以银翘药对为对象探讨建立中药药效物质快速发现的方法
|
摘要
金银花为忍冬科植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thunb.的干燥花蕾或带初开的花,连翘为木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspense(Thunb.)Vahl的干燥果实,二者均为常用清热解毒中药。金银花清热解毒,偏于上半身之热;而连翘清热解毒,散结消肿,便于透达全身之热。二药配伍,清热解毒力量倍增,流通气血以消肿散结止痛,且银翘药对是临床上公认的常用有效药对。
所以本课题在总结前人研究工作的基础之上,以银翘药对为示范性研究对象,探讨建立适宜于复杂体系——中药或中药复方的药效物质基础快速发现的方法。该模式的核心思想是:建立在“入血成分才可能是药效成分”的基础之上,通过比较研究银翘药对在大鼠肠管外翻模型中的吸收成分和其在大鼠体内入血成分之间的相关关系,从而采用体外吸收模型来替代整体动物模型的可行性研究,达到初步建立快速、简便和低成本的药效物质基础快速发现的方法。
围绕着本课题核心思想,对银翘药对的主要药效作用,银翘药对有效部位体内外过程,金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材配伍后的化学成分变化和体内外过程,金银花、连翘、银翘药对药材煎煮过程的化学成分变化、银翘药对水溶性化学成分研究等进行了较系统的研究,以期探讨建立适宜于复杂体系——中药或中药复方的药效物质基础快速发现的方法,初步揭示银翘药对可能的药效物质基础,为对银翘药对进行有效和科学的质量控制提供部分依据。
在药效学方面,采用巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和酵母致大鼠发热模型筛选金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例的抗炎解热作用,试验结果表明:银翘药对的抗炎解热作用均优于单味药金银花和连翘,在银翘药对药材不同的配伍比例中,银翘药对1:1的抗炎解热作用优于银翘药对药材的其它配伍比例。在得到银翘药对药材最佳配伍比例的基础上,采用巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和酵母致大鼠发热模型筛选银翘药对1:1,其大孔树脂水洗部位和乙醇洗部位的抗炎解热作用,试验结果表明:银翘药对1:1的大孔树脂乙醇洗脱部位的抗炎解热作用优于其水洗部位,且优于原药(银翘药对药材1:1)。
在得到银翘药对有效部位之后,本论文以银翘药对有效部位为研究对象,初步探讨建立了适宜于复杂体系——中药或中药复方的药效物质基础快速发现的方法。主要包括了以下内容:银翘药对有效部位在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收,结果发现:Caco-2细胞吸收模型所提供的信息量相对较少。为了得到更多的信息,采用大鼠肠管外翻模型来研究银翘药对有效部位的吸收,结果发现:大鼠肠管外翻模型能吸收银翘药对有效部位中的主要色谱峰。为了说明直接采用大鼠肠管外翻模型来研究银翘药对的合理性,将银翘药对直接灌胃后,不同时间点取在体大鼠胃液和肠液样品进行HPLC-DAD分析,结果发现:银翘药对在大鼠灌胃后,在胃肠液中没有新的主要色谱峰产生或消失,说明直接采用大鼠肠管外翻模型来研究银翘药对有效部位的吸收是可行的。为了探讨银翘药对的药效物质基础,研究了银翘药对有效部位的入血成分,试验结果发现:银翘药对有效部位的主要入血成分与大鼠肠管外翻模型中的主要吸收成分一致。为了进一步验证银翘药对的药效物质基础,研究了银翘药对有效部位在大鼠组织脏器中的分布,结果发现银翘药对主要在心和肺中有分布,且心肺中分布的主要色谱峰与大鼠肠外翻吸收模型中的主要吸收成分一致。综合上面的试验结果可知:银翘药对的药效物质基础可能是入血成分中的主要色谱峰,银翘药对有效部位的主要入血成分与肠外翻模型中的主要吸收成分一致,说明以银翘药对为研究对象,初步建立了采用体外吸收模型来替代整体动物模型的可行性研究,达到了初步建立快速、简便和低成本的药效物质基础快速发现的方法,给中药或中药复方质量控制提供了一定的依据。
在建立该药效物质基础快速发现的方法之后,研究了金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例的样品在大鼠肠管外翻模型中的吸收,试验结果发现:在大鼠肠管外翻模型中,金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例样品的主要色谱峰都能吸收进入小肠段,在吸收过程中并没有主要成分的产生或消失,证明了上述所建立的药效物质基础快速发现方法的技术适应性,同时也说明了主要色谱峰之间的比例关系影响银翘药对的药效物质基础。
因此接下来对金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例样品在人工胃肠液中进行了孵育,结果发现:经人工胃液和人工肠液孵育后的金银花、连翘及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例样品的主要色谱峰都能在相应的药材样品中找到归属,在孵育过程中并没有量大成分的产生或消失,但经人工肠液孵育后样品的主要色谱峰面积均高于经人工胃液孵育后相应样品的相应色谱峰面积,说明人工胃肠液能够影响样品中主要色谱峰的比例。
为了深入探讨银翘药对的药效物质基础,富集主要药效成分的量,接下来研究了银翘药对水溶性化学成分。首先采用HPLC-DAD研究金银花、连翘和银翘药对1:1之间的化学成分差异,试验结果表明:银翘药对1:1中的主要色谱峰都能归属到单味金银花和连翘中,并没有明显的新色谱峰产生和消失,提示可以通过研究单味药金银花和连翘的水溶性化学成分来实现银翘药对的水溶性化学成分研究。因此,接下来对单味药金银花和连翘的水溶性成分进行了研究。采用溶剂法和各种色谱分离技术,对金银花、连翘的水溶性成分进行了较为系统的研究。从金银花中分离得到16个化合物,鉴定了16个化合物,包括6个环烯醚萜苷,5个三萜皂苷,2个黄酮、3个其它类。其中3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopy-ranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosylester和3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[α-L-rham-nopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylo-pyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid为新化合物;2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyl-2,7-diene-1-octyl alcohol glucopyranoside为首次从该属植物中分离得到;獐芽菜苷,loganin和centauroside为首次从该种中分离得到。从连翘水煎剂中分离得到了18个化合物,鉴定了15个,包括4个木脂素类、3个有机酸类、2个黄酮、其它类6个其中吴茱萸次碱为首次从该属植物中分离得到。
本研究是在中医药学理论和实践的指导下,将天然药物化学、分析化学、药理学、药代动力学等手段相结合,研究了银翘药对的主要药效、配伍变化、化学成分以及体内外过程,初步阐明银翘药对的可能药效物质基础,为中药或中药复方的药效物质基础研究模式提供了很好的参照方法和思路,为中药现代化做了有意义的探索性和创新性工作。
Flos Lonicerae is the dried flower and bud of Lonicera japonica used as a Chinese herb in clinics.Fructus Forsythiae is one kind of traditional Chinese medicine which was officially recorded by every version of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.It was the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.) Vah1.Both of them have the bioactivities of heat-clearing and detoxicating,debugging wind-heat.The Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae is a traditional compatibility in Chinese medicine clinics.
Therefore,in this dissertation,the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was used as a case study to find an appropriate and quick method for enclosing the effective chemical substances of the complexity in Chinese herb medicines.
The core ideas of the method is as follows:on the basis of hypothesis "the constituents absorbed into blood may be the effective constituents in Chinese medicine".The correlation of the constituents absorbed into intestines in the model of rat everted gut sac and the constituents in the blood should be studied,the feasibility study of in vitro absorptive model to replace the whole animal model was done,then the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs was established initially.
Surrounding the core of the issue,the main pharmacodynamics functions of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the process in vivo and in vitro of the effective fraction of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the chemical compositions and the process in vivo and vitro and decoction of Flos Lonicerae,Lonicera japonica,and the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae and the water soluble chemical constituents of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were all studied.Then the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs was established initially to reveal the possible pharmacodynamic ingredients of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae and to provide some basis of for the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae in quality control.
In pharmacodynamics aspect,the anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective of Lonicera japonica,Forsythia suspense and the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied on the basis of the experiment results of the mice's auricular inflammation model by croton oil and rat's fabricant model by yeast fungus.The result showed that the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae are better than single Lonicera japonica and Forsythia suspense,and the proportion 1/1 of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae is better than other proportion in anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective.After that,the anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae(1:1),fractions eluted with water and ethyl alcohol on macroporous resin were studied too by the same models, and the result showed that fraction eluted with ethyl alcohol on macro-porous resin is better than that eluted with water on macro-porous resin and itself in anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective.
After getting the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,a fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs is probed with the effective fraction.Main parts has been included as follows.The absorption of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was studied in the Caco-2 cell model,and the result showed that the relative little information is provided by the Caco-2 cell model. Then in order to obtain much more information,the absorption of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was also studied in the model of rat everted gut sac.The results showed that almost all the mainly chromatographic peaks could be absorbed in this model and no components were created or disappeared.After that,in order to explain the rationality directly of using the model of rat everted gut sac,the rat gastric juice and the intestinal juices samples were analyzed on HPLC-DAD after oral ministration of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.The findings indicated that no new main chromatographic peaks is generated or vanished in rat gastrointestinal fluid which explained the rationality directly using the model of rat everted gut sac to study the absorptive components of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.So as to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the ingredients of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae entered blood were studied.The result discovered that the main ingredients entered blood are consistent with the absorptive ingredients in the model of rat everted gut sac as the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.Then in order to confirm further the pharmacodynamic ingredients of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the internal organic distributions in rat of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied.The result showed that the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was distributed in heart and lung,and the main ingredients in heart and lung are consistent with the absorptive ingredients in the model of rat everted gut sac as the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.According the above results,the pharmacodynamic ingredients of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae are the main ingredients entered blood,and the main ingredients entered blood are consistent with the absorptive ingredients in the model of rat everted gut sac as the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.Therefore,we can educed that a fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs is established initially to reveal the possible pharmacodynamic ingredients of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae and to provide some basis of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae in quality control.
After the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs was established,the absorption of Flos Lonicerae,Fructus Forsythiae and the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae is also studied in the model of rat everted gut sac.The findings showed that almost all the mainly chromatographic peaks could be absorbed and no components were created or disappeared which proved the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs to be feasible and suggested that the proportion of pharmacodynamic ingredients can affected the pharmacodynamic effect of the couple herbs.
Then the samples of Flos Lonicerae,Fructus Forsythiae and the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were also incubated in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice and were quantitative using HPLC.The results showed that almost all the mainly chromatographic peaks could be detected during incubation and no components were created or disappeared.It was showed that all the components in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice with different proportion compatibility in incubation could not be pertained to found any obvious changes.And no components were created or disappeared during incubating.But the contents of mainly components in artificial intestinal juice were higher than that in artificial gastric juice which indicated that artificial intestinal juice and artificial gastric juice can affect the proportion of pharmacodynamic ingredients.
In order to discuss thoroughly the pharmacodynamic ingredients and concentrate the quantity of the main pharmacodynamic ingredients,the water soluble chemical constituents of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied.Firstly,the difference in chemical constituents of Flos Lonicerae,Fructus Forsythiae and the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were analyzed by HPLC-DAD.The result showed that the main chromatograph peaks from the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae can be attributed to the single Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,no obvious new chromatographic peaks were produced or vanished which suggested that the chemical constituents of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae can be studied through the simple Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.So the water soluble chemical constituents of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were separated and purified by various chromatographic methods.16 compounds from Flos Lonicerae were obtained and identified by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques including 6 iridoid glycosides,5 triterpenoid saponins,2 flavonoids and 3 others. 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[α-L-rham-nopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid are two new compounds,2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyl-2,7-diene-1-octyl alcohol glucopyranoside was separated firstly from the Lonicera and sweroside, loganin and centauroside were isolated firstly from Flos Lonicerae.18 compounds from Fructus Forsythiae were obtained and 16 of them were identified by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques including 4 lignans,3 organic acids,2 flavonoids and 6 others.Rutaecarpine was separated firstly from the Forsythia.
Under the guidance of theory and clinical practice of TCM,utilizing the knowledge and technologies of phytochemistry,pharmaceutical analysis, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics,the main pharmacological effects,compatibility, chemical constituents and the process in vivo and in vitro about the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied,the possible pharmacodynamic chemical substances was discussed,research patterns of pharmacodynamic chemical substances for Chinese medicine were established initially which is a explored and innovated research for modernization of Chinese medicine.
所以本课题在总结前人研究工作的基础之上,以银翘药对为示范性研究对象,探讨建立适宜于复杂体系——中药或中药复方的药效物质基础快速发现的方法。该模式的核心思想是:建立在“入血成分才可能是药效成分”的基础之上,通过比较研究银翘药对在大鼠肠管外翻模型中的吸收成分和其在大鼠体内入血成分之间的相关关系,从而采用体外吸收模型来替代整体动物模型的可行性研究,达到初步建立快速、简便和低成本的药效物质基础快速发现的方法。
围绕着本课题核心思想,对银翘药对的主要药效作用,银翘药对有效部位体内外过程,金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材配伍后的化学成分变化和体内外过程,金银花、连翘、银翘药对药材煎煮过程的化学成分变化、银翘药对水溶性化学成分研究等进行了较系统的研究,以期探讨建立适宜于复杂体系——中药或中药复方的药效物质基础快速发现的方法,初步揭示银翘药对可能的药效物质基础,为对银翘药对进行有效和科学的质量控制提供部分依据。
在药效学方面,采用巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和酵母致大鼠发热模型筛选金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例的抗炎解热作用,试验结果表明:银翘药对的抗炎解热作用均优于单味药金银花和连翘,在银翘药对药材不同的配伍比例中,银翘药对1:1的抗炎解热作用优于银翘药对药材的其它配伍比例。在得到银翘药对药材最佳配伍比例的基础上,采用巴豆油致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和酵母致大鼠发热模型筛选银翘药对1:1,其大孔树脂水洗部位和乙醇洗部位的抗炎解热作用,试验结果表明:银翘药对1:1的大孔树脂乙醇洗脱部位的抗炎解热作用优于其水洗部位,且优于原药(银翘药对药材1:1)。
在得到银翘药对有效部位之后,本论文以银翘药对有效部位为研究对象,初步探讨建立了适宜于复杂体系——中药或中药复方的药效物质基础快速发现的方法。主要包括了以下内容:银翘药对有效部位在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收,结果发现:Caco-2细胞吸收模型所提供的信息量相对较少。为了得到更多的信息,采用大鼠肠管外翻模型来研究银翘药对有效部位的吸收,结果发现:大鼠肠管外翻模型能吸收银翘药对有效部位中的主要色谱峰。为了说明直接采用大鼠肠管外翻模型来研究银翘药对的合理性,将银翘药对直接灌胃后,不同时间点取在体大鼠胃液和肠液样品进行HPLC-DAD分析,结果发现:银翘药对在大鼠灌胃后,在胃肠液中没有新的主要色谱峰产生或消失,说明直接采用大鼠肠管外翻模型来研究银翘药对有效部位的吸收是可行的。为了探讨银翘药对的药效物质基础,研究了银翘药对有效部位的入血成分,试验结果发现:银翘药对有效部位的主要入血成分与大鼠肠管外翻模型中的主要吸收成分一致。为了进一步验证银翘药对的药效物质基础,研究了银翘药对有效部位在大鼠组织脏器中的分布,结果发现银翘药对主要在心和肺中有分布,且心肺中分布的主要色谱峰与大鼠肠外翻吸收模型中的主要吸收成分一致。综合上面的试验结果可知:银翘药对的药效物质基础可能是入血成分中的主要色谱峰,银翘药对有效部位的主要入血成分与肠外翻模型中的主要吸收成分一致,说明以银翘药对为研究对象,初步建立了采用体外吸收模型来替代整体动物模型的可行性研究,达到了初步建立快速、简便和低成本的药效物质基础快速发现的方法,给中药或中药复方质量控制提供了一定的依据。
在建立该药效物质基础快速发现的方法之后,研究了金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例的样品在大鼠肠管外翻模型中的吸收,试验结果发现:在大鼠肠管外翻模型中,金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例样品的主要色谱峰都能吸收进入小肠段,在吸收过程中并没有主要成分的产生或消失,证明了上述所建立的药效物质基础快速发现方法的技术适应性,同时也说明了主要色谱峰之间的比例关系影响银翘药对的药效物质基础。
因此接下来对金银花、连翘以及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例样品在人工胃肠液中进行了孵育,结果发现:经人工胃液和人工肠液孵育后的金银花、连翘及银翘药对药材不同配伍比例样品的主要色谱峰都能在相应的药材样品中找到归属,在孵育过程中并没有量大成分的产生或消失,但经人工肠液孵育后样品的主要色谱峰面积均高于经人工胃液孵育后相应样品的相应色谱峰面积,说明人工胃肠液能够影响样品中主要色谱峰的比例。
为了深入探讨银翘药对的药效物质基础,富集主要药效成分的量,接下来研究了银翘药对水溶性化学成分。首先采用HPLC-DAD研究金银花、连翘和银翘药对1:1之间的化学成分差异,试验结果表明:银翘药对1:1中的主要色谱峰都能归属到单味金银花和连翘中,并没有明显的新色谱峰产生和消失,提示可以通过研究单味药金银花和连翘的水溶性化学成分来实现银翘药对的水溶性化学成分研究。因此,接下来对单味药金银花和连翘的水溶性成分进行了研究。采用溶剂法和各种色谱分离技术,对金银花、连翘的水溶性成分进行了较为系统的研究。从金银花中分离得到16个化合物,鉴定了16个化合物,包括6个环烯醚萜苷,5个三萜皂苷,2个黄酮、3个其它类。其中3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopy-ranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosylester和3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[α-L-rham-nopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylo-pyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid为新化合物;2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyl-2,7-diene-1-octyl alcohol glucopyranoside为首次从该属植物中分离得到;獐芽菜苷,loganin和centauroside为首次从该种中分离得到。从连翘水煎剂中分离得到了18个化合物,鉴定了15个,包括4个木脂素类、3个有机酸类、2个黄酮、其它类6个其中吴茱萸次碱为首次从该属植物中分离得到。
本研究是在中医药学理论和实践的指导下,将天然药物化学、分析化学、药理学、药代动力学等手段相结合,研究了银翘药对的主要药效、配伍变化、化学成分以及体内外过程,初步阐明银翘药对的可能药效物质基础,为中药或中药复方的药效物质基础研究模式提供了很好的参照方法和思路,为中药现代化做了有意义的探索性和创新性工作。
Flos Lonicerae is the dried flower and bud of Lonicera japonica used as a Chinese herb in clinics.Fructus Forsythiae is one kind of traditional Chinese medicine which was officially recorded by every version of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.It was the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.) Vah1.Both of them have the bioactivities of heat-clearing and detoxicating,debugging wind-heat.The Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae is a traditional compatibility in Chinese medicine clinics.
