土地开发整理区土壤质量遥感定量评价研究
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摘要
我国当前开展的土地开发整理是党中央国务院根据我国现阶段经济发展水平做出的战略决策,其中耕地保护,提高耕地土壤质量是一个重要方面。随着不同级别的土地开发整理项目的开展,对于土地开发整理项目的验收评价,尤其是项目完成后土壤质量的定量评价,变得越来越重要。目前对土地开发整理后土壤质量评价工作做的很少,一方面是土壤质量评价标准尚未统一,另一方面是进行土壤质量评价需要很大的人力物力财力和时间,所以这项工作很少很难深入开展。遥感技术以其快速、准确、经济、可周期性观测等优点,在土壤有机质监测、土壤水分监测、土地利用变化监测、植被指数监测等方面的成功运用,为土地开发整理工作中的土壤质量评价提供了新的思路和技术保障。
依据《土地开发整理项目验收规程》(TD/T1013—2000)和《全国第二次土壤普查技术规程》,本文提出并建立涵括土壤物理指标、化学指标、生物指标等方面的土地开发整理区土壤质量遥感定量评价指标体系,对土壤有机质含量、地表温度、蒸散量、土壤水分、土壤侵蚀、植被指数盖度等进行提取,该体系将为土地开发整理项目验收及土壤质量评价提供理论和技术的支持,同时利用遥感技术对土地开发整理后土壤质量评价也是一个新的研究领域,将丰富我国土地整理理论,促进数字农业和精准农业的发展。
土壤有机质是反映土壤肥力的重要指标。本文以SPOT, TM/ETM多光谱影像为数据源,进行星地同步实验、采集土样以及测定分析处理土样光谱曲线,建立多光谱遥感影像与土壤有机质定量多项式及BP神经网络反演模型,模型反演精度高,可推广应用,反演结果表明土壤肥力提高而且分布均匀,与土样测定结果相符,土地整理效果显著,克服了传统人工采样的费时费力的弊端。研究证明在湖南丘陵区土壤有机质等成分与实测样本点反射率、影像样本点反射率均有对应的拟合关系,尤其是在红光、近红外波段拟合效果最好,拟合度达到0.8以上
温度、蒸散量与土壤质量密切相关,本研究结合SEBAL模型,利用TM/ETM遥感数据对湖南丘陵区的土地开发整理项目区的地表温度、蒸散量在空间分布进行了探索,实验表明,SEBAL模型可以合理、有效地绘制出研究区的土壤温度、蒸散量分布图,反演结果真实有效。这是首次利用地表温度、蒸散量来反演土地开发整理区的土壤质量。
植被指数与土壤侵蚀程度是决定土壤质量的重要指标。本文利用面向对象技术对湖南丘陵区的土地开发整理项目区进行土地利用类型遥感识别,提出TM影像提取植被指数算法研究,对实验区的植被指数进行解译,利用3S技术分析土地利用动态变化、土壤侵蚀动态变化以及土壤侵蚀变化与土壤质量之间的关系。研究结果表明,经过土地开发整理后,植被覆盖度大幅增加,土壤侵蚀情况有明显的改善。
以湖南省湘潭县杨嘉桥乡和常德市汉寿县南台村两个土地整理开发区为实验区,对土壤有机质含量、地表温度、蒸散量、土壤水分以及土壤侵蚀、植被指数等土壤质量遥感评价指标进行信息提取和综合分析,采用综合指数法对研究区土壤质量各项遥感评价指标进行分级定权,利用本文建立的土地开发整理区土壤质量遥感评价体系对研究区土壤质量进行综合评价分析,评价结果与实际相符。研究成果在该领域实现了理论方法和技术创新,将是土地开发整理项目中进行土壤质量评价的发展趋势。
The policy of land developing and consolidating in our co-untry is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee under the state council based on the current level of economic development of China. Cultivated land protection and improvement of soil quality is the important aspect. With the development of the different levels of land developing and consolidating project, evaluations for these projects, especially the soil quality quantitative evaluations after consolidating is becoming more and more important. Evaluations for the soil quality after land developing and consolidating are very few. There are two reasons. On is the soil quality evaluation standards having not unified, on the other hand, soil quality evaluation takes a lot of manual labor and time, material and financial resources, so it is very difficulty and few people do the job. Remote sensing technology has been used successfully in many aspects such as the soil organic matter, soil moisture, land use change monitoring and vegetation index monitoring and so on for the advantages of rapid, accurate, economic, and can be periodic observation, provides a new train of thought and technical support for soil quality evaluation of land development and consolidation.
