to a particular operation. To resist the attacks from DoS, DoM, authentication deday and false messages, MMμTESLA is extended to RDS-μTESLA, RDM-μTESLA, RAD-μTESLA and RFM-μTESLA. MMμTESLA requires high time synchronization asμTESLA, so FSTP is analysed and a linear regression time-sync data filter algorithm for sensor networks is designed.
4. The access control schemes for sensor network services are developed to a one way hash chain based access control scheme. Then Merkle hash tree is introduced to extend the capabilities of this access control scheme so that the node storage costs are reduced. Besides, to resist the attacks from user compromised, a withdrawal method of users' access ability is presented.
5. The technique of connecting Internet into sensor networks is studied to solve the problems in providing services by sensor networks for Internet users. First, the architecture of connecting Internet into sensor networks is provided, WSN-Internet gateway is designed, and the data package conversion between sensor networks and Internet are realized. Then with the middleware, scheme of providing network services is suggested.
引文
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