Therefore,in this dissertation,the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was used as a case study to find an appropriate and quick method for enclosing the effective chemical substances of the complexity in Chinese herb medicines.
The core ideas of the method is as follows:on the basis of hypothesis "the constituents absorbed into blood may be the effective constituents in Chinese medicine".The correlation of the constituents absorbed into intestines in the model of rat everted gut sac and the constituents in the blood should be studied,the feasibility study of in vitro absorptive model to replace the whole animal model was done,then the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs was established initially.
Surrounding the core of the issue,the main pharmacodynamics functions of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the process in vivo and in vitro of the effective fraction of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the chemical compositions and the process in vivo and vitro and decoction of Flos Lonicerae,Lonicera japonica,and the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae and the water soluble chemical constituents of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were all studied.Then the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs was established initially to reveal the possible pharmacodynamic ingredients of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae and to provide some basis of for the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae in quality control.
In pharmacodynamics aspect,the anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective of Lonicera japonica,Forsythia suspense and the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied on the basis of the experiment results of the mice's auricular inflammation model by croton oil and rat's fabricant model by yeast fungus.The result showed that the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae are better than single Lonicera japonica and Forsythia suspense,and the proportion 1/1 of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae is better than other proportion in anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective.After that,the anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae(1:1),fractions eluted with water and ethyl alcohol on macroporous resin were studied too by the same models, and the result showed that fraction eluted with ethyl alcohol on macro-porous resin is better than that eluted with water on macro-porous resin and itself in anti-inflammatory and antifebric effective.
After getting the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,a fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs is probed with the effective fraction.Main parts has been included as follows.The absorption of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was studied in the Caco-2 cell model,and the result showed that the relative little information is provided by the Caco-2 cell model. Then in order to obtain much more information,the absorption of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was also studied in the model of rat everted gut sac.The results showed that almost all the mainly chromatographic peaks could be absorbed in this model and no components were created or disappeared.After that,in order to explain the rationality directly of using the model of rat everted gut sac,the rat gastric juice and the intestinal juices samples were analyzed on HPLC-DAD after oral ministration of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.The findings indicated that no new main chromatographic peaks is generated or vanished in rat gastrointestinal fluid which explained the rationality directly using the model of rat everted gut sac to study the absorptive components of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.So as to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the ingredients of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae entered blood were studied.The result discovered that the main ingredients entered blood are consistent with the absorptive ingredients in the model of rat everted gut sac as the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.Then in order to confirm further the pharmacodynamic ingredients of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,the internal organic distributions in rat of the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied.The result showed that the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae was distributed in heart and lung,and the main ingredients in heart and lung are consistent with the absorptive ingredients in the model of rat everted gut sac as the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.According the above results,the pharmacodynamic ingredients of Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae are the main ingredients entered blood,and the main ingredients entered blood are consistent with the absorptive ingredients in the model of rat everted gut sac as the effective fraction of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.Therefore,we can educed that a fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs is established initially to reveal the possible pharmacodynamic ingredients of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae and to provide some basis of the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae in quality control.
After the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs was established,the absorption of Flos Lonicerae,Fructus Forsythiae and the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae is also studied in the model of rat everted gut sac.The findings showed that almost all the mainly chromatographic peaks could be absorbed and no components were created or disappeared which proved the fast,simple and low-cost method to find pharmacodynamic ingredients of Chinese herbs to be feasible and suggested that the proportion of pharmacodynamic ingredients can affected the pharmacodynamic effect of the couple herbs.
Then the samples of Flos Lonicerae,Fructus Forsythiae and the different proportional Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were also incubated in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice and were quantitative using HPLC.The results showed that almost all the mainly chromatographic peaks could be detected during incubation and no components were created or disappeared.It was showed that all the components in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice with different proportion compatibility in incubation could not be pertained to found any obvious changes.And no components were created or disappeared during incubating.But the contents of mainly components in artificial intestinal juice were higher than that in artificial gastric juice which indicated that artificial intestinal juice and artificial gastric juice can affect the proportion of pharmacodynamic ingredients.
In order to discuss thoroughly the pharmacodynamic ingredients and concentrate the quantity of the main pharmacodynamic ingredients,the water soluble chemical constituents of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied.Firstly,the difference in chemical constituents of Flos Lonicerae,Fructus Forsythiae and the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were analyzed by HPLC-DAD.The result showed that the main chromatograph peaks from the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae can be attributed to the single Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae,no obvious new chromatographic peaks were produced or vanished which suggested that the chemical constituents of the Herb Couples of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae can be studied through the simple Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae.So the water soluble chemical constituents of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were separated and purified by various chromatographic methods.16 compounds from Flos Lonicerae were obtained and identified by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques including 6 iridoid glycosides,5 triterpenoid saponins,2 flavonoids and 3 others. 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[α-L-rham-nopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid are two new compounds,2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyl-2,7-diene-1-octyl alcohol glucopyranoside was separated firstly from the Lonicera and sweroside, loganin and centauroside were isolated firstly from Flos Lonicerae.18 compounds from Fructus Forsythiae were obtained and 16 of them were identified by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques including 4 lignans,3 organic acids,2 flavonoids and 6 others.Rutaecarpine was separated firstly from the Forsythia.
Under the guidance of theory and clinical practice of TCM,utilizing the knowledge and technologies of phytochemistry,pharmaceutical analysis, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics,the main pharmacological effects,compatibility, chemical constituents and the process in vivo and in vitro about the Herb Couple of Flos Lonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae were studied,the possible pharmacodynamic chemical substances was discussed,research patterns of pharmacodynamic chemical substances for Chinese medicine were established initially which is a explored and innovated research for modernization of Chinese medicine.
引文
[1]王智民,中药药效物质基础的系统研究是中药现代化的关键[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(12):1111.
[2]朱华旭,丁林生,等.白头翁汤汤剂化学成分的分离研究[J].中成药,1999,21(6):313-315.
[3]赵文华,石任兵,刘斌,等.连翘病毒清胶囊抗病毒有效部位化学成分的研究[J].中成药,2005,27(4):449-453.
[4]金芳,孙小燕.当归补血汤配伍比例的比较研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.1995,1(1):33-37.
[5]郭立玮 主编.中药药物动力学方法与应用[M].人民卫生出版社,2002:295.
[6]曹洪欣 王喜军,于友华.中药复方安替威血清药物化学和抗SARS病毒试验研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(3):281-283.
[7]周俊.中药复方—天然组合化学库与多靶作用机理[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,18(2):67.
[8]黄熙.“证治动力学”新假说之理论与实践[J].中医杂志,1997,38(12):745-747.
[9]王智民,杜力军,毕开顺.中药药效评价的“水闸门”法[J].世界科学技术,2000,(05):
[10]薛燕,雷跻九.中药复方霰弹理论—论中药复方现代研究法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996:20.
[11]罗佳波,余林中,谭晓梅.方剂配伍规律研究思路[J].中药药理与临床,1995,15(3):48-49.
[12]曹治权.中药药效物质基础和作用机理研究新进展[J].上海中医药大学学报,2000,14(1):36-40.
[13]郭立玮,金万勤.无机陶瓷膜分离技术对中药药效物质基础研究的意义[J].膜科学与技术,2002,22(4):46-49.
[14]张志琪,张延妮,田振军.药物筛选模型和技术及其在中药活性成分研究中的应用[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(10):907-910.
[1]张永清,王丽萍,等.金银花名称本草考证[J].山东中医药大学学报,1998,22(6):456-457.
[2]唐 苏敬,等:《新修本草》(上册),尚志钧辑校,皖南医学院印,1977:170.
[3]侯士良,赵晶,等.金银花最早出处及药用部位考证[J].中药材,1997,20(11):583.
[4]华碧春,陈齐光.忍冬藤和金银花的本草研究[J].福建中医学院学报,1996,6(1):27-29.
[5]李玉贤,杨怀霞,等.金银花茎叶药用价值概述[J].河南中医药学刊,2000,15(3):23-24.
[6]侯士良,赵晶,等.金银花最早出处及药用部位考证[J].中药材,1997,20(11):583.
[7]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,152.
[8]石钺,石任兵,陆蕴如.我国药用金银花资源、化学成分及药理研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(11):724-727.
[9]徐炳声.中药金银花原植物的研究.药学学报,1979,1(1):23-24.
[10]季雪峰.金银花药理学研究.安徽医药,2003,7(4):311-313.
[11]I wanhas hi H,Negoro Y,I keda A,et al.Inhibation by chlorogenic acid of haematincatalysed retinoic acid 5,6-epoxidation.Journal of Biochemistry[J].1986,239:641-646.
[12]韦藤幼,赵群莉,阮莉娇,等.微波预处理法提取金银花中的绿原酸[J].中成药,2003,25(7):534-537.
[13]邢俊波,李萍,刘云.不同产地、不同物候期金银花中绿原酸的动态变化研究[J].中国药学杂志,2003,38(1):19-21.
[14]景小琪,武雪芬,雷敬卫.金银花枝叶中粗黄酮、无机元素和蛋白质含量测定[J].河南中医,2001,21(4):66-67.
[15]邢俊波,李萍,张重义,等.不同产地金银花挥发油GC-MS的比较分析[J].中草药,2002,33(9):784-785.
[16]黄丽瑛,吕植桢,李继彪,等.中药金银花化学成分的研究[J].中草药,1996,27(11):645.
[17]高玉敏,王名洲,王建平,等.金银花化学成分研究[J].中草药,1995,26(11):568.
[18]娄红祥,郎伟君,吕木坚.金银花水溶性化合物的分离与结构确定[J].中草药,1996,27(4):195.
[21]相婷,吴立军,郑璐,等.西南忍冬花蕾中的两个新三萜皂苷[J].中国药物化学杂志,2000,10(3):215.
[22]陈昌祥,王薇薇,倪伟,等.金银花花蕾中的新三萜皂苷[J].云南植物研究,2000,22(2):201.
[23]贺清辉,田艳艳,李会军,等.红腺忍冬藤茎中环烯醚萜苷类化合物的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(9):656-658.
[24]茅青,贾宪生.黄褐毛忍冬化学成分的研究[J].药学学报,1989,24(4):269.
[25]茅青,曹东,贾宪生.灰毡毛忍冬化学成分的研究[J].药学学报,1993,28(4):273.
[26]李永梅,王天志,王志霄.细毡毛忍冬花蕾化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(1):45.
[27]柴兴云,李萍,唐力英.山银花化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(9):865.
[28]柴兴云,王林,宋越,等.山银花中黄酮成分的研究[J].中国药科大学学报,2004,35(4):299.
[29]张玲,彭广芳,钟方晓,等.山东金银花挥发油的化学成分分析[J].时珍国药研究,1996,7(2):89-91.
[30]邢俊波,李会军,李萍,等.忍冬花蕾化学成分研究[J].中国新药杂志,2002,11(11):856.
[31]柴兴云,李萍,窦静,等.山银花中皂苷成分研究[J].中国天然药物,2004,2(2):83.
[32]李会军,张重义,李萍.忍冬不同药用部位挥发油成分分析[J].中药材,2002,25(7):476-477.
[33]Yahara S,Kobayashi N,Nohara T.Studies on the Triterpenoid Glycosides in Lonicerae Caulis et Folium[J].Shoyakugaku Zasshi.1990,44(4):339.
[34]Ihsan C,Otto S.Secoiridoid glucosides from Lonicera periclymenum[J].Phytochemistry.1984,23(11):2539.
[35]Koichi M,Unko A,Masao K.Caeruleosides A and B,bis-iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea[J].Phytochemistry.1995,39(1):111.
[36]张玲.山东金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].中国药学杂志,1995,30(11):651-653。
[37]侯冬岩,回瑞华,杨梅,等.抗病毒草药金银花的化学成分分析[J].鞍山师范学院学报,2003,5(4):46-48.
[38]Lamberto T,M.Francesca C,Mauro S,et al.Isolation of secoiridoid artifacts from Lonicera japonica[J].Jounal of Natural Products.1995,58(11):1756.
[39]Koichi M,Masao K.An iridoid glucoside from Lonicera caeruea[J].Phytochemistry.1995,40(2):603.
[40]Rie K,Mio I,Yasunori Y,et al.Secoiridoid glycosides from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica[J].Phytochemistry.2000,55:879.
[41]Kun H S,Keun Y J,Hyeun W C,et al.Triterpenoid saponins from the aerial parts of Lonicera japonica[J].Phytochemistry.1994,35(4):1005.
[42]刘家欣,谷宜洁.湘西金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].分析科学学报,1999,15(1):66-69.
[43]S.Kumar,O.P.Sati,V.D.Semwal,et al.Iridoid glycosides from Lonicera quin quelocularis[J],Phyto-chemistry.2000,53:499.
[44]Ting X,Yasuhiro T,Li-jun W,et al.Saponins from Lonicera bournei[J].Phytochemistry.2000,54:795.
[45]Masao K,Noriko M.Flavone glycosides from Lonicera gracilipes var.glan dulosa[J].J.Nat.Prod.1996,59:314.
[46]Masaki K,Hideo K,Daisuke U.Isolation and structure of Korolkoside,a bis -iridoid glucoside from Lonicera korolkovii[J].J.Nat.Prod.2001,64,1090.
[47]Massao K,Noriko K,Yasunori Y.Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species Ⅷ.New Fernane type triterpenoids from the leaves of Lonicera gracili pes var.glandulosa Maxim[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1999,47(5):663.
[48]Noriko M,Masao K.Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species Ⅶ.T hree new polyhyd-ric alcohol glycosides from the leaves of Lonicera guacilipes var.glandulosa Maxim[J].Chem.Phar-m.Bull.1995,43(6):1049.
[49]Norio A,Hideo S,Shin-ichiro S,et al.Kinginoside,a new acyl group carrying iridoid bioside from Lonicera Morrowii[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1993,41(10):1882.
[50]Hideaki K,Masanori K,Kaoru U,et al.Studies on the saponins of Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1988,36(12):4769.
[51]Ihsan C,Otto S.Periclymenosidic acid,a new biosidic ester iridoid glucoside from Lonicera coerulea[J].J.Nat.Prod.1985,48(1):108.
[52]Hideaki K,Masanori K,Akira U.Iridoid glucosides from Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Chem.Ph-arm.Bull.1988,36:3664.
[53]Guido F,Alessandra B,Pier L C,et al.Three new flavonoids and other constituents from Lonicera implexa[J].J.Nat.Prod.1997,60:449.
[54]吴元鎏,方洪钜.金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].化学学报,1980,38(6):573-577.
[55]Bruno D.,Kurt H.Saponins with molluscicidal properties from Lonicera nigra L.[J].Helv.Chim.Acta.1983,66:422.
[56]Ihsan C.,Mohamed F.L.,Otto S..Loganin,loganic acid and periclymenoside,a new biosidic ester iridoid glucoside from Lonicera periclymenum L.(caprifoliaceae)[J].Helv.Chim.Acta.1984,67:160.
[57]Ratan K.CH.,Otto S..Structures of two monoterpene alkaloid glucosides from Lonicera xyloteum L[J].Tetrahedron letters.1981,22:559.
[58]Ratan K.CH.,Otto S..Xylostosidine:the first of a new class of monoterpene alkaloid glycosides from Lonicera xyloteum L[J].Helv.Chim.Acta.1980,63:1045.
[59]张玲.山东金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].时珍国药研究,1996,7(2):89-91.
[60]Koichi M.,Hiromi S.,Takeyoshi I.et al.Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species.ⅩⅦ.New iridoid glycosides of the stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.2002,50(8):1041.
