有机—无机层状类钙钛矿（RNH_3）_2CuX_4的结构及薄膜制备与性能
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摘要
层状类钙钛矿结构的有机-无机化合物由有机、无机组元在分子水平上组合而成。若能将两种组元的性质特征在组装材料中得到充分发挥,将使其具有一些独特的性质和功能。因此该类化合物在微电子领域中有广泛的应用前景。本论文以Cu(Ⅱ)体系为主要研究对象,变换有机材料来调节化合物的能带结构,在此基础上来研究卤素的变化对不同化合物材料的结构和性能的变化,并研究了制备条件对薄膜质量的影响。
本文对预期具有层状类钙钛矿结构、化学式为(RNH_3)_2CuX_4(其中RNH_2=苯乙胺,苄胺,苯胺,对苯二胺;X=Cl,Br)的有机-无机化合物晶体的合成与结构进行了系统研究,用液相反应成功合成出各系列化合物,并得到了各系列化合物的最佳合成条件。
用常温下的X射线衍射谱、扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外谱和热重分析对各系列化合物的常温结构,对各组分间的相互作用进行了系统的研究。研究发现,对苯二胺系列以外的化合物都具有典型的层状结构,相同无机组元系列化合物的层间距随有机链长的增加而增加,且与有机层中有机分子的排列有关。有机组元的选择对产物层状效果影响较大,金属-卤离子、有机-无机组元、有机-有机组元之间相互作用的不同对化合物的结构形成及稳定性都有影响。
用旋涂法制备了各系列化合物的薄膜,通过探讨溶液浓度、退火工艺、旋涂次数等因素的影响得到了各化合物形成连续薄膜的制备工艺。对薄膜的结构分析表明薄膜是沿垂直于基底的方向生长的,苯乙胺、苄胺系列的化合物更容易形成连续薄膜。通过对薄膜的光谱分析,发现无机组元的选择能在较大范围内调节化合物能带结构,而有机组元则可起到微调的作用。荧光光谱表明发光由无机组元决定,且C1系列的荧光强度远远高于Br系列。
利用霍尔效应测得了各化合物薄膜的载流子迁移率,研究表明载流子迁移率的大小由体系的选择决定,而且很大程度上取决于薄膜的制备工艺。相同无机组元时载流子迁移率大小排序为苯乙胺＞苄胺＞苯胺＞对苯二胺,与化合物中有机层排列的有序度息息相关,而C1系列的载流子迁移率2—3倍于Br系列。
Layered perovskite-type organic-inorganic hybrids are sort of the assembly of the organic and inorganic units on the molecular scale. In the microelectronics field, the potential application of the hybrids is in good prospect for their novel properties. The inorganic components mainly reported in this study are copper halides. On the basis of Changing the organic components compose to modulate the band structure of the hybrids, study the change of the halogen on structure and properties of different materials. The deposition of films is also taken into account
The dissertation systems studied the synthesis and the structures of the organic-inorganic hybrids with chemical formula (RNH_3)_2CuX_4 and the expected layered perovskite-type structure, where RNH_2= aniline, para-phenylene diamine, benzyl amine, 2-Phenylethylamine and X= Cl, Br. The hybrids were successfully synthesized by liquid phase reactions. The optimum synthetic conditions were found out.
The structures of the hybrids at room temperature and the interactions between the different components in the hybrids were characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DSC. The results demonstrated that all hybrids feature layered structures except the organic species is para-phenylene diamine, and the interlayer distance increases depend linearly on the increasing of the organic alkyl chain lengths. The layer structures are presumably from the arrangements of the organic cations. The different interactions between the metal and the halogen, the inorganic and the organic, the organic and the organic components make the obvious influence on the structure forming and the stabilities of the hybrids.
The films of organic-inorganic hybrid compounds were prepared by spin-coating method. The results demonstrated that spin-coated films are higher oriented and the (0 0 1) planes are perpendicular to the substrate surface. The continuous films are easily prepared when the organic components are benzyl amine and 2-Phenylethylamine. The room-temperature UV-Vis absorption spectra and the room-temperature fluorescence spectra of the films were used to examine the effect on the optical properties of varying X and varying n, respectively. The results indicated that the inorganic species control the energy band on a large scope, while the organic species could give a micro-tuning on their optical properties. When the inorganic species are changed from chloride to bromide, the fluorescence intensity of the hybrids reduced.
