航空辐射环境对民航飞行人员骨代谢的影响及~（137）Csγ射线对体外培养成骨细胞作用的研究
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摘要
目的
了解高空飞行人员的骨代谢情况,分析飞行人员骨代谢水平与辐射剂量之间的关系,探讨航空辐射环境对飞行人员骨代谢的影响。为进一步为研究辐射引起骨损伤的发病机制,本文利用体外培养技术探讨不同剂量~(137)Csγ射线对成骨细胞的影响,观察辐射后成骨细胞形态学的改变,ALP和BGP活性的变化及成骨细胞相关基因(BGP、OPG、BMP-2、IGF-1)mRNA表达的变化,了解辐射对成骨细胞的影响及其作用机制,为放射性骨损伤的防治提供重要的实验依据。
方法
1.从新疆航空公司所有飞行人员中按年龄随机抽取134名(男性,20～60岁)健康飞行人员和37名(男性,20～60岁)当地健康地面对照人员,按照年龄分成3组:20～年龄组,30～年龄组,40岁及以上年龄组,分别采用放射免疫分析法测定血清骨钙素水平,采用酶联免疫分析法测定血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶水平;根据飞行指令数据使用美国联邦航空署开发的软件CARI-6,计算新疆航空公司飞行航线的宇宙辐射有效剂量率,由此计算飞行人员飞行过程中受到的宇宙辐射年均有效剂量和累积有效剂量,生化指标结果用组间t检验进行比较,并与辐射剂量之间进行相关分析。
2.将MC3T3-E1细胞系和通过酶消化法从新生SD大鼠颅骨中获取的大鼠成骨细胞(ROB)传代后,分别接受1、3、6、9Gy的~(137)Csγ射线的单次照射(剂量率为0.788Gy/min),对照组(0Gy)细胞同时也带入照射准备室。照射后立即更换培养液,并继续培养。每天用相差倒置显微镜动态观察各组成骨细胞形态学的改变,每隔一天采用MTT法检测各组成骨细胞的增殖情况,7天后,收集各组细胞的裂解液用于检测ALP活性,收集各组细胞的上清液用于检测BGP含量,提取细胞内总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法检测各组细胞BGP、OPG、BMP-2、IGF-Ⅰ基因mRNA的表达。
结果
1、飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平均低于对照组水平,飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平与对照组比较,在20～年龄组和30～年龄组均显著降低(p＜0.01),40～年龄组之间没有统计学差异(p＞0.05);根据文献所测新疆航空公司全部航线年平均宇宙辐射有效剂量率为2.55μSv·h~(-1)(1.39～4.90μSv·h~(-1)),计算出被检测飞行人员年均受照有效剂量为1.88mSv·a~(-1)(0.70～4.14mSv·a-1),累积受照有效剂量为20.71mSv(2.81～57.52mSv)。飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平与辐射剂量之间呈显著性负相关(P＜0.01)。
2、两种细胞照射后形态均发生改变。未照射的细胞生长密集,胞质丰富,呈不规则的多角形。受照组细胞胞体增大,数目减少,胞质呈均质状,折光性差,偶见多核巨细胞,随照射剂量增加而更加明显。
3、~(137)Csγ射线照射后第1d、3d、5d、7d,不同剂量照射组成骨细胞的MTT(OD)值及细胞增殖率有差异,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。与对照组同一时间点比较,两种细胞受照组的MTT(OD)值均显著降低,差异有统计学意义;细胞增殖率在MC3T3-E1细胞照射后第1d、3d、5d、7d各组均下降,有统计学差异,而ROB细胞1Gy剂量组照射后第7d才有统计学意义,其它各受照组均有统计学差异。相关分析结果显示,MC3T3-E1细胞和ROB细胞的MTT(OD)值与辐射剂量均呈显著负相关。
4、不同剂量照射组细胞的ALP活性和BGP含量有差异,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MC3T3-E1细胞与对照组比较,3Gy、6Gy、9Gy照射组ALP活性降低,有统计学差异,1Gy、3Gy、6Gy和9Gy照射组BGP含量降低,均有统计学差异;ROB细胞与对照组比较,四个剂量的照射组ALP活性和BGP含量降低,均有统计学意义。相关分析结果显示,MC3T3-E1细胞和ROB细胞的ALP活性和BGP含量与辐射剂量均呈显著负相关。
5、不同剂量照射组细胞的BGP、OPG、BMP-2和IGF-Ⅰ的mRNA表达量有差异,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MC3T3-E1细胞与对照组比较,3Gy、6Gy、9Gy照射组BGP、BMP-2和IGF-Ⅰ的mRNA表达量下降,有统计学差异,OPG的mRNA表达量在四个剂量照射组均下降,有统计学差异;ROB细胞与对照组比较,3Gy、6Gy、9Gy照射组BMP-2和OPG的mRNA表达量下降,有统计学差异,BGP和IGF-1的mRNA表达量在四个剂量照射组均降低,均有统计学差异。相关分析结果显示,MC3T3-E1细胞和ROB细胞的BGP、OPG、BMP-2和IGF-1的mRNA表达量与辐射剂量均呈显著负相关。
结论
1、航空辐射环境因素可影响民航飞行人员的骨代谢水平,其骨代谢水平与飞行过程中受到的宇宙辐射有效剂量密切相关。
2、MC3T3-E1细胞系和ROB细胞对辐射的反应相似,只是敏感性稍有不同。辐射后细胞形态发生明显改变,辐射对成骨细胞的增殖、分化和功能均有抑制作用,与辐射剂量呈明显相关,在辐射剂量的界值上,增殖、分化和功能存在差异,反映出增殖、分化和功能三者之间的机制的不同;BGP、OPG、BMP-2和IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达水平下降,并且与辐射剂量呈显著相关,提示辐射可能通过影响成骨细胞相关基因的表达,从而影响成骨细胞的增殖与分化及其功能,导致骨形成减少,破坏骨重建过程中的平衡,引起骨损伤。
Objective