[61]Wie J.K.,Chang K.H.,Hyeun W.CH.,et al.Loniceroside C,an anti-inflammatory saponin from Lonicera japonica[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.2003,51(3):333.
[62]Devi P.,Vijay J.,Rajdev S.,et al.A new secoifidoid glycoside from Lonicera angustifolia[J].Fitoterpia.2000,71:420.
[63]马双成,刘燕,毕培曦,等.金银花药材中抗呼吸道病毒感染的环烯醚萜苷类成分的定量研究[J].药物分析杂志,2006,26(8):1039.
[64]吉力,潘炯光.忍冬挥发油的GC/MS分析[J].中国中药杂志,1990,15(11):680-682.
[65]张玲,彭广芳,单卫华.山东金银花干花及鲜花挥发油成分比较研究[J].西北药学杂志,1998,13(6):249-250.
[66]王天志,李永梅.金银花的研究进展[J].华西药学杂志,2000.15(4):292-298.
[67]时京珍,刘耕陶.黄褐毛忍冬皂苜对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠肝脏毒性的保护作用[J].药学学报,1995,30(4):311.
[68]Jin XH,Ohgami K,Shiratori K,et,al.Effects of blue honeysuckle(Lonicera caerulea L.) extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo[J].Exp Eye Res.2006,82(5):860-867.
[69]Kang OH,Choi YA,Park HJ,Lee JY,et.Inhibition of trypsin-induced mast cell activation by water fraction of Lonicera japonica[J].Arch Pharm Res.2004 Nov;27(11):1141-1146.
[70]Kim JA,Kim DK,Kang OH,Choi YA,et.Inhibitory effect of luteolin on TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production in human colon epithelial cells[J].Int Immunopharmacol.2005 Jan;5(1):209-217.
[71]Song Jin Lee,et al.Anti-inflammatory activity of the major constituents of Lonicera japonical[J].Arch Pharm Res,1995,18(2):133.
[72]李希贤,时常仁.金银花等药抑菌作用的初步观察[J]中华医学杂志,1995,41(10):952.
[73]黄艳英,黄敏,陆中海.金银花炮制的实验研究[J].中药材,1994,17(1):25-26.
[74]叶星沈,王自力,穆祥等.绿原酸对肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞分泌NO和ET-1的影响[J].解剖与临床,2005,10(2):101-103.
[75]王国霞,邹海棠,梅春升等。黄芪、金银花提取物体外抗禽流感病毒的试验研究[J].中兽医学杂志,2005(3):4-6.
[76]葛冰,卢向阳,易克,等.金银花活性成分、药理作用及其应用[J].中国野生植物资源,2004,23(5):13-16.
[77]蟠竞锵.金银花能降低小鼠血糖水平[J].广州医药,1998,29(3):59.
[78]龙盛京,罗佩卓,覃日昌.17种清热中药抗活性氧作用的研究[J].中草药,1999,30(1):40-43.
[79]Wing-Cheung Leung H,Kuo CL,et,al.Antioxidant enzymes activity involvement in luteolin-induced human lung squamous carcinoma CH27 cell apoptosis[J].Eur J Pharmacol.2006.2.7.
[80]Chaudhury RR.The quest for a herbal contraceptive[J].Natl Med J India.1993Sep-Oct;6(5):199-201.
[81]曹采萍,黄正南,钱蓓丽,等.金银花抗生育作用的研究[[J].医药工业,1986,17(3):19-21.
[82]曹采萍,黄正南,颜丹平,等.金银花抗生育作用的研究明[J].医药工业,1986,17(7):31-33.
[83]文窑先.金银花不同炮制品的应用[J].时珍国医国药,2004,15(12):825.
[84]马志琴,宋晓红。甘草金银花煎饮预防大剂量化疗口腔溃疡的临床观察[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2005,14(18):2408-2409.
[85]郁晓群。金银花治疗急性肾盂肾炎60例疗效观察[J].河北中西医结合杂志,1999,8(1):67-68.
[86]孔瑾,叶孟韬,王树宁,等.金银花、黄酒保健饮料的开发与研究[J],河南职技师院学报,2000,28(4):33-34.
[87]Chang WC,Hsu FL.Inhibition of platelet activation and endothelial cell injury by polyphenolic compounds isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.1992 Apr;45(4):307-312.
[88]曹炳章《增订伪药条辨》[M]北京:人民卫生出版社,1960:103.
[89]华碧春,陈齐光.忍冬藤和金银花的本草研究[J].福建中医学院学报,1996,6(1):27-29.
[90]武雪芬,白雁.金银花药用成份的提取及抑菌实验研究[J].中成药,2001,6:448.
[91]黄雄,李萍,张重义,等.HPLC同时分析金银花中绿原酸和黄酮类成分的方法及其应用[J].中国药学杂志,2005.40(10):780-782.
[92]钟方晓.金银花有效成分标准物质的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2004,15(7):394-395.
[93]武雪芬,李玉贤,魏炜,等.金银花越冬老叶有效成分测定[J].中药材,1997,20(1):6-7.
[94]邢俊波,李会军,李萍,等.中药金银花质量标准研究-总黄酮的含量测定[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2002,19(3):169-170.
[1]郭济贤,顺庆生,万立琼等,连翘酯甙在连翘属植物果实中的存在及含量[J].中成药,1990,12(8):29-30.
[2]G.P.De Wolf & R.S.Hebb in Arnoldia 1971,31(1):44.
[3]Kitagawa S,Nishibe S,Benecke R,et al.Lignans of Forsythia leaves;Ⅰ[J].Chem Pharm Bull.1998,36(9):3667-3668.
[4]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,《中国植物志》第六十一卷[M].科学 技术出版社,1992:P42-50.
[5]张云,连翘的一种新混淆品—秦连翘[J].浙江中医学院学报,1997年,21(6):5.
[6]Rahman M A,Dewick P M,Jackson D E,et al.Lignans of Forsythia intermedia [J].Phytochemistry,1990,29(6):1971-1980.
[7]Sansei N.,Kazuko O.,Hiroki T.,Akiyo S.,et al,The structure of Forsythiaside isolated from Forsythia suspensa[J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.1982,30(3):1048-1050.
[8]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiro T.,Toyoko A.,et al,Structure of Forsythoside A,an antibacterial principle of Forsythia suspensa Leaves[J],Heterocycles,1981,16(8):1311-1314.
[9]Young Hae Choi,Jinwoong Kim,Ki-Pung Yoo,High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray Ionization MS-MS analysis of Forsythia Koreana Fruits,Leaves,and Stems.Enhancement of the efficiency of extraction of arctigenin by use of supecritical-fluid extraction[J],Chromatographia 2003,57,January(No.1/2).
[10]Shizuka K.,Sansei N.,Hisae B.,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus" Ⅷ.On isolation of phenylpropanoid glycosides from fruits of Forsythia Koreana and their antibacterial activity[J],Yakugaku zasshi,1987,107(4):274-278.
[11]Sansei N.,Akiyo S.,Shizuka K.,et al,Phenolic compounds from Forsythia Leaves(Ⅲ) On the comprison of constituents between Hybrid and Parents[J],Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1988,42(4):324-328.
[12]Yukio N.,Youichi H.,Kazuyo O.,et al,Phenylethanoid glycosides in the Fruits of Forsythia SPP[J].Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1991,45(4):327-332.
[13]Yukio N.,Youichi H.,Kazuyo O.,et al,Phenylethanoid glycosides in the Leaves of Forsythia SPP[J].Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1992,46(3):254-256.
[14]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiro T.,Toyoko A.,et al,Strucrure of Forsythioside B,an antibacterial principle of Forsythia Koreana stems[J],Heterocycles,1982,19(2):261-264.
[15]Katsuya E.,Hiroshi H.,Structures of Forsythoside C and D,antibacterial principles of Forsythia suspensa fruits[J],Heterocycles,1982,19(11):2033-2036.
[16]Katsuya E.Hiroshi H.,Structures of rengyol,rengyoxide,and rengyolone,new cyclohexylethane derivatives from Forsythia suspensa fruits[J],Can.J. Chem.1984,62:2011-1014.
[17]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiro T.,Constitutions of Forsythosides F and G,new phenol glycosides of Forsythia viridissima stems[J],Heterocycles,1990,30(1):291-294.
[18]郭慧.连翘化学成分研究.北京大学博士学位论文,2006,5.
[19]Sansei N.,Kazuko O.,Hiroki T.,et al,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus." Ⅵ.The structure and antibacterial activity of suspensaside isolated from Forsythia suspensa[J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1982,30(12):4548-4553.
[20]Dong Sheng Ming,De Quan Yu,Shi Shan Yu,Two new caffeyol glycosides from Forsythia suspensa[J],J.Asian Nat.Ptod.Res.,1999,1:327-335.
[21]Shizuka K.,Hiroki T.,Sueo H.,et al,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus." Ⅶ.,a new caffeoyl glycoside from Forsythia viridissima [J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1984,32(3):1209-1213.
[22]Dong Lei Liu,Yang Zhang,Sui Xu Xu,et al,Phenylethanoid glycosides from Forsythia suspensa Vahl[J],Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 1998,7(2):103-105.
[23]Shizuka K.,Sueo H.,Sansei N.,Phenolic compounds from Forsythia Leaves[J],Phytochemistry,1984,23(8):1635-1636.
[24]Shizuka K.,Sansei N.,Renate B.,et al,Phenolic compound from Forsythia Leaves.Ⅱ[J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1988,36(9):3667-3670.
[25]Sansei N.,Mariko C.,Sueo H.,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus" Ⅰ.On the constituents of Forsythiae Fructus on the market[J],Yakugaku zasshi,1977,97(10):1134-1137.
[26]Maiada M.A.Rahman,Paul.M.Dewick,David E.Jackson,et al,Lignans of Forsythia intermedia[J],Phytochemistry,1990,29(6):1971-1980.
[27]刘东雷,徐绥绪,李会轻,等.连翘中的木脂素单糖苷[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1997,14(3):196-198.
[28]Dong Lei Liu,Sui Xu Xu,Wei Fang Wang,A novel lignan glucoside from Forsythia suspensa Vahl[J],Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences.1998,7(1):49-50.
[29]冷光,王海鸥,明东升.连翘中松脂素的分离鉴定和含量测定.山西医科大学学报,2003,3(3):227-228.
[30]Mariko C.,Sueo H.,Sansei N.,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus"(Ⅲ.) On the constituents of Fruits of Forsythia ciridissma and Esuspense[J],Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1978,32(3):194-197.
[31]Mariko C.,Sueo H.,Sansei N.,The position of glucoside linkage in phillyrin [J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1977,25(12):3435-3436
[32]Katsuya E.,Kazhhiko S.,Hiroshi H.,Structure and enantioselective synthesis of suspenol,a new polyol of Forsythia suspens a[J],Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshishu,1987,29:660-667.
[33]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiko S.,Hiroshi H.,Stereostructure of rengyl and isorengyol,phenylethanoids of Forsythia suspensa[J],Tetrahedron,1987,43(12):2681-2688
[34]Kazuhiko S.,Katsuya E.,Hiroshi H.,Structures of rengyosides A,B and C,three glucosides of Forsythia suspensa fruits[J],Phytochemistry,1989,28(5):1495-1498
[35]王伟芳,刘东雷,徐绥绪,等.连翘中的新化合物[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1999,16(2):138,145。
[36]刘悦,宋少江,张国刚,等.连翘中的一个新化合物[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(1):48-49.
[37]刘悦,宋少江,徐绥绪,等.连翘化学成分的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(2):101-103.
[38]陈玉俊,项进,许美娟,等.连翘化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(5):296.
[39]胡旺云,罗士德.连翘中三个乙酰化三萜的分离和鉴定[J].中草药,1991,22(4):147-152.
[40]A.S.Shamsur Rouf,Yulihiro O.,Mohammad A.,Dammarane derivatives from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa[J],Phytochemistry,2001,56,815-818.
[41]Yukihiro O.,Jing R.ui,Yuan Tai Tang,Antiinflammatory effect of Forsythia suspensa vahl and its active principle[J],Biol.Pharm.Bull.,2000,23(3):365-367.
[42]Inouye H.,Nishioka T.,Uber die monoterpenglucoside und verwandte naturstoffe[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1973,21(3):497-502.
[43]Soren D.,Henrik F.,Soren Rosendal J.,Biosynthesis of iridoids in Forsythia SPP[J],Phytochemistry,1994,37(1):173-178.
[44]Naghski J.,Porter W.L.,Isolation of rutin from two varieties of Forsythia[J],J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1947,69:572.
[45]K.Matsuo,T.Toloroyama,T.Kubota,Bitter constituents of Forsythia Viridissima[J],Phytochemistry,1972,11,1522-1523.
[46]徐植灵,潘炯光,吉力,等.连翘挥发油成分分析[J].天然产物研究与开发,1994,6(1):14-17.
[47]石素贤,何福江.连翘挥发油化学成分的研究[J].药物分析杂志,1995,15(3):10-12.
[48]贺铭,王教才.连翘子精油的化学成分研究(第一报)[J].陕西新医药,1982,11(8):53-55.
[49]匡海学,张宁,陆志博.青翘的化学成分研究[J].中医药信息,1985,3:25.
[50]Dong Sheng Ming,De Quan Yu,Shi Shan Yu,New quinoid glycosides from Forsythia suspensa[J],J.Nat.Prod,1998,61,377-379.
[51]刘悦,宋少江,张国刚,等.连翘中的一个新化合物(Ⅱ)[J].中国药物化学杂志,2003,13(2):108-109.
[52]Hiromu.K.,Mitsuo M.,Kaname H.,3-Ethyl-7-hydroxyphthalide from Forsythia Japonica[J],Phytochemistry,1975,14,1676-1677
[53]Dong Sheng Ming,De Quan Yu,Shi Shan Yu,A new furofuran mono-lactone from Forsythia suspensa[J],J.Asian Nat.Ptod.Res.,1999,1,221-226
[54]Takizawa Y.,Suzuki E.,Mitsuhashi,Natural occurring antioxidant(Ⅰ),Isolation and deternination of natural phenolic antioxidants from Forsythia suspensa vahl[J],Tokyo galngei Daigaku Liyo dai-4-bumon,1981,33:119-123.
[55]李晓燕.中药连翘及其几种类似品的鉴别[J].中草药,2000,31(6):463-466.
[56]李佑庭.连翘与伪品杏核壳的鉴别[J].基层中药杂志,1998,12(1):20.
[57]陶昌华.如何鉴别连翘的真伪[J].农家参谋,2002,6:19.
[58]吴晓冬,吴峰.连翘及其伪品的鉴别[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2003,13(7):455-456.
[59]李晓燕.中药连翘及其几种类似品的鉴别[J].中草药,2000,31(6):463-467.
[60]秦雯.连翘及其易混品的鉴别研究进展[J].医药产业资讯,2006,3(17):125 -126.
[61]宋吉莲,刘传玲,温明智.介绍一种连翘的薄层色谱鉴别法[J].时珍国医国药,1999,10(5):349.
[62]杜旭.连翘及车前子的指标成分与检识试验[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2003,25(1):45.
[63]朱锦华,张翠元,李水福.连翘及其混伪品秦连翘的鉴别[J].中药材,1997,20(7):335-337.
[64]张云,丁欢英.连翘的一种新混淆品—秦连翘[J].中国现代应用药学,1998,15(1):20.
[65]丁岗,候爱军,刘延泽,等.双黄连制剂中连翘酯苷的薄层鉴别[J].中成药,1997,19(1):9-10.
[66]朱治富,李成网.复方双花糖浆质量控制研究[J].安徽医药,200l,5(4):247-248.
[67]李玉斌,赵军.连翘中连翘苷提取工艺的初步研究[J].黑龙江医药,2003,17(3):205-206.
[68]王荔,陈勇敢,韩紫岩.薄层扫描法测定双黄连口服液中连翘苷的含量[J].开封医专学报,1998,17(4):46-48.
[69]叶丽华,项勤,阮文兴,等.薄层扫描法测定清热灵冲剂中连翘甙的含量[J].中药新药与临床药理,1999,10(2):105-107.
[70]李钦,宋卫中,刘庆芳,等.薄层扫描法测定双黄连片中连翘苷的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2001,36(1):51-53.
[71]罗健,邹金蕾,黎新荣.薄层扫描法测定抗炎灵口服液中连翘苷的含量[J].中国医院药学杂志,1999,19(1):22-23.
[72]罗定强,李新生,李谦,等.连翘叶中连翘苷的提取和含量测定[J].西北药学杂志,1998,13(2):58-59.
[73]李闯飞,司徒昀.连翘中连翘苷及有害元素铅的含量测定[J].中药材,2001,24(3):184-185.
[74]李向军,张裕平,袁倬斌.毛细管电泳法分离测定芦丁、槲皮素和连翘苷[J].分析试验室,2003,22(2):39-41.
[75]彭友元.毛细管电泳电化学检测法测定连翘中的芦丁[J].泉州师范学院学 报(自然科学),2005,23(4):47-50.
[76]王伟芳,徐绥绪,张国刚.用两种高效液相色谱法测定连翘中连翘苷的含量[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1999,16(4):265-269.
