建筑物下条带开采冒落区注浆充填减沉技术的理论研究
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摘要
条带开采和充填开采既是建筑物下压煤开采的常用技术途径,又是煤矿绿色开采技术体系的重要组成部分。但前者受回收率低的制约,后者受成本高、工艺复杂等因素的影响,限制了两者在煤矿的应用。为此,组合两者优点,基于关键层理论和煤矿绿色开采理念,提出了条带开采冒落区注浆充填减沉新技术。本论文对其基础理论问题进行了深入系统研究。
为研究条带开采冒落区破碎矸石堆体的可注性问题,运用分形理论研究了条带开采冒落矸石堆体形态、空隙分布特征。构建了煤矿冒落区空隙分布分形模型,并根据煤矿地质开采条件和采煤工作面参数确定了分形维数的计算方法,在此基础上建立了冒落区注浆空隙体积计算公式。该公式的正确性在祁东煤矿冒落区注浆充填堵水工程中得到验证,并用该公式对某煤矿建筑物下条带开采冒落区注浆充填量进行了预计。
提出了冒落矸石注浆充填体概念;为了研究其工程力学特征,研制了一套室内力学测试装置,并引入了PFC颗粒元数值试验方法。通过室内力学试验和数值试验分析了不同充填率、充填方式和岩性等因素对条带冒落矸石注浆充填体工程力学特性的影响,结果表明:在有围压条件下,冒矸注浆充填体是良好的地下承载结构体,可以减缓覆岩沉降,限制煤岩柱侧向变形。
通过物理模拟方法,首次研究了冒落区注浆充填中覆岩关键层的运动特征,分析了冒落区充填开采与垮落法开采的覆岩关键层破断失稳之差异,结合理论推导得出:基于关键层进行条带开采设计,冒落区注浆充填可以扩大条带采宽。根据条带开采冒落区注浆充填减沉技术的工程布置特点,建立了“冒落矸石充填体—煤柱—关键层”共同承载结构力学模型,分析了条带开采冒落区注浆充填减小地表沉陷的机理;借助PFC颗粒元数值试验和相似材料物理模拟揭示了冒落区充填体、煤柱与关键层三者之间相互作用的减沉力学机理。
提出了充填减沉置换当量概念,结合本论文理论研究成果,建立了条带开采冒落区注浆充填减沉技术的设计方法,并对某县城下条带开采冒落区注浆充填采煤工业试验方案进行了设计;基于绿色开采理念,提出了煤电一体化充填新工艺,并以工业试验方案为例,对该项新工艺进行了初步设计。为了对煤矿充填新技术适用性进行评估,提出了煤矿采充均衡评价原则,研究了条带开采冒落区注浆充填开采的采充均衡问题,结果表明该技术能够实现采充均衡。
Strip mining and backfill mining are main mining technology under buildings and important component of green mining technology. However, the former is restricted in colliery because of its lower extraction ratio, and the latter is little applied in coal mine by reason of its high cost and complex process. Based on the key strata theory, the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was proposed, which integrates the advantages of strip mining and backfill mining.The paper did further system research aimed at the basic theory of new technology.
In order to evaluate the filling of the falling rock in caving area formed in strip mining, the surfaces characteristics and void distribution features of the falling rock were studied with fractal theory. The fractal models was constructed by the fractal geometry theory for the void distribution of falling rock in caving area formed in coal mining. The corresponding fractal dimensions of void distribution of caving area were determined according to mining geology condition and the parameters of coal working faces.Then, an effective calculating formula that controls filling volume was deduced from the fractal theory. The formula and the fractal models have been proven to be effective to predict voids-filling of caving area in Qidong coal mine, and they are applied in predicting the filling volume in caving area with strip mining under buildings.
The conception of falling rock backfill with strip mining was defined in the paper. In order to study the mechanics character of falling rock backfill with strip mining, a set of experiment equipment was designed and manufactured, and the numerical simulation on the mechanics experimental scheme was executed with the PFC particle flow code. The factors influenced on the mechanics character of the backfill were analyzed by mechanics test in laboratory and numerical experiment,and the factors includes fill ration, fill means and rock property. The results show that falling rock backfill with strip mining is a favorable bearing structural body, which can reduce surface subsidence, and restrict lateral distortion of coal pillar if the backfill is subjected to confining pressure.
By the physical simulation, the paper studied the characteristics of key strata movement when the grouting backfill in caving area is applied in coal mine, which can control the movement of overlying rock and the surface subsidence.After analyzing the difference of key strata fracture between grouting backfill and longwall mining system, the paper carried out further mechanism analysis. The experiment results and mechanical analysis show that the grouting backfill in caving area can extend the mining width when the key strata theory is used in designing strip mining. According to the engineering features of the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings, the mechanics model of reducing subsidence by key strata-coal pillar-falling rock backfill was established successfully. Mechanism of reducing surface subsidence was analyzed when the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was applied.The mechanics mechanism of reducing subsidence by key strata-coal pillar-falling rock backfill was revealed after analyzing the results of the PFC numerical simulation and physical simulation
The paper put forward the principle of substitutional filling reducing subsidence equivalent. Design method of the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was established based on the theoretical research results. Furthermore the method was applied in the strip mining design of a county town and achieved favorable results. Based on green mining idea, an incorporate fill technology of coal mine and power plant was proposed, and preliminary design method has been used in mining industrial test scheme under buildings. In order to evaluate fill technology, the principle of the balance between mining out and backfill was proposed, and the balance between mining out and backfill was studied when the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was applied. The results show that the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings can achieve the balance between mining out and backfill.
