高分辨率低功耗浅层地震勘探仪器的研究与实现
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摘要
浅层地震勘探方法是一种工程、水文和环境物探方法中最重要和最常用的方法之一,其面临突出难题是在干扰严重环境下解决浅而小地质构造问题,要解决此问题关键是提高地震记录分辨率实现精确勘探。然而,分辨率是一种综合性、系统性概念,其贯穿整个勘探过程。因此,要实现高分辨率浅层地震勘探,仍然有许多理论和技术问题需要研究和解决。
本文综合运用地震勘探、系统工程、信号分析、传感器、数据采集系统、嵌入式系统和数字信号处理等理论和技术方法,在国家中小企业创新资金支持下,以地震记录分辨率为中心内容,以浅层地震仪器为主要研究对象,深入系统地分析研究了地震记录分辨率分析方法、地震仪器分辨率分析方法、低功耗高分辨率浅层地震仪基于平台设计方法和基于平台的矿井浅层地震仪产品开发,取得如下主要结果:
1.提出基于时间分辨率和振幅分辨率的地震记录分辨率分析方法,利用此方法可比较容易从理论上分析影响地震记录分辨率的关键因素,有针对性地提出相应的解决方法,并为高分辨率浅层地震勘探仪器产品开发提供理论基础。
2.提出基于动态范围和频率特性的地震仪器分辨率分析方法,利用此方法可有效地解决浅层地震仪器分辨率分析问题,并为高分辨率浅层地震仪器产品开发提供技术基础。
3.提出浅层地震仪基于平台设计方法,此方法具有先进性、科学性、实用性、高效性、灵活性、可裁剪性、可维护性、可扩展性和可升级性。利用此方法不仅可开发出低功耗、高分辨率浅层地震勘探仪器产品,而且还可以彻底根除基于器件设计方法所带来的种种弊端,同时还可为高分辨率浅层地震勘探仪器系列产品高效开发提供技术保证。
4.开发出两款低功耗高分辨率矿井浅层地震仪产品——矿井地质探测仪和矿井巷道超前探测仪,通过现场试验验证,其可有效地解决煤矿井下巷道四周浅层地质小构造(如断层)勘探和煤层厚度探测问题,仪器性能和功能达到或超过国内同类产品水平,且仪器的功耗(≤4W)小于国内外先进的高分辨率浅层地震仪产品。
Shallow seismic exploration methods are one of the most important and popular geophysics methods in engineering, hydrogeology, and environment exploration. It confronted the vital question of being the detection of shallow and small underground structure under grave interference background. The key to solve this issue depend on advancing seismic record resolution and realizing exactitude survey. However, the resolution is a synthetic and systemic concept that impenetrate full survey. Therefore, many theoretic and technical problems should be dealt with for higher resolution in the shallow seismic exploration.
In this paper, focusing on the seismic record resolution and taking the shallow seismic instruments as research subjects, through the integrated application of several kind theories and technologies including seismic survey, systems engineering, signal analysis, sensor, data acquisition system, embedded system, digital signal processing and so on, there's a thorough and systemic research on the resolution analysis methods of seismic records and seismic instruments, the platform-based design methodology for low-power & high-resolution shallow seismograph, and the product development base on platform for mine shallow seismograph. As follows:
1. We put forward to the analysis method of seismic record resolution based on time-resolution and amplitude resolution. By using the method, the key factors of influencing seismic record resolution can be easily analyzed theoretically, and the corresponding solution can be put forward. It provides theoretical foundation for product development of high-resolution shallow seismic exploration instrument.
2. We put forward to the analysis method of seismic instrument resolution based on dynamic ranges and frequency characteristics. With the method, the resolution analysis problem of shallow seismic instrument can be solved effectively. It offers technical basis for product development of high-resolution shallow seismic instrument.
3. We put forward to the platform-based design methodology for seismic seismograph. The methodology has the advantages of advancement, scientificalness, practicability, high effectiveness, flexibility, tailorable ability, maintainability, extensibility and scalability. By using the method, we can not only develop the low-power & high resolution product of shallow seismic exploration instrument, but also eradicate the various drawbacks brought out by the device-based design method. It offers technical guarantee for the series products development of high-resolution shallow seismic exploration instrument.