[77]方翠芬,靖会,李教社,等.HPLC法测定市售连翘中连翘酯苷的含量[J].中国药事,2003,17(12):760-761.
[78]崔燕岩,冯少勇,赵光,等.连翘有效成分的HPLC法测定[J].药学学报,1992,27(8):603-608.
[79]张杲,李发荣,段飞,等.不同采收期连翘叶中连翘苷[J].连翘酯苷和芦丁的含量测定.天然产物研究和开发,2005,17(6):790-793.
[80]王雪,王大果,晁若冰.HPLC法测定连翘和银甲妇康液中连翘苷的含量[J].药物分析杂志,2000,20(2):92-92.
[81]彭松.高效液相色谱法测定复方连翘口服液中连翘酯苷的含量[J].中成药,2000,22(6):411-413.
[82]袁敏,曾志,宋力飞,等.气相色谱指纹图谱用于连翘的质量控制[J].分析化学,2003,31(4):455-458.
[83]袁敏,张铭光,杨挺,等.裂解色谱法测定连翘的指纹图谱.中草药,2003,34(1):70-73.
[84]孙国祥,慕善学,侯志飞,等.连翘的毛细管电泳指纹图谱研究[J].色谱,2006,24(2):196-200.
[85]张文婷,何翱,陈浩.连翘的HPLC指纹谱研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(5):357-360.
[86]孙国祥,慕善学,侯志飞,等.连翘的HPLC指纹图谱研究[J].中成药,2007,29(2):161-163.
[87]曾志,张艳萍,李核,等.数字化色谱指纹图谱用于连翘的质量控制[J].中成药,2005,27(5):501-505.
[88]陈炅然,李萍莉.常用中草药——金银花、连翘、板蓝根[J].中兽医医药杂志,1998,6:40-42.
[89]李晓燕.中药连翘抗菌活性的考察[J].山东医药工业,1997,16(2):46.
[90]白云娥,漆小梅,杨国红,等.连翘提取物的体外抗菌试验[J].山西医科大学学报,2003,34(6):506-507.
[91]李仲兴,王秀华,赵建宏,等.应用M-H琼脂进行连翘体外抗菌实验的效果观察[J].中国中药杂志,2000,25(12):742-745.
[92]杨天鸣,张志海,张虹连.连翘水提物抗菌作用的实验研究[J].兰州医学院学报,2003,29(1):40-42.
[93]王维华,王南舟,钟立人.以连翘为原料的食品天然防腐剂的研制[J].天然产物研究与开发,1996,8(1):87-91.
[94]郭际,沈映君,解宇环.连翘挥发油抗炎作用的实验研究[J].四川生理科学杂志,2005;27(3):136-137.
[95]刘颖娟,杨占球,肖红,等.中药连翘有效成分体外抗单纯疱疹病毒的实验研究[J].湖北中医学院学报,2004,6(1):36-38.
[96]Han-Chieh Ko,Bai-Luh Wei,Wen-Fei Chiou.The effect of medicinal plants used in Chinese folk medicine on RANTES secretion by virus-infected human epithelial cells[J].Journal of Ethnopharrnacology,2006,107:205-210.
[97]G.R.Schinella,H.A.Tournier,J.M.Prieto,et al.Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts[J].Life Sciences.2002,70:1023-1033.
[98]张立伟,刘金,杨频.中草药连翘提取物抗氧化活性研究[J].食品学,2003,24(2):122.
[99]柴渭莉,刘静,杨建雄,等.连翘叶提取物对油脂抗氧化作用的研究[J].陕西师范大学学报,2004,32:187-188.
[100]朱淑云,杨建雄,李发荣.连翘叶提取物对小鼠氧化损伤的保护[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(1):18-20.
[101]徐春媚,王文生,等.连翘护肝作用的实验研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2001,24(1):10.
[102]杨建雄,刘静.连翘叶茶保肝作用的实验研究[J].陕西师范大学学报,2005,33(3):82-85.
[103]赵咏梅,李发荣,杨建雄.连翘苷降血脂及抗氧化作用的实验研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2005,17(2):157-159.
[104]唐元泰,尾崎幸,芮箐.连翘提取物的抗炎镇痛作用[J].中草药,1999,30(1):43-45.
[105]周济桂.中药镇吐作用的初步探讨[J].天津医药杂志,1960,2(2):131.
[106]杨建雄,刘静,李发荣.连翘叶茶抗氧化抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):65-67.
[107]黄泰康.常用中药成分与药理手册.北京:中国医药科技出版社,1994.1024-1026.
[108]李长城,严健稻,孙仁宇.连翘、丹参、当归和川芎嗪抑制弹性蛋白酶活力的对比观察[J].中国中药杂志,1990,15(9):46-48.
[109]赵咏梅,李发荣,杨建雄 等.连翘苷对营养性肥胖小鼠减肥作用的研究[J].陕西中医,2005,26(6):602-603.
[110]刘金,张立伟.连翘酯苷对·OH引发的DNA损伤的防护作用[J].山西中医学院学报,2006,7(1):23-24.
[111]贺玉琢.连翘中forsythiaside的血管平滑肌松弛作用[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2005,27(5):306-307.
[112]段链,高广,杨静玉,等.金银花、连翘及其配伍对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA的影响[J].中国药理通讯,2004,21(3):25-26.
[1]中国药典委员会编.《中国药典》.2005年版一部.化学工业出版社:117-118,152-153.
[2]苗明三,王智民主编.[对药]的化学药理与临床[M].军事医学出版社,2002年.137.
[3]肖培根,杨世林主编;姜会飞编著,《金银花-药用动植物种养加工技术》.中国中医药出版社,2001:1-3,4-5.
[4]肖培根,杨世林主编;曾洪斌,侯团章编著,《连翘-药用动植物种养加工技术》.中国中医药出版社,2001:1-3,4-5.
[5]姜和,孙卫东,张胜华.柴金口服液提取工艺的研究[J].中草药,2001,32(2):128-129.
[6]刘德准.正交设计法选择病毒清口服液的工艺条件[J].首都医药,2001,8(8):41.
[7]赵萍,腾惠丽.复方鱼腥草合剂提取工艺研究[J].中草药,2003,34(8):719-921.
[8]李晓东,张兵.强力感冒冲剂两种澄清工艺对比研究[J].山东中医杂志,2000,19(6):369-370.
[9]王豫,郭锐.抗毒合剂口服液制备工艺探讨[J].河南医药信息,1996,4(11):
[10]张桂凤,高农.治咽茶制剂工艺探讨[J].中医函授通讯,1998,17(6):43.
[11].王艳萍,宁文,李洪斌,等.双黄连注射液两种制备工艺的比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(10):610.
[12]田云.清热解毒口服液的质量分析[J].黑龙江医药科学,2004,27(4):62.
[13]陈卫东,朱广林.三黄口服液质量标准的研究[J].基层中药杂志,2001,16(4):28-29.
[14]李平,张建林.小儿肺咳宁颗粒的制备及质量控制[J].兰州医学院学报,2002,28(1):27-29.
[15]韩丽萍,石世德,邓海,等.解毒利肺口服液的工艺及质量标准研究[J].广东医学,2003,24,SARS专辑(Ⅰ):111-112.
[16]许杨彪.复方鱼腥草颗粒质量标准研究[J].中成药,2003,25(2):121-123.
[17]王云霞,慕明晓,王敏春,等.三黄清解片质量标准的研究[J].陕西中医,2004,25(7):652-654.
[18]段晓颖,任利,张五洲.一日清口服液质量标准的研究[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2000,17(1):43-45.
[19]钱广鸿,王震、冒镇,等.咽康口服液质量标准的拟定[J].江苏药学与临床研究,1999,7(3):32-33.
[20]金毅群,隋军.银贝止咳颗粒的质量标准研究[J].黑龙江中医药,2005,2期:55-57.
[21]赵夏,张伟琦,蔡永江.抗六零一合剂制备工艺及质量标准[J].中医研究,1999,12(3):8-10.
[22]闵云山,郑修丽.清儿热口服液的质量控制[J].中国药事,1999,13(4):258.
[23]李琰,吴笑如,孙秀华.小儿退热液质量标准研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(4):276-277.
[24]魏雪芳,陈杰,李卓明.复方金银花颗粒质量标准研究[J].中成药,2004,26(11):900-904.
[25]牟洁,李海燕,庄建红.复方西羚解毒片质量标准研究[J].中成药,2004,26(11):881-884.
[26]赵光树,俞国友.洁齿片质量标准的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(8):570-572.
[27]韩丽萍,石世德,邓海,等.解毒利肺口服液质量控制方法研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(1):9-11.
[28]方艳华,曲福生.清解胶囊质量标准研究[J].齐鲁药事,2006,25(2):90-91.
[29]韩超,刘广南,潘竞饼,等.银翘散浓缩袋泡剂的制备及质量控制[J].医药世界,2006,3:66-68.
[30]江海燕,杨礼莉.复方金银花冲剂的质量分析[J].时珍国药研究,1997,8(2):136-137.
[31]林杉,李仲昆,黄惠珍,等.双黄连粉针与4种抗生素的伍用和临床观察[J].中国药房,1998,9(4):171.
[32]李德清,杜银香,吴献华.消炎解毒口服液体外抑菌实验观察[J].湖北民族学院学报·医学版,2004,21(3):22-23.
[33]魏长志,张来周,时淑平.黄连与香连丸的体外抑菌实验对比[J].山东中医杂志,1994,13(1):34-35.
[34]丛凤英.双黄连对大鼠血清溶菌酶含量的影响[J].第二军医大学学报,2002,23(8):910-911.
[35]王世若.现代动物免疫学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1996.116-117。
[36]许国战,王典瑞,董庆滨,等.双黄连对大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].空军医高 专学报,1995,17(2):81-82.
[37]芮青,尾崎幸,唐元泰.连翘提取物的抗炎镇痛作用[J].中草药,1999,30(1):43.
[38]陈百泉,韩光,包萃屏,等,双黄连含片的解热抗炎作用[J].中国药学杂志2002,37(9):709-710.
[39]张永林,江海身,蔡申,等.柴桂解表冲剂治疗急性上呼吸道感染的实验研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,1999,22(1):50-51.
[40]刘自明.中药退热灵合剂的解热作用分析[J].北京中医1999(2):51-52。
[41]董杰德,陈晨华,仇素英.四种中草药抗柯萨奇及埃柯病毒的实验研究[J].山东中医学院学报,1993,17(4):46.
[42]张忠华,朱萱萱,倪文澎.感冒方药的抗病毒实验研究[J].实用中医内科杂志,2005,19(4):323-324.
[43]周可军,庄严.清热解毒口服液对免疫功能的影响[J].河南中医,1997,17(5):280-281.
[44]王宝祥,董雪梅,陆小红,等.烧伤愈肤液对烫伤小鼠巨噬细胞及红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,2000,11(5):309-310.
[45]石世德,周民伟,李建军,等.解毒利肺口服液对病毒性肺炎小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].广州中医药大学学报,2004,21(1):44-4.
[46]贾雷,高梅,程志杰,等.双黄连对小鼠细胞免疫功能及IL-2产生的影响[J].吉林中医药,2000,1:6.
[47]倪文澎,朱萱萱,张忠华,等.感冒方的抗炎和镇痛作用研究[J].实用中医内科杂志,2004,18(6):503-504.
[48]杜征国,马信东,袁世琪.感冒灵胶囊抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究[J].山东医药工业,2000,19(3):36-38.
[49]卢明,林非,林苗.护肝灵口服液对实验性肝损伤的保护作用[J].长春中医学院学报,2002,18(4):39.
[50]梁运霞,佟恒敏,宋德花,等.复方中药透皮软膏剂的药理与毒珲作用[J].毒理学杂志,2005,19(3)增刊:250.
[51]张爱华,袁志芳.双黄连粉针剂临床应用近况[J].河北中西医结合杂志,1999,8(5):693-695.
[52]钟世杰.双黄连粉针治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的实验研究和临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,1995;2(3):30.
[53]马素慧,吕文英,曹国富.解毒祛痘汤治疗寻常痤疮186例[J].陕西中医,2006,27(4):435-436.
[54]关澍男,武达.双黄连口服液临床应用研究进展[J].中医药信息,2005年第22卷第4期:38-39.
[55]刘清池,郭丽华.双黄连口服液治疗传染性单核细胞增多症[J].中成药,2003,25(5):附3.
[56]孔凡盛,迟翠芳,王鲁群,等.双黄连粉针剂预防急性白血病化疗后感染44例[J].山东中医杂志,1995,14(11):495.
[57]黄常江,黄智芬.双黄连治疗晚期恶性肿瘤患者并发肺部感染的临床观察[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1998,11(7):625.
[58]张妍玲,张涛源,陈集双.双黄连粉针治疗艾滋病的临床观察[J].山西医科大学学报,1999,30(2):177.
[59]金艳蓉,毕云.双黄连治疗伤寒毒血症临床疗效观察[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1998,5(7):44.
[60]李翠萍,王永恒,王敏捷.自拟“扶正防疫汤”预防SARS的探讨[J]:40.
[61]李明华.双黄连过敏致荨麻疹18例[J].陕西中医,2002,23(6):570-571.
[62]贾传春,王秀娟.双黄连注射剂不良反应分析[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(1):73-74.
[63]谷兰卿.双黄连致过敏性休克死亡1例[J].临沂医专学报,2001,3:221.
[64]董莉,孙喜山,杜凯音.静滴双黄连注射液致烦躁、胸闷1例[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(4):383-384.
[65]赵华,胡加永,耿爱英.双黄连粉针致敏反应4例[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(2):100.
[66]刘文芹,胡凤莲.静滴双黄连注射液致全身剥脱性皮炎1例[J].中国中药杂志,1996,21(1):61.
[67]蔡少杭,谢谓南.静滴双黄连粉针出现不良反应2例[J].中国中药杂志,1995,20(3):184.
[68]宋国绪.服山豆根精制颗粒致儿童胃肠道反应7例[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(11):696-697.
[69]胡莉莉.双黄连粉针剂致小儿寒战高热2例[J].中国医院药学杂志,1997,17(8):381.
[70]童路.双黄连注射剂的不良反应与成分间的关系.中成药,1997,19(4):47.
[71]侯瑞田,王珠秀,金凤表,等.静滴双黄连致过敏性休克并急性肝损害1例[J].承德医学院学报,2000,17(3):82.
[72]李达,周莹,吴晗春,等.静滴双黄连注射液出现剧烈头痛1例[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(9):569.
[73]季凤荣,张玉奇.双黄连静滴出现剧烈头痛2例[J].中国新药杂志,1998,23(5):400.
[1]陈琼华,等.中药大黄的综合研究Ⅳ.大黄葸醌衍生物在体内的吸收、排泄和分布[J].药学学报,1963,(10):525-528.
[2]赫梅生,等.用药物急性死亡率估计药物体存量与表观半衰期[J].中国药理学报,1985,6(3):213-216.
[3]李耐三,等.用药理学方法测定药物动力学参数[J].中草药,1985,16(4):17-20.
[4]李成韶,等.以药效为指标的中药药物动力学研究[J].中国新药与临床药理,1996,7(3):50-52.
[5]富杭育,等.以发汗的药效法再探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散,桑菊饮的药物 动力学[J].中药药理与临床,1992,8(5):1-4.
[6]黄熙,等.“证治药动学”假说的科学依据和前景.见陈可冀主编.迈向21世纪的中西医结合[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1991:207.
[7]薛燕.中药复方霰弹理论.第五界全国中药和天然药物学术交流会论文汇编.中国药学会,1997.38-40.
[8]王平全,梅尚文,陈美芳,等.苦参碱的人体药代动力学[J].药学学报,1994,29(5):326.
[9]王晓红,黄圣凯.苦参碱及氧化苦参碱的药代动力学与药效动力学[J].药学学报,1992,27(8):572.
[10]黄志力,桂常青,孙瑞元.盐酸川芎嗪在大鼠体内的分布[J].中国药理学通报,1994,10(4):297.
[11]吴坚东.板蓝根注射液在家兔体内药代动力学的评价[J].中成药,1993,15(3):5.
[12]赵洪武,沈子龙,周斌,等.如意金黄散黑膏药透皮吸收示踪[J].中国中药杂志,1993,18(4):219.
[13]徐凯建,孙考祥,陆义成,等.“双黄连”注射剂与气雾剂的人体生物利用度研究[J],中国医院药学杂志,1992,12(11):484.
[14]何心,石春伟,李欣,等.双黄连粉针中黄芩苛的药动学[J].中国新药杂志,1998,7(2):146.
[15]张志荣,胡晓颖,蒋大义,等.银黄冲剂中黄芩苷在家兔体内的代谢动力学研究[J].中成药,1996,18(6):1.
[16]白小红,付永丽.分光光度法测定柳氮磺胺吡啶及其代谢物磺胺吡啶浓度的研究[J].山西医科大学学报,2003,34(3):278.
[17]肖小华.复方芦丁的药代动力学研究[J].局解手术学杂志,2004,13(6):367.
[18]Wu XN,Yamashita F,Hashida M,et al.Determination of matrine in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetics studies[J].Talanta,2003,59:965.