为研究条带开采冒落区破碎矸石堆体的可注性问题,运用分形理论研究了条带开采冒落矸石堆体形态、空隙分布特征。构建了煤矿冒落区空隙分布分形模型,并根据煤矿地质开采条件和采煤工作面参数确定了分形维数的计算方法,在此基础上建立了冒落区注浆空隙体积计算公式。该公式的正确性在祁东煤矿冒落区注浆充填堵水工程中得到验证,并用该公式对某煤矿建筑物下条带开采冒落区注浆充填量进行了预计。
提出了冒落矸石注浆充填体概念;为了研究其工程力学特征,研制了一套室内力学测试装置,并引入了PFC颗粒元数值试验方法。通过室内力学试验和数值试验分析了不同充填率、充填方式和岩性等因素对条带冒落矸石注浆充填体工程力学特性的影响,结果表明:在有围压条件下,冒矸注浆充填体是良好的地下承载结构体,可以减缓覆岩沉降,限制煤岩柱侧向变形。
通过物理模拟方法,首次研究了冒落区注浆充填中覆岩关键层的运动特征,分析了冒落区充填开采与垮落法开采的覆岩关键层破断失稳之差异,结合理论推导得出:基于关键层进行条带开采设计,冒落区注浆充填可以扩大条带采宽。根据条带开采冒落区注浆充填减沉技术的工程布置特点,建立了“冒落矸石充填体—煤柱—关键层”共同承载结构力学模型,分析了条带开采冒落区注浆充填减小地表沉陷的机理;借助PFC颗粒元数值试验和相似材料物理模拟揭示了冒落区充填体、煤柱与关键层三者之间相互作用的减沉力学机理。
提出了充填减沉置换当量概念,结合本论文理论研究成果,建立了条带开采冒落区注浆充填减沉技术的设计方法,并对某县城下条带开采冒落区注浆充填采煤工业试验方案进行了设计;基于绿色开采理念,提出了煤电一体化充填新工艺,并以工业试验方案为例,对该项新工艺进行了初步设计。为了对煤矿充填新技术适用性进行评估,提出了煤矿采充均衡评价原则,研究了条带开采冒落区注浆充填开采的采充均衡问题,结果表明该技术能够实现采充均衡。
Strip mining and backfill mining are main mining technology under buildings and important component of green mining technology. However, the former is restricted in colliery because of its lower extraction ratio, and the latter is little applied in coal mine by reason of its high cost and complex process. Based on the key strata theory, the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was proposed, which integrates the advantages of strip mining and backfill mining.The paper did further system research aimed at the basic theory of new technology.
In order to evaluate the filling of the falling rock in caving area formed in strip mining, the surfaces characteristics and void distribution features of the falling rock were studied with fractal theory. The fractal models was constructed by the fractal geometry theory for the void distribution of falling rock in caving area formed in coal mining. The corresponding fractal dimensions of void distribution of caving area were determined according to mining geology condition and the parameters of coal working faces.Then, an effective calculating formula that controls filling volume was deduced from the fractal theory. The formula and the fractal models have been proven to be effective to predict voids-filling of caving area in Qidong coal mine, and they are applied in predicting the filling volume in caving area with strip mining under buildings.
The conception of falling rock backfill with strip mining was defined in the paper. In order to study the mechanics character of falling rock backfill with strip mining, a set of experiment equipment was designed and manufactured, and the numerical simulation on the mechanics experimental scheme was executed with the PFC particle flow code. The factors influenced on the mechanics character of the backfill were analyzed by mechanics test in laboratory and numerical experiment,and the factors includes fill ration, fill means and rock property. The results show that falling rock backfill with strip mining is a favorable bearing structural body, which can reduce surface subsidence, and restrict lateral distortion of coal pillar if the backfill is subjected to confining pressure.
By the physical simulation, the paper studied the characteristics of key strata movement when the grouting backfill in caving area is applied in coal mine, which can control the movement of overlying rock and the surface subsidence.After analyzing the difference of key strata fracture between grouting backfill and longwall mining system, the paper carried out further mechanism analysis. The experiment results and mechanical analysis show that the grouting backfill in caving area can extend the mining width when the key strata theory is used in designing strip mining. According to the engineering features of the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings, the mechanics model of reducing subsidence by key strata-coal pillar-falling rock backfill was established successfully. Mechanism of reducing surface subsidence was analyzed when the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was applied.The mechanics mechanism of reducing subsidence by key strata-coal pillar-falling rock backfill was revealed after analyzing the results of the PFC numerical simulation and physical simulation
The paper put forward the principle of substitutional filling reducing subsidence equivalent. Design method of the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was established based on the theoretical research results. Furthermore the method was applied in the strip mining design of a county town and achieved favorable results. Based on green mining idea, an incorporate fill technology of coal mine and power plant was proposed, and preliminary design method has been used in mining industrial test scheme under buildings. In order to evaluate fill technology, the principle of the balance between mining out and backfill was proposed, and the balance between mining out and backfill was studied when the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings was applied. The results show that the grouting backfill in caving area with strip mining under buildings can achieve the balance between mining out and backfill.
引文
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