To explore the effects of aeronautical environmental factors on bone metabolism in civil aviation flight personnel,we investigated the biochemical markers of bone metabolism and calculated the effective dose of cosmic radiation for flight personnel, and then we analyzed the correlations between the level of bone metabolism and the effective dose of cosmic radiation.To explore the pathogenesis of bone injury induced by irradiation,we established the experimental model with two different sources of osteoblasts(MC3T3-E1 cell lines and primary cultured rat's osteoblasts) by in vitro cell culture technology.To explore the effects and mechanism of radiation on osteoblasts,the cultured osteoblasts were irradiated with different doses ~(137)Csγ-rays.We observed the changes of morphology,ALP activity and BGP activity and mRNA expression of bone Glaprotein(BGP),osteoprotegerin(OPG),bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ),which will provide important experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of radioactive bone injury.
Methods
1.134 healthy male civil aviation flight personnel of xinjiang airline stratified by age (from the age of 20 to 60 years)and 37 healthy male controls(from the age of 20 to 60 years)were randomly selected and were divided into three different age groups(from 20 to 29,from 30 to 39 and above 40 years old).Bone glaprotein(BGP)was measured with radioimmunoassay and bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BALP) was measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay,with the help of aircraft flight information from flight performance manual,software CARI-6 developed by U.S Federal Aviation Administration was used to calculate the effective dose of cosmic radiation along the air lines,then individual annual cosmic radiation dose and cumulative cosmic radiation dose on flight personnel was estimated from the data calculated by CARI-6.The results were analyzed with t-test,and the correlations between the variables and the flight hours were analyzed with linear correlation.
2.The MC3T3-E1 cell lines and the rat's osteoblasts(ROB)isolated from the skull of the newborn SD rats by sequential enzymatic digestion were once irradiated with ~(137) Csγ-rays(dose Rate of 0.788Gy/min)at 1,3,6 and 9Gy respectively.The control group(0Gy)cells also were taken into the preparation room.The culture medium was changed immediately after irradiation.We observed the morphological changes of osteoblasts with phase-contrast microscope every day and detected cell proliferation by MTT every other day.7 days later,ALP activity and BGP levels were measured. Total RNA was extracted with TRIZOL reagent and mRNA expressions of BGP、OPG、BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwere determined by RT-PCR semi-quantitatively.