[19]Niessen WM,de-Kraa MA,Verheij ER,et al.Combined super critical-fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the analysis of diuron in plasma using online phase-system switching[J].Rapid Commun.Mass Spetrom,1989,3(1):1.
[20]Haginaka J,Wakai J,Automated precolumn derivatization of amino acids with orthophthalaldchyde using a hollow-fibre membrance reactor[J].J.Chromatogr.,1990,502:317.
[21]Elsing BB.Achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tramadol and its major metabolites in urine after oral administration of racemic tramadol[J].J.Chromatogr.A,1999,846:227.
[22]Rudaz S,Veuthey JL,Desiderio C,et al.Simultaneous stereo selective analysis by capillary electrophoresis of tramadol enaniomers and their main Phase Ⅰmetabolites in urine[J].J.Chromatogr.A,1999,846:227.
[23]Guo P,Wang XM,Zhou F,et al.Determination of vincristine in mouse plasma and brain tissues by liquid chromatography-eletrospray mass spectrometry[J].J.Chromatogr.B,2004,809:273.
[24]富杭育,贺玉琢,周爱香,等.以解热的药效法初探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中药药理临床,1992,8(1):1.
[25]富杭育,贺玉琢,周爱香,等.以发汗的药效法初探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中药药理临床,1992,8(5):1.
[26]贺玉琢,富杭育,周爱香,等.经抗炎的药效法初探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中药药理临床,1993,9(1):1.
[27]富杭育,贺玉琢,周爱香,等.经抑制胃肠亢进作用再探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中成药,1993,15(1):35.
[28]赵智强,陆跃鸣,俞晶华,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对小鼠自发活动效应的药效动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(1):6.
[29]赵智强,王小勤,陆跃鸣,等.镇肝熄风汤与天麻钩藤饮对小鼠自发活动抑制作用的药效动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,12(6):23.
[30]赵智强,陆跃鸣,俞晶华,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方抗小鼠惊厥的药效动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1998,14(6):4.
[31]赵智强,陆跃鸣,周仲瑛,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对高血压大鼠模型降压作用的药物动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(4):12.
[32]赵智强,俞晶华,陆跃鸣,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间效应的药物动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(2):6.
[33]赵智强,俞晶华,陆跃鸣,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对小鼠镇痛作用的药物动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(3):13.
[34]任天池,王玉蓉,曾立品,等.用药物累积法研究九分散和疏风定痛丸的药物动力学试验[J],中成药,1991,13(7):2.
[35]龚文贤,张志荣,侯世祥.小鼠急性死亡率法测定参附注射液药物动力学表观参数[J].华西医科大学学报,1993,24(4):385.
[36]刘延富.附子理中丸方药的药物动力学研究[J].中成药,1992,14(8):6.
[37]赵智强,陆跃鸣,俞晶华,等.药物累积法探讨天麻钩藤饮等三方的体内毒效动力学[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版),2000,16(5):284.
[38]王西发,秦骏,杨彩民,等.微生物测定家兔体内鹿蹄草素药动学参数[J].西北药学杂志,1997,12(2):70.
[39]潘嘉,王家葵,邹文侯,等.抑菌效应法测定川芎挥发油药动学参数[J].中药药理与临床,2002,18(4):18.
[40]李颖.中药药代动力学研究方法概况[J].安徽中医学院学报,2005,24(3):62.
[41]本间真人.人体服用汉方后其有效成分的探讨(3):柴胡汤尿中排泄成分的构成解析.国外医学.中医中药分册,1992,14(2):51-52.
[42]本间真人.通过人体给药探讨汉方药的有效成分(第五报):厚朴酚对糖皮质激素的抑制作用.国外医学.中医中药分册,1993,15(1):27-28.
[43]马骏,等.中药血清药理学的方法学研究——在中药复方药物动力学研究中的应用[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(3):44-45.
[44]任平,等.脾虚血淤大鼠肠道菌群和川芎嗪的药物动力学特征初探[J].中药药理与临床,1994,(2):40-41.
[45]王毅,等.人参皂苷Rg1的肠内菌代谢及其代谢产物吸收入血的研究[J].药学学报,2000,35(4):284-288.
[46]CHEN Wen-qian,HU Yu-hui,ZHANG Yan-qing,et al.Population pharmacokinetics of Guanxin Ⅱ prescription[J].Chinese Journal of Chinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,2007(10):1138-1143.
[47]余自成,陈红专.微透析技术在药物代谢和药代动力学研究中的应用[J].中 国药理学杂志,2001,(01):76-80.
[48]蒋士鹏,杨一令,来平凡.微透析技术在中药有效成分筛选中的应用述评[A];2007年中华中医药学会第八届中药鉴定学术研讨会、2007年中国中西医结合学会中药专业委员会全国中药学术研讨会论文集[C];2007年.
[1]中国药典委员会.《中国药典》.2005年版一部.化学工业出版社.:P117-118,152-153.
[2]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:298.
[3]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:308.
[1] Pinto M.,Robine-Leon S., Appay M.-D., et al, Enterocyte-like differentiation and polarization of the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 in culture [J]. Biol. Cell,1983,47: 323-330.
[2] Artursson P., Karlsson J. Correlation between oral drug absorption in humans and appear drug permeability coefficients in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells [J]. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991, 175: 880-885.
[3]金郁．Caco-2细胞模型的研究与应用[J]．化学物理通讯，2007，7(4)：35-38。
[1] Zuo F, Zhou Z.-M., Zhang Q, et al. Pharmacokinetic study on the multi-constituents of Huangqin-Tang decoction in rats,Biol. Pharm. Bull.,26(7):911- 915.
[1]杨秀伟，赫美荣，服部征雄主编，中药成分代谢分析， 2003：143
[1]中国药典委员会编．《中国药典》．2005年版一部：117，152．
[2]苗明三，王智民．[对药]的化学药理与临床[M]．北京，军事医学出版社．2002：137．
[3]赵文华，石任兵，刘斌，等．RP-HPLC测定连翘病毒清胶囊中连翘酯苷和连翘营的含量[J]．中国中药杂志．2005，30(1)：36．
[4]崔燕岩，冯少勇，赵光，等．连翘有效成分的HPLC法测定[J]．药学学报，1992，27(8)．603
[1] State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the People's Republic of China.
Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国药典)
[S].2005ed.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2005:152-153.
[2] Calis I, Yuruker A,Ruegger H. Lantanoside, A monocyclic C10 iridoid glucoside
from Viburnum lantana [J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,38(1): 163.
[3] Richard T.Brown, Bukar E.N.Dauda, Mythily Kandasamy and Cid A.M.Santos;
Lonitoside: a Novel Monoterpenoid Macrolide Diglycoside from Lonicera
nitida[S]. J.CHEM.SOC.PERKIN TRANS.1(1991):1539-1542.
[4] Rie Kakuda, Mio Imai, Koichi Machida, et al. A new glycoside from the flower
buds of Lonicera japonica[J]. Natural Medicines, 2000,54(6): 314-317.
[5] Son K H, Jung K Y, Chang H W, et al.Triterpenoid saponins from the aerial
parts of Lonicera japonica [J].Phytochemistry.1994, 35(4): 1005-1008.
[6] Yu DQ,Yang JS.The Handbook of Analysis Chemistry(7th) (分析化学手册，第七分册) [M].Chemical industry press.2000: 796.
[7] Kawai H, Kuroyanagi M, Ueno A. Iridoid Glucoside from Lonicera japonica Thunb.[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1988, 36 (9): 3664-3666.
[8] Recio-Iglesias M, Marston A, Hostettmann K. Xanthones and Secoiridoid Glucosides of Halonia Campanulata[J]. Phytochemistiy, 1992,31(4): 1387-1389.
[9] He Q. H., Tian Y Y, Li H. J.et al. Study on Iridoid Glucosides in Stem of Lonicera hypoglauca [J]. Chin Pharm J., 2000,41(9): 656.
[10] As ada H,Miyase Y,Fukushima S.Sesquiterpene lactones from Ixeris tamagawaensis Kitam[J].Chem Pham Bull, 1984,32(5): 1724.
[11] Koichi M, Unko A, Masao K. Caeruleosides A and B, bis-iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea[J]. Phytochemistry. 1995,39(1): 111.
[12] MACHIDA K, ASANO J, KIKUCHI M. Caeruieosides A and B, bis-iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea [J]. Phytochemistry, 1995, 39 (1): 111-114.
[13]李会军，李萍．金银花中一个罕见的二聚体环烯醚萜苷[J].中国药学杂志，2006，41(11)：818-819．
[14]高玉敏，王名 王建平等．金银花化学成分研究[J]．中草药，1995，26(11)：568．
[15]娄红祥，郎伟君，吕木坚．金银花水溶性化合物的分离与结构确定[J]．中草药，1996．27(4)：195-199．
[16] Wie JK,Chang K H,Hyeun WC,et al. Loniceroside C, an Antiinfiammatory Saponin from Lonicera japonica[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.2003,51(3): 333-335.
[17]陈昌祥，王薇薇，倪伟，等．金银花花蕾中的新三萜皂苷[J]．云南植物研究，2000，22(2)：201-208．
[1] Maiada M.A.R., Paul M.D., David E.J., et al. Lignans of Forsythia intermedia [J], Phytochemistry,1990,29(6):1971-1980.
[2]刘东雷，徐绥绪，王伟芳．连翘中一个新木脂素单糖苷[J]．Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences，1998，7(1)：49-51．
[3]刘东雷，徐绥绪，李会轻，等．连翘中的木脂素单糖苷[J]．沈阳药科大学学报．1997，14(3)：196-198。
[4]冷光，王海鸥，明东升．连翘中松脂素的分离鉴定和含量测定[J]．山西医科大学学报，2003，3(3)：227-228．
[5] Wang H Y Yang J S．牛蒡子化学成分的研究[J]．Acta Pharm Sin，1993，28(12)：911-917．
[6] Sansei N, Hiroki T, Sueo H. Effects of O-methylation and O-glucosylationon carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of matairesinol,(+)-pinoresinol and (+)-epipinoresino [J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1984, 32 (11):4653-4657.
[7]张虎，杨秀伟，崔育新．吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和去氢吴茱萸碱的碳氢NMR信号全指定[J]．波谱学杂志，1999，16(6)：563-567。
[8] Ming D. S., Yu D. Q., Yu S. S., Two new caffeyol glycosides from Forsythia suspensa[J]. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 1999, 1 (4): 327-335.
[9] Nishibe S., Okabe K., Tsukamoto H., et al, Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus" VI. The structure and antibacterial activity of suspensaside isolated from Forsythia suspense [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1982, 30 (12):4548-4553.
[10]刘东雷，张杨，徐绥绪，等．连翘中苯乙醇甙类化合物[J]．Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences，1998，7(2)：103-105．
[11] Sansei N., Kazuko O., Hiroki T., et al, The structure of forsythiaside isolated from Forsythia suspense [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 1982, 30 (3): 1048-1050.
[12] K Rmarkham, B Ternai.Flavonoids other then flavone and flavonol aglycones[J].Tetrahedron, 1976, 32: 2607.
[13]高玉敏，王名洲，王建平，等．金银花化学成分的研究．中草药，1995,26(11)：568．
[14]刘悦，连翘水提物的化学成分研究，硕士学位论文：38。
[15] Wang X J , Zhu L Z. Studies of the saponin constituents of NiuQi (Achyranthesbidentata) [J]. Fourth Mil Med Univ, 1996,17(6): 427-430.
[16] Katsuya E., Hiroshi H., Structures of rengyol, rengyoxide, and rengyolone, new cyclohexylethane derivatives from of Forsythia suspense fruits [J], Can. J. Chem. ,1984, 62 (10): 2011-2014.
[17]刘悦，宋少江，张国刚，等．连翘中的一个新化合物(Ⅱ)[J]．中国药物化学杂志，2003，13(2)：108-109．
[18] Sakai S,Katsumata M,Satoh Y,et al.Oleanolic acid saponins from root bark of Aralia elata[J].Phytochemistry,1994,35(5):1319-1324.
[2]朱华旭,丁林生,等.白头翁汤汤剂化学成分的分离研究[J].中成药,1999,21(6):313-315.
[3]赵文华,石任兵,刘斌,等.连翘病毒清胶囊抗病毒有效部位化学成分的研究[J].中成药,2005,27(4):449-453.
[4]金芳,孙小燕.当归补血汤配伍比例的比较研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.1995,1(1):33-37.
[5]郭立玮 主编.中药药物动力学方法与应用[M].人民卫生出版社,2002:295.
[6]曹洪欣 王喜军,于友华.中药复方安替威血清药物化学和抗SARS病毒试验研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(3):281-283.
[7]周俊.中药复方—天然组合化学库与多靶作用机理[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,18(2):67.
[8]黄熙.“证治动力学”新假说之理论与实践[J].中医杂志,1997,38(12):745-747.
[9]王智民,杜力军,毕开顺.中药药效评价的“水闸门”法[J].世界科学技术,2000,(05):
[10]薛燕,雷跻九.中药复方霰弹理论—论中药复方现代研究法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996:20.
[11]罗佳波,余林中,谭晓梅.方剂配伍规律研究思路[J].中药药理与临床,1995,15(3):48-49.
[12]曹治权.中药药效物质基础和作用机理研究新进展[J].上海中医药大学学报,2000,14(1):36-40.
[13]郭立玮,金万勤.无机陶瓷膜分离技术对中药药效物质基础研究的意义[J].膜科学与技术,2002,22(4):46-49.
[14]张志琪,张延妮,田振军.药物筛选模型和技术及其在中药活性成分研究中的应用[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(10):907-910.
[1]张永清,王丽萍,等.金银花名称本草考证[J].山东中医药大学学报,1998,22(6):456-457.
[2]唐 苏敬,等:《新修本草》(上册),尚志钧辑校,皖南医学院印,1977:170.
[3]侯士良,赵晶,等.金银花最早出处及药用部位考证[J].中药材,1997,20(11):583.
[4]华碧春,陈齐光.忍冬藤和金银花的本草研究[J].福建中医学院学报,1996,6(1):27-29.
[5]李玉贤,杨怀霞,等.金银花茎叶药用价值概述[J].河南中医药学刊,2000,15(3):23-24.
[6]侯士良,赵晶,等.金银花最早出处及药用部位考证[J].中药材,1997,20(11):583.
[7]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部.北京:化学工业出版社,2005,152.
[8]石钺,石任兵,陆蕴如.我国药用金银花资源、化学成分及药理研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,1999,34(11):724-727.
[9]徐炳声.中药金银花原植物的研究.药学学报,1979,1(1):23-24.
[10]季雪峰.金银花药理学研究.安徽医药,2003,7(4):311-313.
[11]I wanhas hi H,Negoro Y,I keda A,et al.Inhibation by chlorogenic acid of haematincatalysed retinoic acid 5,6-epoxidation.Journal of Biochemistry[J].1986,239:641-646.
[12]韦藤幼,赵群莉,阮莉娇,等.微波预处理法提取金银花中的绿原酸[J].中成药,2003,25(7):534-537.
[13]邢俊波,李萍,刘云.不同产地、不同物候期金银花中绿原酸的动态变化研究[J].中国药学杂志,2003,38(1):19-21.
[14]景小琪,武雪芬,雷敬卫.金银花枝叶中粗黄酮、无机元素和蛋白质含量测定[J].河南中医,2001,21(4):66-67.
[15]邢俊波,李萍,张重义,等.不同产地金银花挥发油GC-MS的比较分析[J].中草药,2002,33(9):784-785.
[16]黄丽瑛,吕植桢,李继彪,等.中药金银花化学成分的研究[J].中草药,1996,27(11):645.
[17]高玉敏,王名洲,王建平,等.金银花化学成分研究[J].中草药,1995,26(11):568.
[18]娄红祥,郎伟君,吕木坚.金银花水溶性化合物的分离与结构确定[J].中草药,1996,27(4):195.
[21]相婷,吴立军,郑璐,等.西南忍冬花蕾中的两个新三萜皂苷[J].中国药物化学杂志,2000,10(3):215.
[22]陈昌祥,王薇薇,倪伟,等.金银花花蕾中的新三萜皂苷[J].云南植物研究,2000,22(2):201.
[23]贺清辉,田艳艳,李会军,等.红腺忍冬藤茎中环烯醚萜苷类化合物的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(9):656-658.
[24]茅青,贾宪生.黄褐毛忍冬化学成分的研究[J].药学学报,1989,24(4):269.
[25]茅青,曹东,贾宪生.灰毡毛忍冬化学成分的研究[J].药学学报,1993,28(4):273.
[26]李永梅,王天志,王志霄.细毡毛忍冬花蕾化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(1):45.
[27]柴兴云,李萍,唐力英.山银花化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2004,29(9):865.
[28]柴兴云,王林,宋越,等.山银花中黄酮成分的研究[J].中国药科大学学报,2004,35(4):299.
[29]张玲,彭广芳,钟方晓,等.山东金银花挥发油的化学成分分析[J].时珍国药研究,1996,7(2):89-91.
[30]邢俊波,李会军,李萍,等.忍冬花蕾化学成分研究[J].中国新药杂志,2002,11(11):856.