4. We developed two kinds of new products for low-power and high-resolution mine shallow seismograph, mine geology detector and mine tunnel predictor. By field experimental verification, they can solve effectively the detecting problem of small geological structure and coal seam thickness around underground coal mine tunnel. Their performance and function of reached or exceeded the level of domestic similar products, and their power consumption (≤4W) is lower than the advanced high-resolution shallow seismographs at home and abroad.
本文综合运用地震勘探、系统工程、信号分析、传感器、数据采集系统、嵌入式系统和数字信号处理等理论和技术方法,在国家中小企业创新资金支持下,以地震记录分辨率为中心内容,以浅层地震仪器为主要研究对象,深入系统地分析研究了地震记录分辨率分析方法、地震仪器分辨率分析方法、低功耗高分辨率浅层地震仪基于平台设计方法和基于平台的矿井浅层地震仪产品开发,取得如下主要结果:
1.提出基于时间分辨率和振幅分辨率的地震记录分辨率分析方法,利用此方法可比较容易从理论上分析影响地震记录分辨率的关键因素,有针对性地提出相应的解决方法,并为高分辨率浅层地震勘探仪器产品开发提供理论基础。
2.提出基于动态范围和频率特性的地震仪器分辨率分析方法,利用此方法可有效地解决浅层地震仪器分辨率分析问题,并为高分辨率浅层地震仪器产品开发提供技术基础。
3.提出浅层地震仪基于平台设计方法,此方法具有先进性、科学性、实用性、高效性、灵活性、可裁剪性、可维护性、可扩展性和可升级性。利用此方法不仅可开发出低功耗、高分辨率浅层地震勘探仪器产品,而且还可以彻底根除基于器件设计方法所带来的种种弊端,同时还可为高分辨率浅层地震勘探仪器系列产品高效开发提供技术保证。
4.开发出两款低功耗高分辨率矿井浅层地震仪产品——矿井地质探测仪和矿井巷道超前探测仪,通过现场试验验证,其可有效地解决煤矿井下巷道四周浅层地质小构造(如断层)勘探和煤层厚度探测问题,仪器性能和功能达到或超过国内同类产品水平,且仪器的功耗(≤4W)小于国内外先进的高分辨率浅层地震仪产品。
Shallow seismic exploration methods are one of the most important and popular geophysics methods in engineering, hydrogeology, and environment exploration. It confronted the vital question of being the detection of shallow and small underground structure under grave interference background. The key to solve this issue depend on advancing seismic record resolution and realizing exactitude survey. However, the resolution is a synthetic and systemic concept that impenetrate full survey. Therefore, many theoretic and technical problems should be dealt with for higher resolution in the shallow seismic exploration.
In this paper, focusing on the seismic record resolution and taking the shallow seismic instruments as research subjects, through the integrated application of several kind theories and technologies including seismic survey, systems engineering, signal analysis, sensor, data acquisition system, embedded system, digital signal processing and so on, there's a thorough and systemic research on the resolution analysis methods of seismic records and seismic instruments, the platform-based design methodology for low-power & high-resolution shallow seismograph, and the product development base on platform for mine shallow seismograph. As follows:
1. We put forward to the analysis method of seismic record resolution based on time-resolution and amplitude resolution. By using the method, the key factors of influencing seismic record resolution can be easily analyzed theoretically, and the corresponding solution can be put forward. It provides theoretical foundation for product development of high-resolution shallow seismic exploration instrument.
2. We put forward to the analysis method of seismic instrument resolution based on dynamic ranges and frequency characteristics. With the method, the resolution analysis problem of shallow seismic instrument can be solved effectively. It offers technical basis for product development of high-resolution shallow seismic instrument.
3. We put forward to the platform-based design methodology for seismic seismograph. The methodology has the advantages of advancement, scientificalness, practicability, high effectiveness, flexibility, tailorable ability, maintainability, extensibility and scalability. By using the method, we can not only develop the low-power & high resolution product of shallow seismic exploration instrument, but also eradicate the various drawbacks brought out by the device-based design method. It offers technical guarantee for the series products development of high-resolution shallow seismic exploration instrument.
4. We developed two kinds of new products for low-power and high-resolution mine shallow seismograph, mine geology detector and mine tunnel predictor. By field experimental verification, they can solve effectively the detecting problem of small geological structure and coal seam thickness around underground coal mine tunnel. Their performance and function of reached or exceeded the level of domestic similar products, and their power consumption (≤4W) is lower than the advanced high-resolution shallow seismographs at home and abroad.
引文
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