Based on the land development projects acceptance regulation and the second soil survey technical regulation of China, the idea is put forward innovatively for the first time that using Remote Sensing technology to establish soil quality evaluation index system including soil physical, chemical indicators, biological indicators for the land development and consolidation area, and extracting the soil organic matter, the surface temperature, evaporation, soil moisture, soil erosion, vegetation coverage index and so on. This theory and technology support for the soil quality evaluation is provided after land consolidation. At the same time, it is a new research field to using the remote sensing technology in soil quality evaluation after land development and consolidation, it will also enrich the land consolidation theory of China, promoting the formation of land consolidation evaluation theoretical system, promoting the development of digital agriculture and precision agriculture
Using the SPOT, TM/ETM multi-spectrum image as data sources for the first time by collecting soil samples from field to do indoor analysis, determining the field soil sample spectrum curve at the same time, to analysis the spectral curve and build up multispectral remote sensing image and quantitative polynomial and the BP neural network inversion model of soil organic matter. Model inversion accuracy is high, the inversion results show that the soil organic matter content increased obviously after land consolidation, the soil fertility improved and the distribution is uniform, the inversion results consistent with the sample determination results, land leveling effect is remarkable. Validation for the first time in Hunan hilly region of soil organic matter composition such as reflectivity, image sample points and the measured sample points reflectivity has the corresponding fitting relationship, especially in the red light and near infrared band best fitting effect, fitting degree reaches more than0.8.
Temperature and evaporation are closely related with soil quality. Using SEBAL model and TM/ETM remote sensing data for the surface temperature and evaporation in spatial distribution in development and consolidation project area of Hunan hilly land has carried on the exploration. The results show that the SEBAL model can map the project area soil temperature profile or evaporation reasonably and effectively in the region and the inversion results is real and effective. It is the first time that inversing the temperature and evaporation with soil quality of land developing and consolidating.
Vegetation index and soil erosion degree are the most important indicators of the soil quality. Object-oriented technology has been used to identify the types of land use remote sensing in Hunan's hilly area of land development and consolidation project area, the algorithm research of TM images extracting the vegetation index is been put forward, interpreting the vegetation index in the study area, using the3S technology to analyzing the dynamic variation of land using, soil erosion and the relationship between the changes of soil erosion and soil quality. The results show that after the land development and consolidation, vegetation coverage is increased, soil erosion is greatly improved.
Two land consolidation development experimental regions are Xiangtan county of Hunan province Yang Jiaqiao township and Changde HanShou county NanTai village, by acquiring remote sensing images and field soil samples collected before and after land consolidation, the measured spectral data, extracting the soil quality evaluation index information of remote sensing for the first time in Hunan hilly region of soil organic matter content, surface temperature, evaporation, soil moisture and soil erosion, vegetation index etc. This paper Classified and Weighted the soil quality evaluation index of remote sensing with comprehensive index, evaluated and analyzed the soil quality of the study region used the soil quality evaluation index system. The innovation of theory and technology is provided, the evaluation results is in line with the actual.It will be a development trend of soil quality evaluation in the land development and consolidation project.
依据《土地开发整理项目验收规程》(TD/T1013—2000)和《全国第二次土壤普查技术规程》,本文提出并建立涵括土壤物理指标、化学指标、生物指标等方面的土地开发整理区土壤质量遥感定量评价指标体系,对土壤有机质含量、地表温度、蒸散量、土壤水分、土壤侵蚀、植被指数盖度等进行提取,该体系将为土地开发整理项目验收及土壤质量评价提供理论和技术的支持,同时利用遥感技术对土地开发整理后土壤质量评价也是一个新的研究领域,将丰富我国土地整理理论,促进数字农业和精准农业的发展。
土壤有机质是反映土壤肥力的重要指标。本文以SPOT, TM/ETM多光谱影像为数据源,进行星地同步实验、采集土样以及测定分析处理土样光谱曲线,建立多光谱遥感影像与土壤有机质定量多项式及BP神经网络反演模型,模型反演精度高,可推广应用,反演结果表明土壤肥力提高而且分布均匀,与土样测定结果相符,土地整理效果显著,克服了传统人工采样的费时费力的弊端。研究证明在湖南丘陵区土壤有机质等成分与实测样本点反射率、影像样本点反射率均有对应的拟合关系,尤其是在红光、近红外波段拟合效果最好,拟合度达到0.8以上
温度、蒸散量与土壤质量密切相关,本研究结合SEBAL模型,利用TM/ETM遥感数据对湖南丘陵区的土地开发整理项目区的地表温度、蒸散量在空间分布进行了探索,实验表明,SEBAL模型可以合理、有效地绘制出研究区的土壤温度、蒸散量分布图,反演结果真实有效。这是首次利用地表温度、蒸散量来反演土地开发整理区的土壤质量。
植被指数与土壤侵蚀程度是决定土壤质量的重要指标。本文利用面向对象技术对湖南丘陵区的土地开发整理项目区进行土地利用类型遥感识别,提出TM影像提取植被指数算法研究,对实验区的植被指数进行解译,利用3S技术分析土地利用动态变化、土壤侵蚀动态变化以及土壤侵蚀变化与土壤质量之间的关系。研究结果表明,经过土地开发整理后,植被覆盖度大幅增加,土壤侵蚀情况有明显的改善。
以湖南省湘潭县杨嘉桥乡和常德市汉寿县南台村两个土地整理开发区为实验区,对土壤有机质含量、地表温度、蒸散量、土壤水分以及土壤侵蚀、植被指数等土壤质量遥感评价指标进行信息提取和综合分析,采用综合指数法对研究区土壤质量各项遥感评价指标进行分级定权,利用本文建立的土地开发整理区土壤质量遥感评价体系对研究区土壤质量进行综合评价分析,评价结果与实际相符。研究成果在该领域实现了理论方法和技术创新,将是土地开发整理项目中进行土壤质量评价的发展趋势。