[31]柴兴云,李萍,窦静,等.山银花中皂苷成分研究[J].中国天然药物,2004,2(2):83.
[32]李会军,张重义,李萍.忍冬不同药用部位挥发油成分分析[J].中药材,2002,25(7):476-477.
[33]Yahara S,Kobayashi N,Nohara T.Studies on the Triterpenoid Glycosides in Lonicerae Caulis et Folium[J].Shoyakugaku Zasshi.1990,44(4):339.
[34]Ihsan C,Otto S.Secoiridoid glucosides from Lonicera periclymenum[J].Phytochemistry.1984,23(11):2539.
[35]Koichi M,Unko A,Masao K.Caeruleosides A and B,bis-iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea[J].Phytochemistry.1995,39(1):111.
[36]张玲.山东金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].中国药学杂志,1995,30(11):651-653。
[37]侯冬岩,回瑞华,杨梅,等.抗病毒草药金银花的化学成分分析[J].鞍山师范学院学报,2003,5(4):46-48.
[38]Lamberto T,M.Francesca C,Mauro S,et al.Isolation of secoiridoid artifacts from Lonicera japonica[J].Jounal of Natural Products.1995,58(11):1756.
[39]Koichi M,Masao K.An iridoid glucoside from Lonicera caeruea[J].Phytochemistry.1995,40(2):603.
[40]Rie K,Mio I,Yasunori Y,et al.Secoiridoid glycosides from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica[J].Phytochemistry.2000,55:879.
[41]Kun H S,Keun Y J,Hyeun W C,et al.Triterpenoid saponins from the aerial parts of Lonicera japonica[J].Phytochemistry.1994,35(4):1005.
[42]刘家欣,谷宜洁.湘西金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].分析科学学报,1999,15(1):66-69.
[43]S.Kumar,O.P.Sati,V.D.Semwal,et al.Iridoid glycosides from Lonicera quin quelocularis[J],Phyto-chemistry.2000,53:499.
[44]Ting X,Yasuhiro T,Li-jun W,et al.Saponins from Lonicera bournei[J].Phytochemistry.2000,54:795.
[45]Masao K,Noriko M.Flavone glycosides from Lonicera gracilipes var.glan dulosa[J].J.Nat.Prod.1996,59:314.
[46]Masaki K,Hideo K,Daisuke U.Isolation and structure of Korolkoside,a bis -iridoid glucoside from Lonicera korolkovii[J].J.Nat.Prod.2001,64,1090.
[47]Massao K,Noriko K,Yasunori Y.Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species Ⅷ.New Fernane type triterpenoids from the leaves of Lonicera gracili pes var.glandulosa Maxim[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1999,47(5):663.
[48]Noriko M,Masao K.Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species Ⅶ.T hree new polyhyd-ric alcohol glycosides from the leaves of Lonicera guacilipes var.glandulosa Maxim[J].Chem.Phar-m.Bull.1995,43(6):1049.
[49]Norio A,Hideo S,Shin-ichiro S,et al.Kinginoside,a new acyl group carrying iridoid bioside from Lonicera Morrowii[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1993,41(10):1882.
[50]Hideaki K,Masanori K,Kaoru U,et al.Studies on the saponins of Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1988,36(12):4769.
[51]Ihsan C,Otto S.Periclymenosidic acid,a new biosidic ester iridoid glucoside from Lonicera coerulea[J].J.Nat.Prod.1985,48(1):108.
[52]Hideaki K,Masanori K,Akira U.Iridoid glucosides from Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Chem.Ph-arm.Bull.1988,36:3664.
[53]Guido F,Alessandra B,Pier L C,et al.Three new flavonoids and other constituents from Lonicera implexa[J].J.Nat.Prod.1997,60:449.
[54]吴元鎏,方洪钜.金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].化学学报,1980,38(6):573-577.
[55]Bruno D.,Kurt H.Saponins with molluscicidal properties from Lonicera nigra L.[J].Helv.Chim.Acta.1983,66:422.
[56]Ihsan C.,Mohamed F.L.,Otto S..Loganin,loganic acid and periclymenoside,a new biosidic ester iridoid glucoside from Lonicera periclymenum L.(caprifoliaceae)[J].Helv.Chim.Acta.1984,67:160.
[57]Ratan K.CH.,Otto S..Structures of two monoterpene alkaloid glucosides from Lonicera xyloteum L[J].Tetrahedron letters.1981,22:559.
[58]Ratan K.CH.,Otto S..Xylostosidine:the first of a new class of monoterpene alkaloid glycosides from Lonicera xyloteum L[J].Helv.Chim.Acta.1980,63:1045.
[59]张玲.山东金银花挥发油化学成分研究[J].时珍国药研究,1996,7(2):89-91.
[60]Koichi M.,Hiromi S.,Takeyoshi I.et al.Studies on the constituents of Lonicera species.ⅩⅦ.New iridoid glycosides of the stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.2002,50(8):1041.
[61]Wie J.K.,Chang K.H.,Hyeun W.CH.,et al.Loniceroside C,an anti-inflammatory saponin from Lonicera japonica[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.2003,51(3):333.
[62]Devi P.,Vijay J.,Rajdev S.,et al.A new secoifidoid glycoside from Lonicera angustifolia[J].Fitoterpia.2000,71:420.
[63]马双成,刘燕,毕培曦,等.金银花药材中抗呼吸道病毒感染的环烯醚萜苷类成分的定量研究[J].药物分析杂志,2006,26(8):1039.
[64]吉力,潘炯光.忍冬挥发油的GC/MS分析[J].中国中药杂志,1990,15(11):680-682.
[65]张玲,彭广芳,单卫华.山东金银花干花及鲜花挥发油成分比较研究[J].西北药学杂志,1998,13(6):249-250.
[66]王天志,李永梅.金银花的研究进展[J].华西药学杂志,2000.15(4):292-298.
[67]时京珍,刘耕陶.黄褐毛忍冬皂苜对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠肝脏毒性的保护作用[J].药学学报,1995,30(4):311.
[68]Jin XH,Ohgami K,Shiratori K,et,al.Effects of blue honeysuckle(Lonicera caerulea L.) extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo[J].Exp Eye Res.2006,82(5):860-867.
[69]Kang OH,Choi YA,Park HJ,Lee JY,et.Inhibition of trypsin-induced mast cell activation by water fraction of Lonicera japonica[J].Arch Pharm Res.2004 Nov;27(11):1141-1146.
[70]Kim JA,Kim DK,Kang OH,Choi YA,et.Inhibitory effect of luteolin on TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production in human colon epithelial cells[J].Int Immunopharmacol.2005 Jan;5(1):209-217.
[71]Song Jin Lee,et al.Anti-inflammatory activity of the major constituents of Lonicera japonical[J].Arch Pharm Res,1995,18(2):133.
[72]李希贤,时常仁.金银花等药抑菌作用的初步观察[J]中华医学杂志,1995,41(10):952.
[73]黄艳英,黄敏,陆中海.金银花炮制的实验研究[J].中药材,1994,17(1):25-26.
[74]叶星沈,王自力,穆祥等.绿原酸对肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞分泌NO和ET-1的影响[J].解剖与临床,2005,10(2):101-103.
[75]王国霞,邹海棠,梅春升等。黄芪、金银花提取物体外抗禽流感病毒的试验研究[J].中兽医学杂志,2005(3):4-6.
[76]葛冰,卢向阳,易克,等.金银花活性成分、药理作用及其应用[J].中国野生植物资源,2004,23(5):13-16.
[77]蟠竞锵.金银花能降低小鼠血糖水平[J].广州医药,1998,29(3):59.
[78]龙盛京,罗佩卓,覃日昌.17种清热中药抗活性氧作用的研究[J].中草药,1999,30(1):40-43.
[79]Wing-Cheung Leung H,Kuo CL,et,al.Antioxidant enzymes activity involvement in luteolin-induced human lung squamous carcinoma CH27 cell apoptosis[J].Eur J Pharmacol.2006.2.7.
[80]Chaudhury RR.The quest for a herbal contraceptive[J].Natl Med J India.1993Sep-Oct;6(5):199-201.
[81]曹采萍,黄正南,钱蓓丽,等.金银花抗生育作用的研究[[J].医药工业,1986,17(3):19-21.
[82]曹采萍,黄正南,颜丹平,等.金银花抗生育作用的研究明[J].医药工业,1986,17(7):31-33.
[83]文窑先.金银花不同炮制品的应用[J].时珍国医国药,2004,15(12):825.
[84]马志琴,宋晓红。甘草金银花煎饮预防大剂量化疗口腔溃疡的临床观察[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2005,14(18):2408-2409.
[85]郁晓群。金银花治疗急性肾盂肾炎60例疗效观察[J].河北中西医结合杂志,1999,8(1):67-68.
[86]孔瑾,叶孟韬,王树宁,等.金银花、黄酒保健饮料的开发与研究[J],河南职技师院学报,2000,28(4):33-34.
[87]Chang WC,Hsu FL.Inhibition of platelet activation and endothelial cell injury by polyphenolic compounds isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb[J].Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids.1992 Apr;45(4):307-312.
[88]曹炳章《增订伪药条辨》[M]北京:人民卫生出版社,1960:103.
[89]华碧春,陈齐光.忍冬藤和金银花的本草研究[J].福建中医学院学报,1996,6(1):27-29.
[90]武雪芬,白雁.金银花药用成份的提取及抑菌实验研究[J].中成药,2001,6:448.
[91]黄雄,李萍,张重义,等.HPLC同时分析金银花中绿原酸和黄酮类成分的方法及其应用[J].中国药学杂志,2005.40(10):780-782.
[92]钟方晓.金银花有效成分标准物质的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2004,15(7):394-395.
[93]武雪芬,李玉贤,魏炜,等.金银花越冬老叶有效成分测定[J].中药材,1997,20(1):6-7.
[94]邢俊波,李会军,李萍,等.中药金银花质量标准研究-总黄酮的含量测定[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2002,19(3):169-170.
[1]郭济贤,顺庆生,万立琼等,连翘酯甙在连翘属植物果实中的存在及含量[J].中成药,1990,12(8):29-30.
[2]G.P.De Wolf & R.S.Hebb in Arnoldia 1971,31(1):44.
[3]Kitagawa S,Nishibe S,Benecke R,et al.Lignans of Forsythia leaves;Ⅰ[J].Chem Pharm Bull.1998,36(9):3667-3668.
[4]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,《中国植物志》第六十一卷[M].科学 技术出版社,1992:P42-50.
[5]张云,连翘的一种新混淆品—秦连翘[J].浙江中医学院学报,1997年,21(6):5.
[6]Rahman M A,Dewick P M,Jackson D E,et al.Lignans of Forsythia intermedia [J].Phytochemistry,1990,29(6):1971-1980.
[7]Sansei N.,Kazuko O.,Hiroki T.,Akiyo S.,et al,The structure of Forsythiaside isolated from Forsythia suspensa[J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.1982,30(3):1048-1050.
[8]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiro T.,Toyoko A.,et al,Structure of Forsythoside A,an antibacterial principle of Forsythia suspensa Leaves[J],Heterocycles,1981,16(8):1311-1314.
[9]Young Hae Choi,Jinwoong Kim,Ki-Pung Yoo,High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray Ionization MS-MS analysis of Forsythia Koreana Fruits,Leaves,and Stems.Enhancement of the efficiency of extraction of arctigenin by use of supecritical-fluid extraction[J],Chromatographia 2003,57,January(No.1/2).
[10]Shizuka K.,Sansei N.,Hisae B.,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus" Ⅷ.On isolation of phenylpropanoid glycosides from fruits of Forsythia Koreana and their antibacterial activity[J],Yakugaku zasshi,1987,107(4):274-278.
[11]Sansei N.,Akiyo S.,Shizuka K.,et al,Phenolic compounds from Forsythia Leaves(Ⅲ) On the comprison of constituents between Hybrid and Parents[J],Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1988,42(4):324-328.
[12]Yukio N.,Youichi H.,Kazuyo O.,et al,Phenylethanoid glycosides in the Fruits of Forsythia SPP[J].Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1991,45(4):327-332.
[13]Yukio N.,Youichi H.,Kazuyo O.,et al,Phenylethanoid glycosides in the Leaves of Forsythia SPP[J].Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1992,46(3):254-256.
[14]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiro T.,Toyoko A.,et al,Strucrure of Forsythioside B,an antibacterial principle of Forsythia Koreana stems[J],Heterocycles,1982,19(2):261-264.
[15]Katsuya E.,Hiroshi H.,Structures of Forsythoside C and D,antibacterial principles of Forsythia suspensa fruits[J],Heterocycles,1982,19(11):2033-2036.
[16]Katsuya E.Hiroshi H.,Structures of rengyol,rengyoxide,and rengyolone,new cyclohexylethane derivatives from Forsythia suspensa fruits[J],Can.J. Chem.1984,62:2011-1014.
[17]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiro T.,Constitutions of Forsythosides F and G,new phenol glycosides of Forsythia viridissima stems[J],Heterocycles,1990,30(1):291-294.
[18]郭慧.连翘化学成分研究.北京大学博士学位论文,2006,5.
[19]Sansei N.,Kazuko O.,Hiroki T.,et al,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus." Ⅵ.The structure and antibacterial activity of suspensaside isolated from Forsythia suspensa[J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1982,30(12):4548-4553.
[20]Dong Sheng Ming,De Quan Yu,Shi Shan Yu,Two new caffeyol glycosides from Forsythia suspensa[J],J.Asian Nat.Ptod.Res.,1999,1:327-335.
[21]Shizuka K.,Hiroki T.,Sueo H.,et al,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus." Ⅶ.,a new caffeoyl glycoside from Forsythia viridissima [J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1984,32(3):1209-1213.
[22]Dong Lei Liu,Yang Zhang,Sui Xu Xu,et al,Phenylethanoid glycosides from Forsythia suspensa Vahl[J],Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 1998,7(2):103-105.
[23]Shizuka K.,Sueo H.,Sansei N.,Phenolic compounds from Forsythia Leaves[J],Phytochemistry,1984,23(8):1635-1636.
[24]Shizuka K.,Sansei N.,Renate B.,et al,Phenolic compound from Forsythia Leaves.Ⅱ[J],Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1988,36(9):3667-3670.
[25]Sansei N.,Mariko C.,Sueo H.,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus" Ⅰ.On the constituents of Forsythiae Fructus on the market[J],Yakugaku zasshi,1977,97(10):1134-1137.
[26]Maiada M.A.Rahman,Paul.M.Dewick,David E.Jackson,et al,Lignans of Forsythia intermedia[J],Phytochemistry,1990,29(6):1971-1980.
[27]刘东雷,徐绥绪,李会轻,等.连翘中的木脂素单糖苷[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1997,14(3):196-198.
[28]Dong Lei Liu,Sui Xu Xu,Wei Fang Wang,A novel lignan glucoside from Forsythia suspensa Vahl[J],Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences.1998,7(1):49-50.
[29]冷光,王海鸥,明东升.连翘中松脂素的分离鉴定和含量测定.山西医科大学学报,2003,3(3):227-228.
[30]Mariko C.,Sueo H.,Sansei N.,Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus"(Ⅲ.) On the constituents of Fruits of Forsythia ciridissma and Esuspense[J],Shoyakugaku Zasshi,1978,32(3):194-197.
[31]Mariko C.,Sueo H.,Sansei N.,The position of glucoside linkage in phillyrin [J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.1977,25(12):3435-3436
[32]Katsuya E.,Kazhhiko S.,Hiroshi H.,Structure and enantioselective synthesis of suspenol,a new polyol of Forsythia suspens a[J],Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshishu,1987,29:660-667.
[33]Katsuya E.,Kazuhiko S.,Hiroshi H.,Stereostructure of rengyl and isorengyol,phenylethanoids of Forsythia suspensa[J],Tetrahedron,1987,43(12):2681-2688
[34]Kazuhiko S.,Katsuya E.,Hiroshi H.,Structures of rengyosides A,B and C,three glucosides of Forsythia suspensa fruits[J],Phytochemistry,1989,28(5):1495-1498
[35]王伟芳,刘东雷,徐绥绪,等.连翘中的新化合物[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1999,16(2):138,145。
[36]刘悦,宋少江,张国刚,等.连翘中的一个新化合物[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(1):48-49.
[37]刘悦,宋少江,徐绥绪,等.连翘化学成分的研究[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(2):101-103.
[38]陈玉俊,项进,许美娟,等.连翘化学成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(5):296.
[39]胡旺云,罗士德.连翘中三个乙酰化三萜的分离和鉴定[J].中草药,1991,22(4):147-152.
[40]A.S.Shamsur Rouf,Yulihiro O.,Mohammad A.,Dammarane derivatives from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa[J],Phytochemistry,2001,56,815-818.
[41]Yukihiro O.,Jing R.ui,Yuan Tai Tang,Antiinflammatory effect of Forsythia suspensa vahl and its active principle[J],Biol.Pharm.Bull.,2000,23(3):365-367.
[42]Inouye H.,Nishioka T.,Uber die monoterpenglucoside und verwandte naturstoffe[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1973,21(3):497-502.
[43]Soren D.,Henrik F.,Soren Rosendal J.,Biosynthesis of iridoids in Forsythia SPP[J],Phytochemistry,1994,37(1):173-178.