The carrier mobility of the hybrid films were measured by Hall Effect, which influenced by the systems, and highly by the spin-coated process. The carrier mobility is related to the arrangements of the organic cations, which decreased according to the sequence of 2-Phenylethylamine, benzyl amine, aniline, para-phenylene diamine. The carrier mobility of copper chloride 2-3 times to copper bromide.
本文对预期具有层状类钙钛矿结构、化学式为(RNH_3)_2CuX_4(其中RNH_2=苯乙胺,苄胺,苯胺,对苯二胺;X=Cl,Br)的有机-无机化合物晶体的合成与结构进行了系统研究,用液相反应成功合成出各系列化合物,并得到了各系列化合物的最佳合成条件。
用常温下的X射线衍射谱、扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外谱和热重分析对各系列化合物的常温结构,对各组分间的相互作用进行了系统的研究。研究发现,对苯二胺系列以外的化合物都具有典型的层状结构,相同无机组元系列化合物的层间距随有机链长的增加而增加,且与有机层中有机分子的排列有关。有机组元的选择对产物层状效果影响较大,金属-卤离子、有机-无机组元、有机-有机组元之间相互作用的不同对化合物的结构形成及稳定性都有影响。
用旋涂法制备了各系列化合物的薄膜,通过探讨溶液浓度、退火工艺、旋涂次数等因素的影响得到了各化合物形成连续薄膜的制备工艺。对薄膜的结构分析表明薄膜是沿垂直于基底的方向生长的,苯乙胺、苄胺系列的化合物更容易形成连续薄膜。通过对薄膜的光谱分析,发现无机组元的选择能在较大范围内调节化合物能带结构,而有机组元则可起到微调的作用。荧光光谱表明发光由无机组元决定,且C1系列的荧光强度远远高于Br系列。
利用霍尔效应测得了各化合物薄膜的载流子迁移率,研究表明载流子迁移率的大小由体系的选择决定,而且很大程度上取决于薄膜的制备工艺。相同无机组元时载流子迁移率大小排序为苯乙胺＞苄胺＞苯胺＞对苯二胺,与化合物中有机层排列的有序度息息相关,而C1系列的载流子迁移率2—3倍于Br系列。
Layered perovskite-type organic-inorganic hybrids are sort of the assembly of the organic and inorganic units on the molecular scale. In the microelectronics field, the potential application of the hybrids is in good prospect for their novel properties. The inorganic components mainly reported in this study are copper halides. On the basis of Changing the organic components compose to modulate the band structure of the hybrids, study the change of the halogen on structure and properties of different materials. The deposition of films is also taken into account
The dissertation systems studied the synthesis and the structures of the organic-inorganic hybrids with chemical formula (RNH_3)_2CuX_4 and the expected layered perovskite-type structure, where RNH_2= aniline, para-phenylene diamine, benzyl amine, 2-Phenylethylamine and X= Cl, Br. The hybrids were successfully synthesized by liquid phase reactions. The optimum synthetic conditions were found out.
The structures of the hybrids at room temperature and the interactions between the different components in the hybrids were characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DSC. The results demonstrated that all hybrids feature layered structures except the organic species is para-phenylene diamine, and the interlayer distance increases depend linearly on the increasing of the organic alkyl chain lengths. The layer structures are presumably from the arrangements of the organic cations. The different interactions between the metal and the halogen, the inorganic and the organic, the organic and the organic components make the obvious influence on the structure forming and the stabilities of the hybrids.
The films of organic-inorganic hybrid compounds were prepared by spin-coating method. The results demonstrated that spin-coated films are higher oriented and the (0 0 1) planes are perpendicular to the substrate surface. The continuous films are easily prepared when the organic components are benzyl amine and 2-Phenylethylamine. The room-temperature UV-Vis absorption spectra and the room-temperature fluorescence spectra of the films were used to examine the effect on the optical properties of varying X and varying n, respectively. The results indicated that the inorganic species control the energy band on a large scope, while the organic species could give a micro-tuning on their optical properties. When the inorganic species are changed from chloride to bromide, the fluorescence intensity of the hybrids reduced.
The carrier mobility of the hybrid films were measured by Hall Effect, which influenced by the systems, and highly by the spin-coated process. The carrier mobility is related to the arrangements of the organic cations, which decreased according to the sequence of 2-Phenylethylamine, benzyl amine, aniline, para-phenylene diamine. The carrier mobility of copper chloride 2-3 times to copper bromide.
引文
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