The policy of land developing and consolidating in our co-untry is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee under the state council based on the current level of economic development of China. Cultivated land protection and improvement of soil quality is the important aspect. With the development of the different levels of land developing and consolidating project, evaluations for these projects, especially the soil quality quantitative evaluations after consolidating is becoming more and more important. Evaluations for the soil quality after land developing and consolidating are very few. There are two reasons. On is the soil quality evaluation standards having not unified, on the other hand, soil quality evaluation takes a lot of manual labor and time, material and financial resources, so it is very difficulty and few people do the job. Remote sensing technology has been used successfully in many aspects such as the soil organic matter, soil moisture, land use change monitoring and vegetation index monitoring and so on for the advantages of rapid, accurate, economic, and can be periodic observation, provides a new train of thought and technical support for soil quality evaluation of land development and consolidation.
Based on the land development projects acceptance regulation and the second soil survey technical regulation of China, the idea is put forward innovatively for the first time that using Remote Sensing technology to establish soil quality evaluation index system including soil physical, chemical indicators, biological indicators for the land development and consolidation area, and extracting the soil organic matter, the surface temperature, evaporation, soil moisture, soil erosion, vegetation coverage index and so on. This theory and technology support for the soil quality evaluation is provided after land consolidation. At the same time, it is a new research field to using the remote sensing technology in soil quality evaluation after land development and consolidation, it will also enrich the land consolidation theory of China, promoting the formation of land consolidation evaluation theoretical system, promoting the development of digital agriculture and precision agriculture
Using the SPOT, TM/ETM multi-spectrum image as data sources for the first time by collecting soil samples from field to do indoor analysis, determining the field soil sample spectrum curve at the same time, to analysis the spectral curve and build up multispectral remote sensing image and quantitative polynomial and the BP neural network inversion model of soil organic matter. Model inversion accuracy is high, the inversion results show that the soil organic matter content increased obviously after land consolidation, the soil fertility improved and the distribution is uniform, the inversion results consistent with the sample determination results, land leveling effect is remarkable. Validation for the first time in Hunan hilly region of soil organic matter composition such as reflectivity, image sample points and the measured sample points reflectivity has the corresponding fitting relationship, especially in the red light and near infrared band best fitting effect, fitting degree reaches more than0.8.
Temperature and evaporation are closely related with soil quality. Using SEBAL model and TM/ETM remote sensing data for the surface temperature and evaporation in spatial distribution in development and consolidation project area of Hunan hilly land has carried on the exploration. The results show that the SEBAL model can map the project area soil temperature profile or evaporation reasonably and effectively in the region and the inversion results is real and effective. It is the first time that inversing the temperature and evaporation with soil quality of land developing and consolidating.
Vegetation index and soil erosion degree are the most important indicators of the soil quality. Object-oriented technology has been used to identify the types of land use remote sensing in Hunan's hilly area of land development and consolidation project area, the algorithm research of TM images extracting the vegetation index is been put forward, interpreting the vegetation index in the study area, using the3S technology to analyzing the dynamic variation of land using, soil erosion and the relationship between the changes of soil erosion and soil quality. The results show that after the land development and consolidation, vegetation coverage is increased, soil erosion is greatly improved.
Two land consolidation development experimental regions are Xiangtan county of Hunan province Yang Jiaqiao township and Changde HanShou county NanTai village, by acquiring remote sensing images and field soil samples collected before and after land consolidation, the measured spectral data, extracting the soil quality evaluation index information of remote sensing for the first time in Hunan hilly region of soil organic matter content, surface temperature, evaporation, soil moisture and soil erosion, vegetation index etc. This paper Classified and Weighted the soil quality evaluation index of remote sensing with comprehensive index, evaluated and analyzed the soil quality of the study region used the soil quality evaluation index system. The innovation of theory and technology is provided, the evaluation results is in line with the actual.It will be a development trend of soil quality evaluation in the land development and consolidation project.
引文
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