[44]Naghski J.,Porter W.L.,Isolation of rutin from two varieties of Forsythia[J],J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1947,69:572.
[45]K.Matsuo,T.Toloroyama,T.Kubota,Bitter constituents of Forsythia Viridissima[J],Phytochemistry,1972,11,1522-1523.
[46]徐植灵,潘炯光,吉力,等.连翘挥发油成分分析[J].天然产物研究与开发,1994,6(1):14-17.
[47]石素贤,何福江.连翘挥发油化学成分的研究[J].药物分析杂志,1995,15(3):10-12.
[48]贺铭,王教才.连翘子精油的化学成分研究(第一报)[J].陕西新医药,1982,11(8):53-55.
[49]匡海学,张宁,陆志博.青翘的化学成分研究[J].中医药信息,1985,3:25.
[50]Dong Sheng Ming,De Quan Yu,Shi Shan Yu,New quinoid glycosides from Forsythia suspensa[J],J.Nat.Prod,1998,61,377-379.
[51]刘悦,宋少江,张国刚,等.连翘中的一个新化合物(Ⅱ)[J].中国药物化学杂志,2003,13(2):108-109.
[52]Hiromu.K.,Mitsuo M.,Kaname H.,3-Ethyl-7-hydroxyphthalide from Forsythia Japonica[J],Phytochemistry,1975,14,1676-1677
[53]Dong Sheng Ming,De Quan Yu,Shi Shan Yu,A new furofuran mono-lactone from Forsythia suspensa[J],J.Asian Nat.Ptod.Res.,1999,1,221-226
[54]Takizawa Y.,Suzuki E.,Mitsuhashi,Natural occurring antioxidant(Ⅰ),Isolation and deternination of natural phenolic antioxidants from Forsythia suspensa vahl[J],Tokyo galngei Daigaku Liyo dai-4-bumon,1981,33:119-123.
[55]李晓燕.中药连翘及其几种类似品的鉴别[J].中草药,2000,31(6):463-466.
[56]李佑庭.连翘与伪品杏核壳的鉴别[J].基层中药杂志,1998,12(1):20.
[57]陶昌华.如何鉴别连翘的真伪[J].农家参谋,2002,6:19.
[58]吴晓冬,吴峰.连翘及其伪品的鉴别[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2003,13(7):455-456.
[59]李晓燕.中药连翘及其几种类似品的鉴别[J].中草药,2000,31(6):463-467.
[60]秦雯.连翘及其易混品的鉴别研究进展[J].医药产业资讯,2006,3(17):125 -126.
[61]宋吉莲,刘传玲,温明智.介绍一种连翘的薄层色谱鉴别法[J].时珍国医国药,1999,10(5):349.
[62]杜旭.连翘及车前子的指标成分与检识试验[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2003,25(1):45.
[63]朱锦华,张翠元,李水福.连翘及其混伪品秦连翘的鉴别[J].中药材,1997,20(7):335-337.
[64]张云,丁欢英.连翘的一种新混淆品—秦连翘[J].中国现代应用药学,1998,15(1):20.
[65]丁岗,候爱军,刘延泽,等.双黄连制剂中连翘酯苷的薄层鉴别[J].中成药,1997,19(1):9-10.
[66]朱治富,李成网.复方双花糖浆质量控制研究[J].安徽医药,200l,5(4):247-248.
[67]李玉斌,赵军.连翘中连翘苷提取工艺的初步研究[J].黑龙江医药,2003,17(3):205-206.
[68]王荔,陈勇敢,韩紫岩.薄层扫描法测定双黄连口服液中连翘苷的含量[J].开封医专学报,1998,17(4):46-48.
[69]叶丽华,项勤,阮文兴,等.薄层扫描法测定清热灵冲剂中连翘甙的含量[J].中药新药与临床药理,1999,10(2):105-107.
[70]李钦,宋卫中,刘庆芳,等.薄层扫描法测定双黄连片中连翘苷的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2001,36(1):51-53.
[71]罗健,邹金蕾,黎新荣.薄层扫描法测定抗炎灵口服液中连翘苷的含量[J].中国医院药学杂志,1999,19(1):22-23.
[72]罗定强,李新生,李谦,等.连翘叶中连翘苷的提取和含量测定[J].西北药学杂志,1998,13(2):58-59.
[73]李闯飞,司徒昀.连翘中连翘苷及有害元素铅的含量测定[J].中药材,2001,24(3):184-185.
[74]李向军,张裕平,袁倬斌.毛细管电泳法分离测定芦丁、槲皮素和连翘苷[J].分析试验室,2003,22(2):39-41.
[75]彭友元.毛细管电泳电化学检测法测定连翘中的芦丁[J].泉州师范学院学 报(自然科学),2005,23(4):47-50.
[76]王伟芳,徐绥绪,张国刚.用两种高效液相色谱法测定连翘中连翘苷的含量[J].沈阳药科大学学报,1999,16(4):265-269.
[77]方翠芬,靖会,李教社,等.HPLC法测定市售连翘中连翘酯苷的含量[J].中国药事,2003,17(12):760-761.
[78]崔燕岩,冯少勇,赵光,等.连翘有效成分的HPLC法测定[J].药学学报,1992,27(8):603-608.
[79]张杲,李发荣,段飞,等.不同采收期连翘叶中连翘苷[J].连翘酯苷和芦丁的含量测定.天然产物研究和开发,2005,17(6):790-793.
[80]王雪,王大果,晁若冰.HPLC法测定连翘和银甲妇康液中连翘苷的含量[J].药物分析杂志,2000,20(2):92-92.
[81]彭松.高效液相色谱法测定复方连翘口服液中连翘酯苷的含量[J].中成药,2000,22(6):411-413.
[82]袁敏,曾志,宋力飞,等.气相色谱指纹图谱用于连翘的质量控制[J].分析化学,2003,31(4):455-458.
[83]袁敏,张铭光,杨挺,等.裂解色谱法测定连翘的指纹图谱.中草药,2003,34(1):70-73.
[84]孙国祥,慕善学,侯志飞,等.连翘的毛细管电泳指纹图谱研究[J].色谱,2006,24(2):196-200.
[85]张文婷,何翱,陈浩.连翘的HPLC指纹谱研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(5):357-360.
[86]孙国祥,慕善学,侯志飞,等.连翘的HPLC指纹图谱研究[J].中成药,2007,29(2):161-163.
[87]曾志,张艳萍,李核,等.数字化色谱指纹图谱用于连翘的质量控制[J].中成药,2005,27(5):501-505.
[88]陈炅然,李萍莉.常用中草药——金银花、连翘、板蓝根[J].中兽医医药杂志,1998,6:40-42.
[89]李晓燕.中药连翘抗菌活性的考察[J].山东医药工业,1997,16(2):46.
[90]白云娥,漆小梅,杨国红,等.连翘提取物的体外抗菌试验[J].山西医科大学学报,2003,34(6):506-507.
[91]李仲兴,王秀华,赵建宏,等.应用M-H琼脂进行连翘体外抗菌实验的效果观察[J].中国中药杂志,2000,25(12):742-745.
[92]杨天鸣,张志海,张虹连.连翘水提物抗菌作用的实验研究[J].兰州医学院学报,2003,29(1):40-42.
[93]王维华,王南舟,钟立人.以连翘为原料的食品天然防腐剂的研制[J].天然产物研究与开发,1996,8(1):87-91.
[94]郭际,沈映君,解宇环.连翘挥发油抗炎作用的实验研究[J].四川生理科学杂志,2005;27(3):136-137.
[95]刘颖娟,杨占球,肖红,等.中药连翘有效成分体外抗单纯疱疹病毒的实验研究[J].湖北中医学院学报,2004,6(1):36-38.
[96]Han-Chieh Ko,Bai-Luh Wei,Wen-Fei Chiou.The effect of medicinal plants used in Chinese folk medicine on RANTES secretion by virus-infected human epithelial cells[J].Journal of Ethnopharrnacology,2006,107:205-210.
[97]G.R.Schinella,H.A.Tournier,J.M.Prieto,et al.Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts[J].Life Sciences.2002,70:1023-1033.
[98]张立伟,刘金,杨频.中草药连翘提取物抗氧化活性研究[J].食品学,2003,24(2):122.
[99]柴渭莉,刘静,杨建雄,等.连翘叶提取物对油脂抗氧化作用的研究[J].陕西师范大学学报,2004,32:187-188.
[100]朱淑云,杨建雄,李发荣.连翘叶提取物对小鼠氧化损伤的保护[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(1):18-20.
[101]徐春媚,王文生,等.连翘护肝作用的实验研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2001,24(1):10.
[102]杨建雄,刘静.连翘叶茶保肝作用的实验研究[J].陕西师范大学学报,2005,33(3):82-85.
[103]赵咏梅,李发荣,杨建雄.连翘苷降血脂及抗氧化作用的实验研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2005,17(2):157-159.
[104]唐元泰,尾崎幸,芮箐.连翘提取物的抗炎镇痛作用[J].中草药,1999,30(1):43-45.
[105]周济桂.中药镇吐作用的初步探讨[J].天津医药杂志,1960,2(2):131.
[106]杨建雄,刘静,李发荣.连翘叶茶抗氧化抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(1):65-67.
[107]黄泰康.常用中药成分与药理手册.北京:中国医药科技出版社,1994.1024-1026.
[108]李长城,严健稻,孙仁宇.连翘、丹参、当归和川芎嗪抑制弹性蛋白酶活力的对比观察[J].中国中药杂志,1990,15(9):46-48.
[109]赵咏梅,李发荣,杨建雄 等.连翘苷对营养性肥胖小鼠减肥作用的研究[J].陕西中医,2005,26(6):602-603.
[110]刘金,张立伟.连翘酯苷对·OH引发的DNA损伤的防护作用[J].山西中医学院学报,2006,7(1):23-24.
[111]贺玉琢.连翘中forsythiaside的血管平滑肌松弛作用[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2005,27(5):306-307.
[112]段链,高广,杨静玉,等.金银花、连翘及其配伍对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA的影响[J].中国药理通讯,2004,21(3):25-26.
[1]中国药典委员会编.《中国药典》.2005年版一部.化学工业出版社:117-118,152-153.
[2]苗明三,王智民主编.[对药]的化学药理与临床[M].军事医学出版社,2002年.137.
[3]肖培根,杨世林主编;姜会飞编著,《金银花-药用动植物种养加工技术》.中国中医药出版社,2001:1-3,4-5.
[4]肖培根,杨世林主编;曾洪斌,侯团章编著,《连翘-药用动植物种养加工技术》.中国中医药出版社,2001:1-3,4-5.
[5]姜和,孙卫东,张胜华.柴金口服液提取工艺的研究[J].中草药,2001,32(2):128-129.
[6]刘德准.正交设计法选择病毒清口服液的工艺条件[J].首都医药,2001,8(8):41.
[7]赵萍,腾惠丽.复方鱼腥草合剂提取工艺研究[J].中草药,2003,34(8):719-921.
[8]李晓东,张兵.强力感冒冲剂两种澄清工艺对比研究[J].山东中医杂志,2000,19(6):369-370.
[9]王豫,郭锐.抗毒合剂口服液制备工艺探讨[J].河南医药信息,1996,4(11):
[10]张桂凤,高农.治咽茶制剂工艺探讨[J].中医函授通讯,1998,17(6):43.
[11].王艳萍,宁文,李洪斌,等.双黄连注射液两种制备工艺的比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(10):610.
[12]田云.清热解毒口服液的质量分析[J].黑龙江医药科学,2004,27(4):62.
[13]陈卫东,朱广林.三黄口服液质量标准的研究[J].基层中药杂志,2001,16(4):28-29.
[14]李平,张建林.小儿肺咳宁颗粒的制备及质量控制[J].兰州医学院学报,2002,28(1):27-29.
[15]韩丽萍,石世德,邓海,等.解毒利肺口服液的工艺及质量标准研究[J].广东医学,2003,24,SARS专辑(Ⅰ):111-112.
[16]许杨彪.复方鱼腥草颗粒质量标准研究[J].中成药,2003,25(2):121-123.
[17]王云霞,慕明晓,王敏春,等.三黄清解片质量标准的研究[J].陕西中医,2004,25(7):652-654.
[18]段晓颖,任利,张五洲.一日清口服液质量标准的研究[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2000,17(1):43-45.
[19]钱广鸿,王震、冒镇,等.咽康口服液质量标准的拟定[J].江苏药学与临床研究,1999,7(3):32-33.
[20]金毅群,隋军.银贝止咳颗粒的质量标准研究[J].黑龙江中医药,2005,2期:55-57.
[21]赵夏,张伟琦,蔡永江.抗六零一合剂制备工艺及质量标准[J].中医研究,1999,12(3):8-10.
[22]闵云山,郑修丽.清儿热口服液的质量控制[J].中国药事,1999,13(4):258.
[23]李琰,吴笑如,孙秀华.小儿退热液质量标准研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(4):276-277.
[24]魏雪芳,陈杰,李卓明.复方金银花颗粒质量标准研究[J].中成药,2004,26(11):900-904.
[25]牟洁,李海燕,庄建红.复方西羚解毒片质量标准研究[J].中成药,2004,26(11):881-884.
[26]赵光树,俞国友.洁齿片质量标准的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(8):570-572.
[27]韩丽萍,石世德,邓海,等.解毒利肺口服液质量控制方法研究[J].广东药学院学报,2004,20(1):9-11.
[28]方艳华,曲福生.清解胶囊质量标准研究[J].齐鲁药事,2006,25(2):90-91.
[29]韩超,刘广南,潘竞饼,等.银翘散浓缩袋泡剂的制备及质量控制[J].医药世界,2006,3:66-68.
[30]江海燕,杨礼莉.复方金银花冲剂的质量分析[J].时珍国药研究,1997,8(2):136-137.
[31]林杉,李仲昆,黄惠珍,等.双黄连粉针与4种抗生素的伍用和临床观察[J].中国药房,1998,9(4):171.
[32]李德清,杜银香,吴献华.消炎解毒口服液体外抑菌实验观察[J].湖北民族学院学报·医学版,2004,21(3):22-23.
[33]魏长志,张来周,时淑平.黄连与香连丸的体外抑菌实验对比[J].山东中医杂志,1994,13(1):34-35.
[34]丛凤英.双黄连对大鼠血清溶菌酶含量的影响[J].第二军医大学学报,2002,23(8):910-911.
[35]王世若.现代动物免疫学[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1996.116-117。
[36]许国战,王典瑞,董庆滨,等.双黄连对大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].空军医高 专学报,1995,17(2):81-82.
[37]芮青,尾崎幸,唐元泰.连翘提取物的抗炎镇痛作用[J].中草药,1999,30(1):43.
[38]陈百泉,韩光,包萃屏,等,双黄连含片的解热抗炎作用[J].中国药学杂志2002,37(9):709-710.
[39]张永林,江海身,蔡申,等.柴桂解表冲剂治疗急性上呼吸道感染的实验研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,1999,22(1):50-51.
[40]刘自明.中药退热灵合剂的解热作用分析[J].北京中医1999(2):51-52。
[41]董杰德,陈晨华,仇素英.四种中草药抗柯萨奇及埃柯病毒的实验研究[J].山东中医学院学报,1993,17(4):46.
[42]张忠华,朱萱萱,倪文澎.感冒方药的抗病毒实验研究[J].实用中医内科杂志,2005,19(4):323-324.
[43]周可军,庄严.清热解毒口服液对免疫功能的影响[J].河南中医,1997,17(5):280-281.
[44]王宝祥,董雪梅,陆小红,等.烧伤愈肤液对烫伤小鼠巨噬细胞及红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,2000,11(5):309-310.
[45]石世德,周民伟,李建军,等.解毒利肺口服液对病毒性肺炎小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].广州中医药大学学报,2004,21(1):44-4.
[46]贾雷,高梅,程志杰,等.双黄连对小鼠细胞免疫功能及IL-2产生的影响[J].吉林中医药,2000,1:6.
[47]倪文澎,朱萱萱,张忠华,等.感冒方的抗炎和镇痛作用研究[J].实用中医内科杂志,2004,18(6):503-504.
[48]杜征国,马信东,袁世琪.感冒灵胶囊抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究[J].山东医药工业,2000,19(3):36-38.
[49]卢明,林非,林苗.护肝灵口服液对实验性肝损伤的保护作用[J].长春中医学院学报,2002,18(4):39.
[50]梁运霞,佟恒敏,宋德花,等.复方中药透皮软膏剂的药理与毒珲作用[J].毒理学杂志,2005,19(3)增刊:250.
[51]张爱华,袁志芳.双黄连粉针剂临床应用近况[J].河北中西医结合杂志,1999,8(5):693-695.
[52]钟世杰.双黄连粉针治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的实验研究和临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,1995;2(3):30.
[53]马素慧,吕文英,曹国富.解毒祛痘汤治疗寻常痤疮186例[J].陕西中医,2006,27(4):435-436.
[54]关澍男,武达.双黄连口服液临床应用研究进展[J].中医药信息,2005年第22卷第4期:38-39.