Results
1.The results showed that both the BGP and BALP level were lower in civil aviation flight personnel,compared with controls.The BGP and BALP in groups aged from 20 to 29 years and from 30 to 39 years were significantly lower than in control group respectively(P＜0.01),while there was no statistical difference between two groups aged above 40 years old(P＞0.05.According to the literature,the average effective dose rate of all flights of Xinjiang Airlines was 2.55μSv.h~(-1)(ranging between 1.39～4.90μSv.h~(-1)).Average annual cosmic radiation dose on flight personnel was 1.88mSv.a~(-1)(ranging between 0.70～4.14mSv.a~(-1)),cumulative cosmic radiation dose on flight personnel was 20.71 mSv(ranging between 2.81～57.52mSv).Both the BGP and the BALP were significantly correlated with annual cosmic radiation dose and cumulative cosmic radiation dose in civil aviation flight personnel.(P＜0.01).
2.The results showed that morphology of osteoblasts changed both in MC3T3-E1 cell lines and ROB cells after irradiation.The osteoblasts without irradiation grew intensively with rich cytoplasm and irregular polygon.However,the osteoblasts irradiated with different doses of 137 Csγ-rays were larger,containing more nuclei, homogeneous cytoplasm,poor refraction and multinucleated giant cells occasionally. The above changes were more obvious with increasing dosage of irradiation.
3.We found that both MTT(OD)value and the rate of cell proliferation were decreased significantly in osteoblasts irradiated after 1d,3d,5d,7d(P＜0.01). Compared with the control group,the MTT(OD)value was significantly lower in all experimental groups of MC3T3-E1 cell lines and ROB cells.Compared with the control group at the same time point,the rate of cell proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cell lines were significantly lower in all experimental groups.In ROB cells,the rate of cell proliferation were significantly lower in groups irradiated with 3,6,9Gy.While there was statistical difference between the group irradiated with 1Gy and the control group only irradiated after 7days.And the MTT(OD)value was obviously correlated with the dosage of irradiation.
4.We found that both the ALP activity and BGP levels were decreased significantly in osteoblasts after irradiation.(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group in MC3T3-E1 cell lines,the ALP activity was significantly reduced in groups irradiated with 3,6 and 9Gy,while the BGP levels were significantly reduced in groups 1,3,6 and 9Gy.In ROB cells,there was a significant difference between the control group and experimental groups on the ALP activity and BGP levels.Both the ALP activity and BGP levels were obviously correlated with the dosage of irradiation.
5.We found that mRNA expression of BGP,OPG BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwas decreased significantly in osteoblasts after irradiation.(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group in MC3T3-E1 cell lines,mRNA expression of BGP,BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwas significantly lower in groups irradiated with 3,6 and 9Gy,while mRNA expression of OPG were significantly lower in groups 1,3,6 and 9Gy.Compared with the control group in ROB cells,mRNA expression of OPG and BMP-2 was significantly lower in groups irradiated with 3,6 and 9Gy,while mRNA expression BGP and IGF-Ⅰwere significantly lower in groups 1,3,6 and 9Gy.Quantity of BGP,OPG,BMP-2 and IGF-ⅠmRNA expression were obviously correlated with the dosage of irradiation.
Conclusions
1.Cosmic radiation may affect the level of bone metabolism in civil aviation flight personnel,which was significantly correlated with the effective dose of cosmic radiation.
2.The response to irradiation in MC3T3-E1 cell lines and ROB cells was similar, while the sensitivity was slightly different.After irradiation,the morphology of osteoblasts was obviously changed;the proliferation,differentiation and function of osteoblasts were significantly inhibited,which were significantly related to the radiation dose.While the proliferation,differentiation and function of osteoblasts were different in terms of their sensitivity to irradiation,which may reflect their different mechanisms.After irradiation,mRNA expression of BGP,OPG,BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwere significantly decreased in osteoblasts,which were significantly related to the radiation dose.Irradiation may affect the gene expression of osteoblasts,thus affecting the proliferation,differentiation and function of osteoblasts,which will reduce the bone formation,destruct the balance in the process of rebuilding,and lead to bone damage.
了解高空飞行人员的骨代谢情况,分析飞行人员骨代谢水平与辐射剂量之间的关系,探讨航空辐射环境对飞行人员骨代谢的影响。为进一步为研究辐射引起骨损伤的发病机制,本文利用体外培养技术探讨不同剂量~(137)Csγ射线对成骨细胞的影响,观察辐射后成骨细胞形态学的改变,ALP和BGP活性的变化及成骨细胞相关基因(BGP、OPG、BMP-2、IGF-1)mRNA表达的变化,了解辐射对成骨细胞的影响及其作用机制,为放射性骨损伤的防治提供重要的实验依据。
方法
1.从新疆航空公司所有飞行人员中按年龄随机抽取134名(男性,20～60岁)健康飞行人员和37名(男性,20～60岁)当地健康地面对照人员,按照年龄分成3组:20～年龄组,30～年龄组,40岁及以上年龄组,分别采用放射免疫分析法测定血清骨钙素水平,采用酶联免疫分析法测定血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶水平;根据飞行指令数据使用美国联邦航空署开发的软件CARI-6,计算新疆航空公司飞行航线的宇宙辐射有效剂量率,由此计算飞行人员飞行过程中受到的宇宙辐射年均有效剂量和累积有效剂量,生化指标结果用组间t检验进行比较,并与辐射剂量之间进行相关分析。
2.将MC3T3-E1细胞系和通过酶消化法从新生SD大鼠颅骨中获取的大鼠成骨细胞(ROB)传代后,分别接受1、3、6、9Gy的~(137)Csγ射线的单次照射(剂量率为0.788Gy/min),对照组(0Gy)细胞同时也带入照射准备室。照射后立即更换培养液,并继续培养。每天用相差倒置显微镜动态观察各组成骨细胞形态学的改变,每隔一天采用MTT法检测各组成骨细胞的增殖情况,7天后,收集各组细胞的裂解液用于检测ALP活性,收集各组细胞的上清液用于检测BGP含量,提取细胞内总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法检测各组细胞BGP、OPG、BMP-2、IGF-Ⅰ基因mRNA的表达。
结果
1、飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平均低于对照组水平,飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平与对照组比较,在20～年龄组和30～年龄组均显著降低(p＜0.01),40～年龄组之间没有统计学差异(p＞0.05);根据文献所测新疆航空公司全部航线年平均宇宙辐射有效剂量率为2.55μSv·h~(-1)(1.39～4.90μSv·h~(-1)),计算出被检测飞行人员年均受照有效剂量为1.88mSv·a~(-1)(0.70～4.14mSv·a-1),累积受照有效剂量为20.71mSv(2.81～57.52mSv)。飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平与辐射剂量之间呈显著性负相关(P＜0.01)。
2、两种细胞照射后形态均发生改变。未照射的细胞生长密集,胞质丰富,呈不规则的多角形。受照组细胞胞体增大,数目减少,胞质呈均质状,折光性差,偶见多核巨细胞,随照射剂量增加而更加明显。
3、~(137)Csγ射线照射后第1d、3d、5d、7d,不同剂量照射组成骨细胞的MTT(OD)值及细胞增殖率有差异,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。与对照组同一时间点比较,两种细胞受照组的MTT(OD)值均显著降低,差异有统计学意义;细胞增殖率在MC3T3-E1细胞照射后第1d、3d、5d、7d各组均下降,有统计学差异,而ROB细胞1Gy剂量组照射后第7d才有统计学意义,其它各受照组均有统计学差异。相关分析结果显示,MC3T3-E1细胞和ROB细胞的MTT(OD)值与辐射剂量均呈显著负相关。
4、不同剂量照射组细胞的ALP活性和BGP含量有差异,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MC3T3-E1细胞与对照组比较,3Gy、6Gy、9Gy照射组ALP活性降低,有统计学差异,1Gy、3Gy、6Gy和9Gy照射组BGP含量降低,均有统计学差异;ROB细胞与对照组比较,四个剂量的照射组ALP活性和BGP含量降低,均有统计学意义。相关分析结果显示,MC3T3-E1细胞和ROB细胞的ALP活性和BGP含量与辐射剂量均呈显著负相关。
5、不同剂量照射组细胞的BGP、OPG、BMP-2和IGF-Ⅰ的mRNA表达量有差异,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MC3T3-E1细胞与对照组比较,3Gy、6Gy、9Gy照射组BGP、BMP-2和IGF-Ⅰ的mRNA表达量下降,有统计学差异,OPG的mRNA表达量在四个剂量照射组均下降,有统计学差异;ROB细胞与对照组比较,3Gy、6Gy、9Gy照射组BMP-2和OPG的mRNA表达量下降,有统计学差异,BGP和IGF-1的mRNA表达量在四个剂量照射组均降低,均有统计学差异。相关分析结果显示,MC3T3-E1细胞和ROB细胞的BGP、OPG、BMP-2和IGF-1的mRNA表达量与辐射剂量均呈显著负相关。
结论
1、航空辐射环境因素可影响民航飞行人员的骨代谢水平,其骨代谢水平与飞行过程中受到的宇宙辐射有效剂量密切相关。
2、MC3T3-E1细胞系和ROB细胞对辐射的反应相似,只是敏感性稍有不同。辐射后细胞形态发生明显改变,辐射对成骨细胞的增殖、分化和功能均有抑制作用,与辐射剂量呈明显相关,在辐射剂量的界值上,增殖、分化和功能存在差异,反映出增殖、分化和功能三者之间的机制的不同;BGP、OPG、BMP-2和IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达水平下降,并且与辐射剂量呈显著相关,提示辐射可能通过影响成骨细胞相关基因的表达,从而影响成骨细胞的增殖与分化及其功能,导致骨形成减少,破坏骨重建过程中的平衡,引起骨损伤。
Objective
To explore the effects of aeronautical environmental factors on bone metabolism in civil aviation flight personnel,we investigated the biochemical markers of bone metabolism and calculated the effective dose of cosmic radiation for flight personnel, and then we analyzed the correlations between the level of bone metabolism and the effective dose of cosmic radiation.To explore the pathogenesis of bone injury induced by irradiation,we established the experimental model with two different sources of osteoblasts(MC3T3-E1 cell lines and primary cultured rat's osteoblasts) by in vitro cell culture technology.To explore the effects and mechanism of radiation on osteoblasts,the cultured osteoblasts were irradiated with different doses ~(137)Csγ-rays.We observed the changes of morphology,ALP activity and BGP activity and mRNA expression of bone Glaprotein(BGP),osteoprotegerin(OPG),bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2),insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ),which will provide important experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of radioactive bone injury.
Methods
1.134 healthy male civil aviation flight personnel of xinjiang airline stratified by age (from the age of 20 to 60 years)and 37 healthy male controls(from the age of 20 to 60 years)were randomly selected and were divided into three different age groups(from 20 to 29,from 30 to 39 and above 40 years old).Bone glaprotein(BGP)was measured with radioimmunoassay and bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BALP) was measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay,with the help of aircraft flight information from flight performance manual,software CARI-6 developed by U.S Federal Aviation Administration was used to calculate the effective dose of cosmic radiation along the air lines,then individual annual cosmic radiation dose and cumulative cosmic radiation dose on flight personnel was estimated from the data calculated by CARI-6.The results were analyzed with t-test,and the correlations between the variables and the flight hours were analyzed with linear correlation.
2.The MC3T3-E1 cell lines and the rat's osteoblasts(ROB)isolated from the skull of the newborn SD rats by sequential enzymatic digestion were once irradiated with ~(137) Csγ-rays(dose Rate of 0.788Gy/min)at 1,3,6 and 9Gy respectively.The control group(0Gy)cells also were taken into the preparation room.The culture medium was changed immediately after irradiation.We observed the morphological changes of osteoblasts with phase-contrast microscope every day and detected cell proliferation by MTT every other day.7 days later,ALP activity and BGP levels were measured. Total RNA was extracted with TRIZOL reagent and mRNA expressions of BGP、OPG、BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwere determined by RT-PCR semi-quantitatively.
Results
1.The results showed that both the BGP and BALP level were lower in civil aviation flight personnel,compared with controls.The BGP and BALP in groups aged from 20 to 29 years and from 30 to 39 years were significantly lower than in control group respectively(P＜0.01),while there was no statistical difference between two groups aged above 40 years old(P＞0.05.According to the literature,the average effective dose rate of all flights of Xinjiang Airlines was 2.55μSv.h~(-1)(ranging between 1.39～4.90μSv.h~(-1)).Average annual cosmic radiation dose on flight personnel was 1.88mSv.a~(-1)(ranging between 0.70～4.14mSv.a~(-1)),cumulative cosmic radiation dose on flight personnel was 20.71 mSv(ranging between 2.81～57.52mSv).Both the BGP and the BALP were significantly correlated with annual cosmic radiation dose and cumulative cosmic radiation dose in civil aviation flight personnel.(P＜0.01).
2.The results showed that morphology of osteoblasts changed both in MC3T3-E1 cell lines and ROB cells after irradiation.The osteoblasts without irradiation grew intensively with rich cytoplasm and irregular polygon.However,the osteoblasts irradiated with different doses of 137 Csγ-rays were larger,containing more nuclei, homogeneous cytoplasm,poor refraction and multinucleated giant cells occasionally. The above changes were more obvious with increasing dosage of irradiation.
3.We found that both MTT(OD)value and the rate of cell proliferation were decreased significantly in osteoblasts irradiated after 1d,3d,5d,7d(P＜0.01). Compared with the control group,the MTT(OD)value was significantly lower in all experimental groups of MC3T3-E1 cell lines and ROB cells.Compared with the control group at the same time point,the rate of cell proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cell lines were significantly lower in all experimental groups.In ROB cells,the rate of cell proliferation were significantly lower in groups irradiated with 3,6,9Gy.While there was statistical difference between the group irradiated with 1Gy and the control group only irradiated after 7days.And the MTT(OD)value was obviously correlated with the dosage of irradiation.
4.We found that both the ALP activity and BGP levels were decreased significantly in osteoblasts after irradiation.(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group in MC3T3-E1 cell lines,the ALP activity was significantly reduced in groups irradiated with 3,6 and 9Gy,while the BGP levels were significantly reduced in groups 1,3,6 and 9Gy.In ROB cells,there was a significant difference between the control group and experimental groups on the ALP activity and BGP levels.Both the ALP activity and BGP levels were obviously correlated with the dosage of irradiation.
5.We found that mRNA expression of BGP,OPG BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwas decreased significantly in osteoblasts after irradiation.(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group in MC3T3-E1 cell lines,mRNA expression of BGP,BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwas significantly lower in groups irradiated with 3,6 and 9Gy,while mRNA expression of OPG were significantly lower in groups 1,3,6 and 9Gy.Compared with the control group in ROB cells,mRNA expression of OPG and BMP-2 was significantly lower in groups irradiated with 3,6 and 9Gy,while mRNA expression BGP and IGF-Ⅰwere significantly lower in groups 1,3,6 and 9Gy.Quantity of BGP,OPG,BMP-2 and IGF-ⅠmRNA expression were obviously correlated with the dosage of irradiation.
Conclusions
1.Cosmic radiation may affect the level of bone metabolism in civil aviation flight personnel,which was significantly correlated with the effective dose of cosmic radiation.
2.The response to irradiation in MC3T3-E1 cell lines and ROB cells was similar, while the sensitivity was slightly different.After irradiation,the morphology of osteoblasts was obviously changed;the proliferation,differentiation and function of osteoblasts were significantly inhibited,which were significantly related to the radiation dose.While the proliferation,differentiation and function of osteoblasts were different in terms of their sensitivity to irradiation,which may reflect their different mechanisms.After irradiation,mRNA expression of BGP,OPG,BMP-2 and IGF-Ⅰwere significantly decreased in osteoblasts,which were significantly related to the radiation dose.Irradiation may affect the gene expression of osteoblasts,thus affecting the proliferation,differentiation and function of osteoblasts,which will reduce the bone formation,destruct the balance in the process of rebuilding,and lead to bone damage.
引文
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