[55]刘清池,郭丽华.双黄连口服液治疗传染性单核细胞增多症[J].中成药,2003,25(5):附3.
[56]孔凡盛,迟翠芳,王鲁群,等.双黄连粉针剂预防急性白血病化疗后感染44例[J].山东中医杂志,1995,14(11):495.
[57]黄常江,黄智芬.双黄连治疗晚期恶性肿瘤患者并发肺部感染的临床观察[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1998,11(7):625.
[58]张妍玲,张涛源,陈集双.双黄连粉针治疗艾滋病的临床观察[J].山西医科大学学报,1999,30(2):177.
[59]金艳蓉,毕云.双黄连治疗伤寒毒血症临床疗效观察[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1998,5(7):44.
[60]李翠萍,王永恒,王敏捷.自拟“扶正防疫汤”预防SARS的探讨[J]:40.
[61]李明华.双黄连过敏致荨麻疹18例[J].陕西中医,2002,23(6):570-571.
[62]贾传春,王秀娟.双黄连注射剂不良反应分析[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2000,7(1):73-74.
[63]谷兰卿.双黄连致过敏性休克死亡1例[J].临沂医专学报,2001,3:221.
[64]董莉,孙喜山,杜凯音.静滴双黄连注射液致烦躁、胸闷1例[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(4):383-384.
[65]赵华,胡加永,耿爱英.双黄连粉针致敏反应4例[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(2):100.
[66]刘文芹,胡凤莲.静滴双黄连注射液致全身剥脱性皮炎1例[J].中国中药杂志,1996,21(1):61.
[67]蔡少杭,谢谓南.静滴双黄连粉针出现不良反应2例[J].中国中药杂志,1995,20(3):184.
[68]宋国绪.服山豆根精制颗粒致儿童胃肠道反应7例[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(11):696-697.
[69]胡莉莉.双黄连粉针剂致小儿寒战高热2例[J].中国医院药学杂志,1997,17(8):381.
[70]童路.双黄连注射剂的不良反应与成分间的关系.中成药,1997,19(4):47.
[71]侯瑞田,王珠秀,金凤表,等.静滴双黄连致过敏性休克并急性肝损害1例[J].承德医学院学报,2000,17(3):82.
[72]李达,周莹,吴晗春,等.静滴双黄连注射液出现剧烈头痛1例[J].中国中药杂志,1998,23(9):569.
[73]季凤荣,张玉奇.双黄连静滴出现剧烈头痛2例[J].中国新药杂志,1998,23(5):400.
[1]陈琼华,等.中药大黄的综合研究Ⅳ.大黄葸醌衍生物在体内的吸收、排泄和分布[J].药学学报,1963,(10):525-528.
[2]赫梅生,等.用药物急性死亡率估计药物体存量与表观半衰期[J].中国药理学报,1985,6(3):213-216.
[3]李耐三,等.用药理学方法测定药物动力学参数[J].中草药,1985,16(4):17-20.
[4]李成韶,等.以药效为指标的中药药物动力学研究[J].中国新药与临床药理,1996,7(3):50-52.
[5]富杭育,等.以发汗的药效法再探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散,桑菊饮的药物 动力学[J].中药药理与临床,1992,8(5):1-4.
[6]黄熙,等.“证治药动学”假说的科学依据和前景.见陈可冀主编.迈向21世纪的中西医结合[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1991:207.
[7]薛燕.中药复方霰弹理论.第五界全国中药和天然药物学术交流会论文汇编.中国药学会,1997.38-40.
[8]王平全,梅尚文,陈美芳,等.苦参碱的人体药代动力学[J].药学学报,1994,29(5):326.
[9]王晓红,黄圣凯.苦参碱及氧化苦参碱的药代动力学与药效动力学[J].药学学报,1992,27(8):572.
[10]黄志力,桂常青,孙瑞元.盐酸川芎嗪在大鼠体内的分布[J].中国药理学通报,1994,10(4):297.
[11]吴坚东.板蓝根注射液在家兔体内药代动力学的评价[J].中成药,1993,15(3):5.
[12]赵洪武,沈子龙,周斌,等.如意金黄散黑膏药透皮吸收示踪[J].中国中药杂志,1993,18(4):219.
[13]徐凯建,孙考祥,陆义成,等.“双黄连”注射剂与气雾剂的人体生物利用度研究[J],中国医院药学杂志,1992,12(11):484.
[14]何心,石春伟,李欣,等.双黄连粉针中黄芩苛的药动学[J].中国新药杂志,1998,7(2):146.
[15]张志荣,胡晓颖,蒋大义,等.银黄冲剂中黄芩苷在家兔体内的代谢动力学研究[J].中成药,1996,18(6):1.
[16]白小红,付永丽.分光光度法测定柳氮磺胺吡啶及其代谢物磺胺吡啶浓度的研究[J].山西医科大学学报,2003,34(3):278.
[17]肖小华.复方芦丁的药代动力学研究[J].局解手术学杂志,2004,13(6):367.
[18]Wu XN,Yamashita F,Hashida M,et al.Determination of matrine in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetics studies[J].Talanta,2003,59:965.
[19]Niessen WM,de-Kraa MA,Verheij ER,et al.Combined super critical-fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the analysis of diuron in plasma using online phase-system switching[J].Rapid Commun.Mass Spetrom,1989,3(1):1.
[20]Haginaka J,Wakai J,Automated precolumn derivatization of amino acids with orthophthalaldchyde using a hollow-fibre membrance reactor[J].J.Chromatogr.,1990,502:317.
[21]Elsing BB.Achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tramadol and its major metabolites in urine after oral administration of racemic tramadol[J].J.Chromatogr.A,1999,846:227.
[22]Rudaz S,Veuthey JL,Desiderio C,et al.Simultaneous stereo selective analysis by capillary electrophoresis of tramadol enaniomers and their main Phase Ⅰmetabolites in urine[J].J.Chromatogr.A,1999,846:227.
[23]Guo P,Wang XM,Zhou F,et al.Determination of vincristine in mouse plasma and brain tissues by liquid chromatography-eletrospray mass spectrometry[J].J.Chromatogr.B,2004,809:273.
[24]富杭育,贺玉琢,周爱香,等.以解热的药效法初探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中药药理临床,1992,8(1):1.
[25]富杭育,贺玉琢,周爱香,等.以发汗的药效法初探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中药药理临床,1992,8(5):1.
[26]贺玉琢,富杭育,周爱香,等.经抗炎的药效法初探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中药药理临床,1993,9(1):1.
[27]富杭育,贺玉琢,周爱香,等.经抑制胃肠亢进作用再探麻黄汤、桂枝汤、银翘散、桑菊饮的药物动力学[J].中成药,1993,15(1):35.
[28]赵智强,陆跃鸣,俞晶华,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对小鼠自发活动效应的药效动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(1):6.
[29]赵智强,王小勤,陆跃鸣,等.镇肝熄风汤与天麻钩藤饮对小鼠自发活动抑制作用的药效动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,12(6):23.
[30]赵智强,陆跃鸣,俞晶华,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方抗小鼠惊厥的药效动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1998,14(6):4.
[31]赵智强,陆跃鸣,周仲瑛,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对高血压大鼠模型降压作用的药物动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(4):12.
[32]赵智强,俞晶华,陆跃鸣,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间效应的药物动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(2):6.
[33]赵智强,俞晶华,陆跃鸣,等.天麻钩藤饮等三方对小鼠镇痛作用的药物动力学研究[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(3):13.
[34]任天池,王玉蓉,曾立品,等.用药物累积法研究九分散和疏风定痛丸的药物动力学试验[J],中成药,1991,13(7):2.
[35]龚文贤,张志荣,侯世祥.小鼠急性死亡率法测定参附注射液药物动力学表观参数[J].华西医科大学学报,1993,24(4):385.
[36]刘延富.附子理中丸方药的药物动力学研究[J].中成药,1992,14(8):6.
[37]赵智强,陆跃鸣,俞晶华,等.药物累积法探讨天麻钩藤饮等三方的体内毒效动力学[J].南京中医药大学学报(自然科学版),2000,16(5):284.
[38]王西发,秦骏,杨彩民,等.微生物测定家兔体内鹿蹄草素药动学参数[J].西北药学杂志,1997,12(2):70.
[39]潘嘉,王家葵,邹文侯,等.抑菌效应法测定川芎挥发油药动学参数[J].中药药理与临床,2002,18(4):18.
[40]李颖.中药药代动力学研究方法概况[J].安徽中医学院学报,2005,24(3):62.
[41]本间真人.人体服用汉方后其有效成分的探讨(3):柴胡汤尿中排泄成分的构成解析.国外医学.中医中药分册,1992,14(2):51-52.
[42]本间真人.通过人体给药探讨汉方药的有效成分(第五报):厚朴酚对糖皮质激素的抑制作用.国外医学.中医中药分册,1993,15(1):27-28.
[43]马骏,等.中药血清药理学的方法学研究——在中药复方药物动力学研究中的应用[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(3):44-45.
[44]任平,等.脾虚血淤大鼠肠道菌群和川芎嗪的药物动力学特征初探[J].中药药理与临床,1994,(2):40-41.
[45]王毅,等.人参皂苷Rg1的肠内菌代谢及其代谢产物吸收入血的研究[J].药学学报,2000,35(4):284-288.
[46]CHEN Wen-qian,HU Yu-hui,ZHANG Yan-qing,et al.Population pharmacokinetics of Guanxin Ⅱ prescription[J].Chinese Journal of Chinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,2007(10):1138-1143.
[47]余自成,陈红专.微透析技术在药物代谢和药代动力学研究中的应用[J].中 国药理学杂志,2001,(01):76-80.
[48]蒋士鹏,杨一令,来平凡.微透析技术在中药有效成分筛选中的应用述评[A];2007年中华中医药学会第八届中药鉴定学术研讨会、2007年中国中西医结合学会中药专业委员会全国中药学术研讨会论文集[C];2007年.
[1]中国药典委员会.《中国药典》.2005年版一部.化学工业出版社.:P117-118,152-153.
[2]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:298.
[3]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:308.
[1] Pinto M.,Robine-Leon S., Appay M.-D., et al, Enterocyte-like differentiation and polarization of the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 in culture [J]. Biol. Cell,1983,47: 323-330.
[2] Artursson P., Karlsson J. Correlation between oral drug absorption in humans and appear drug permeability coefficients in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells [J]. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991, 175: 880-885.
[3]金郁．Caco-2细胞模型的研究与应用[J]．化学物理通讯，2007，7(4)：35-38。
[1] Zuo F, Zhou Z.-M., Zhang Q, et al. Pharmacokinetic study on the multi-constituents of Huangqin-Tang decoction in rats,Biol. Pharm. Bull.,26(7):911- 915.
[1]杨秀伟，赫美荣，服部征雄主编，中药成分代谢分析， 2003：143
[1]中国药典委员会编．《中国药典》．2005年版一部：117，152．
[2]苗明三，王智民．[对药]的化学药理与临床[M]．北京，军事医学出版社．2002：137．
[3]赵文华，石任兵，刘斌，等．RP-HPLC测定连翘病毒清胶囊中连翘酯苷和连翘营的含量[J]．中国中药杂志．2005，30(1)：36．
[4]崔燕岩，冯少勇，赵光，等．连翘有效成分的HPLC法测定[J]．药学学报，1992，27(8)．603
[1] State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the People's Republic of China.
Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国药典)
[S].2005ed.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2005:152-153.
[2] Calis I, Yuruker A,Ruegger H. Lantanoside, A monocyclic C10 iridoid glucoside
from Viburnum lantana [J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,38(1): 163.
[3] Richard T.Brown, Bukar E.N.Dauda, Mythily Kandasamy and Cid A.M.Santos;
Lonitoside: a Novel Monoterpenoid Macrolide Diglycoside from Lonicera
nitida[S]. J.CHEM.SOC.PERKIN TRANS.1(1991):1539-1542.
[4] Rie Kakuda, Mio Imai, Koichi Machida, et al. A new glycoside from the flower
buds of Lonicera japonica[J]. Natural Medicines, 2000,54(6): 314-317.
[5] Son K H, Jung K Y, Chang H W, et al.Triterpenoid saponins from the aerial
parts of Lonicera japonica [J].Phytochemistry.1994, 35(4): 1005-1008.
[6] Yu DQ,Yang JS.The Handbook of Analysis Chemistry(7th) (分析化学手册，第七分册) [M].Chemical industry press.2000: 796.
[7] Kawai H, Kuroyanagi M, Ueno A. Iridoid Glucoside from Lonicera japonica Thunb.[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1988, 36 (9): 3664-3666.
[8] Recio-Iglesias M, Marston A, Hostettmann K. Xanthones and Secoiridoid Glucosides of Halonia Campanulata[J]. Phytochemistiy, 1992,31(4): 1387-1389.
[9] He Q. H., Tian Y Y, Li H. J.et al. Study on Iridoid Glucosides in Stem of Lonicera hypoglauca [J]. Chin Pharm J., 2000,41(9): 656.
[10] As ada H,Miyase Y,Fukushima S.Sesquiterpene lactones from Ixeris tamagawaensis Kitam[J].Chem Pham Bull, 1984,32(5): 1724.
[11] Koichi M, Unko A, Masao K. Caeruleosides A and B, bis-iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea[J]. Phytochemistry. 1995,39(1): 111.
[12] MACHIDA K, ASANO J, KIKUCHI M. Caeruieosides A and B, bis-iridoid glucosides from Lonicera caerulea [J]. Phytochemistry, 1995, 39 (1): 111-114.
[13]李会军，李萍．金银花中一个罕见的二聚体环烯醚萜苷[J].中国药学杂志，2006，41(11)：818-819．
[14]高玉敏，王名 王建平等．金银花化学成分研究[J]．中草药，1995，26(11)：568．
[15]娄红祥，郎伟君，吕木坚．金银花水溶性化合物的分离与结构确定[J]．中草药，1996．27(4)：195-199．
[16] Wie JK,Chang K H,Hyeun WC,et al. Loniceroside C, an Antiinfiammatory Saponin from Lonicera japonica[J].Chem.Pharm.Bull.2003,51(3): 333-335.
[17]陈昌祥，王薇薇，倪伟，等．金银花花蕾中的新三萜皂苷[J]．云南植物研究，2000，22(2)：201-208．
[1] Maiada M.A.R., Paul M.D., David E.J., et al. Lignans of Forsythia intermedia [J], Phytochemistry,1990,29(6):1971-1980.
[2]刘东雷，徐绥绪，王伟芳．连翘中一个新木脂素单糖苷[J]．Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences，1998，7(1)：49-51．
[3]刘东雷，徐绥绪，李会轻，等．连翘中的木脂素单糖苷[J]．沈阳药科大学学报．1997，14(3)：196-198。
[4]冷光，王海鸥，明东升．连翘中松脂素的分离鉴定和含量测定[J]．山西医科大学学报，2003，3(3)：227-228．
[5] Wang H Y Yang J S．牛蒡子化学成分的研究[J]．Acta Pharm Sin，1993，28(12)：911-917．
[6] Sansei N, Hiroki T, Sueo H. Effects of O-methylation and O-glucosylationon carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of matairesinol,(+)-pinoresinol and (+)-epipinoresino [J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 1984, 32 (11):4653-4657.
[7]张虎，杨秀伟，崔育新．吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和去氢吴茱萸碱的碳氢NMR信号全指定[J]．波谱学杂志，1999，16(6)：563-567。
[8] Ming D. S., Yu D. Q., Yu S. S., Two new caffeyol glycosides from Forsythia suspensa[J]. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 1999, 1 (4): 327-335.
[9] Nishibe S., Okabe K., Tsukamoto H., et al, Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Forsythiae Fructus" VI. The structure and antibacterial activity of suspensaside isolated from Forsythia suspense [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1982, 30 (12):4548-4553.
[10]刘东雷，张杨，徐绥绪，等．连翘中苯乙醇甙类化合物[J]．Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences，1998，7(2)：103-105．
[11] Sansei N., Kazuko O., Hiroki T., et al, The structure of forsythiaside isolated from Forsythia suspense [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 1982, 30 (3): 1048-1050.
[12] K Rmarkham, B Ternai.Flavonoids other then flavone and flavonol aglycones[J].Tetrahedron, 1976, 32: 2607.
[13]高玉敏，王名洲，王建平，等．金银花化学成分的研究．中草药，1995,26(11)：568．
[14]刘悦，连翘水提物的化学成分研究，硕士学位论文：38。
[15] Wang X J , Zhu L Z. Studies of the saponin constituents of NiuQi (Achyranthesbidentata) [J]. Fourth Mil Med Univ, 1996,17(6): 427-430.
[16] Katsuya E., Hiroshi H., Structures of rengyol, rengyoxide, and rengyolone, new cyclohexylethane derivatives from of Forsythia suspense fruits [J], Can. J. Chem. ,1984, 62 (10): 2011-2014.
[17]刘悦，宋少江，张国刚，等．连翘中的一个新化合物(Ⅱ)[J]．中国药物化学杂志，2003，13(2)：108-109．
[18] Sakai S,Katsumata M,Satoh Y,et al.Oleanolic acid saponins from root bark of Aralia elata[J].Phytochemistry,1994,35(5):1319-1324.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |