钢管RPC短柱静力及抗冲击性能研究
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摘要
活性粉末混凝土(简称RPC)作为绿色高性能混凝土具有超高强度、高韧性、耐久性好、体积稳定性优良的特点，是混凝土未来的发展方向。将其应用于组合结构形成钢管活性粉末混凝土结构构件，对其研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。本文研究了不同截面形式钢管RPC的轴压性能、粘结滑移与界面粘结损伤性能、尺寸效应模型和钢管RPC的抗冲击性能。主要的研究工作和创新成果如下：
(1)以统一强度理论和厚壁圆筒理论为基础，推导了圆形、方形和圆端形截面钢管RPC轴压短柱的承载力计算公式。运用势能驻值原理，考虑钢管和RPC之间的套箍效应，推导出钢管RPC柱在轴向压力作用下组合弹性模量的计算式，并进一步分析钢管RPC柱的组合轴压刚度。采用粘结强度和割线模量定义了界面粘结损伤变量，建立了一种基于损伤理论的钢管与RPC的界面粘结损伤模型，揭示了钢管RPC界面粘结的损伤机理。
(2)基于统一屈服准则和应变梯度塑性理论，推导考虑尺寸效应的厚壁圆筒塑性极限解，得到考虑尺寸效应的外钢管的纵向抗压强度，研究了钢管RPC的尺寸效应规律及不同变形条件下尺寸效应的作用机理。采用Weibull统计尺寸效应模型对核心RPC的抗压强度进行修正，对外钢管采用考虑尺寸效应的厚壁圆筒理论，从而对不同截面形式的钢管RPC轴压短柱提出了考虑界面粘结性能和尺寸效应的轴压承载力计算方法，并探讨了强度理论参数、套箍指标和活性粉末混凝土强度对承载力的影响特性。
(3)采用三段线近似模拟钢管RPC的粘结滑移本构模型，以便于进行ANSYS数值模拟时弹簧单元的施加。对于钢管RPC粘结滑移数值模拟采用非线性弹簧单元Combination39，分析了该单元的特点以及F D曲线选取的计算方法。非线性弹簧单元分别模拟了钢管与活性粉末混凝土之间法向、纵向切向、环向切向三个方向的作用。利用ANSYS后处理器得到的不同截面形式钢管RPC短柱的轴压承载力和荷载-变形关系曲线，与文献中试验曲线吻合较好，探讨了RPC轴压强度、套箍系数和轴压刚度比对钢管RPC轴压短柱极限承载力的影响。
(4)采用LS-DYNA软件对RPC短柱和钢管RPC短柱进行分离式霍普金森压杆(简称SHPB)有限元数值模拟。数值分析得到的应力波的波形图、构件的轴向应力时程和轴向应变时程、重构的应力应变曲线均与试验结果基本一致，证明了有限元模型的合理性。基于CEB公式和Malver公式推导钢管RPC试件的动态增长因子计算表达式，给出了三波法和两波法计算试件应变、应力和应变率的基本公式。研究了冲击荷载作用下RPC应变率强化的特性、试件破坏过程以及动态增长因子的响应规律，探讨了活性粉末混凝土强度、钢管壁厚度、套箍系数等因素对钢管RPC构件的抗冲击性能的影响特性。
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) as a green high performance concrete has incomparablesuperior performance in many aspects including super high strength, high toughness, highdurability and excellent volume stability. Reactive powder concrete is the future developmentdirection of the concrete. The application in combination structure will form RPC filled steeltubular structures. In this regard, it is of great theoretical significance and engineeringapplication value to study the RPC filled steel tubular members. In this paper, the bond-slip,interfacial bond damage performance, size effect model and impact resistance properties arestudied for reactive powder concrete filled different cross-section steel tube. The mainresearch work and innovation achievements obtained in this dissertation can be summarizedas follows:
(1) The axial bearing capacity calculation of reactive powder concrete filled circular,square and round-ended steel tubular short columns were derived based on the unifiedstrength theory and thick-walled cylinder theory. By means of the theorem of the stationaryvalue of potential energy and consideration of confinement effect, the theoretical formulas ofthe composite compressive elastic modulus were decuced. The formulas can actually andreliably describe the elasticity behaviors and the confinement mechanism of the compositecolumn. The composite axial compression stiffness of RPC filled steel tube was furtheranalyzed.
(2) A unified plastic limit solution with size effect was dericed by using the unified yieldcriterion and a strain gradient plasticity theory. The axial compressive strength of externalsteel pipe with size effect was conducted. The size effect rule and mechanism under differentdeformation conditions was discussed. The amendment of core RPC compressive strengthwas carried out by means of adopting Weibull statistical size effect model. The thick-walledcylinder theory with size effect for external steel pipe was conducted. The calculation formulawith size effect model and interfacial bonding strength is presented for reactive powderconcrete filled different cross-section steel tubular columns subjected to axial compressionbearing capacity. The accuracy of the ultimate capacity formula is effectively improved forRPC filled steel tubular stub columns. A number of parametric studies, including in strengththeory parameter, confinement index and RPC strength are also carried out to investigate theireffects on the analytical solutions.
(3) The bond-slip constitutive model of RPC filled steel tube was approximatelysimulated by the three section line for appliying spring element in ANSYS numerical simulation. The nonlinear spring element named Combination39was adopted to simulate thebond-slip behavior between steel tube and RPC. Attention is especially paid to F-D curveselection method and characteristics of nonlinear spring element named Combination39.Combination39elements were used to simulate the three directional interactions with normaldirection, longitudinal and ring tangential direction. The axial compression bearing capacityand load-deformation curves of RPC filled different cross-section steel tubular columns weregot to use ANSYS postprocessor. The results indicated that the simulation curves were goodagreement with the trial curves. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the influenceof RPC strength, confinement index and axial compression stiffness ratio on the ultimate axialcompressive capacity
(4) The split Hopkinson pressure bar (referred SHPB) numerical simulation for RPCfilled steel tubular short column and RPC short column were conducted by LS-DYNAsoftware. The waveform diagram of stress wave, axial stress versus time, axial strain versustime and and the reconstruction of stress versus strain curves were consistent with theexperimental results which proved the rationality of finite element model. Based on thedynamic mode suggested by CEB and Malver，a calculation expression of dynamic increasefactor was deduced for RPC filled steel tube. The three-wave method and two-wave methodare given to the formula of calculate strain, stress and strain rate. The RPC strain ratehardening characteristics, specimen failure process and response of dynamic increase factorswere studied under impact loading. The effects of RPC strength, steel tube wall thickness,confinement index and other coefficients on the impact resistance are discussed through thenumerical analysis.
(1)以统一强度理论和厚壁圆筒理论为基础，推导了圆形、方形和圆端形截面钢管RPC轴压短柱的承载力计算公式。运用势能驻值原理，考虑钢管和RPC之间的套箍效应，推导出钢管RPC柱在轴向压力作用下组合弹性模量的计算式，并进一步分析钢管RPC柱的组合轴压刚度。采用粘结强度和割线模量定义了界面粘结损伤变量，建立了一种基于损伤理论的钢管与RPC的界面粘结损伤模型，揭示了钢管RPC界面粘结的损伤机理。
(2)基于统一屈服准则和应变梯度塑性理论，推导考虑尺寸效应的厚壁圆筒塑性极限解，得到考虑尺寸效应的外钢管的纵向抗压强度，研究了钢管RPC的尺寸效应规律及不同变形条件下尺寸效应的作用机理。采用Weibull统计尺寸效应模型对核心RPC的抗压强度进行修正，对外钢管采用考虑尺寸效应的厚壁圆筒理论，从而对不同截面形式的钢管RPC轴压短柱提出了考虑界面粘结性能和尺寸效应的轴压承载力计算方法，并探讨了强度理论参数、套箍指标和活性粉末混凝土强度对承载力的影响特性。
(3)采用三段线近似模拟钢管RPC的粘结滑移本构模型，以便于进行ANSYS数值模拟时弹簧单元的施加。对于钢管RPC粘结滑移数值模拟采用非线性弹簧单元Combination39，分析了该单元的特点以及F D曲线选取的计算方法。非线性弹簧单元分别模拟了钢管与活性粉末混凝土之间法向、纵向切向、环向切向三个方向的作用。利用ANSYS后处理器得到的不同截面形式钢管RPC短柱的轴压承载力和荷载-变形关系曲线，与文献中试验曲线吻合较好，探讨了RPC轴压强度、套箍系数和轴压刚度比对钢管RPC轴压短柱极限承载力的影响。
(4)采用LS-DYNA软件对RPC短柱和钢管RPC短柱进行分离式霍普金森压杆(简称SHPB)有限元数值模拟。数值分析得到的应力波的波形图、构件的轴向应力时程和轴向应变时程、重构的应力应变曲线均与试验结果基本一致，证明了有限元模型的合理性。基于CEB公式和Malver公式推导钢管RPC试件的动态增长因子计算表达式，给出了三波法和两波法计算试件应变、应力和应变率的基本公式。研究了冲击荷载作用下RPC应变率强化的特性、试件破坏过程以及动态增长因子的响应规律，探讨了活性粉末混凝土强度、钢管壁厚度、套箍系数等因素对钢管RPC构件的抗冲击性能的影响特性。
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) as a green high performance concrete has incomparablesuperior performance in many aspects including super high strength, high toughness, highdurability and excellent volume stability. Reactive powder concrete is the future developmentdirection of the concrete. The application in combination structure will form RPC filled steeltubular structures. In this regard, it is of great theoretical significance and engineeringapplication value to study the RPC filled steel tubular members. In this paper, the bond-slip,interfacial bond damage performance, size effect model and impact resistance properties arestudied for reactive powder concrete filled different cross-section steel tube. The mainresearch work and innovation achievements obtained in this dissertation can be summarizedas follows:
(1) The axial bearing capacity calculation of reactive powder concrete filled circular,square and round-ended steel tubular short columns were derived based on the unifiedstrength theory and thick-walled cylinder theory. By means of the theorem of the stationaryvalue of potential energy and consideration of confinement effect, the theoretical formulas ofthe composite compressive elastic modulus were decuced. The formulas can actually andreliably describe the elasticity behaviors and the confinement mechanism of the compositecolumn. The composite axial compression stiffness of RPC filled steel tube was furtheranalyzed.
(2) A unified plastic limit solution with size effect was dericed by using the unified yieldcriterion and a strain gradient plasticity theory. The axial compressive strength of externalsteel pipe with size effect was conducted. The size effect rule and mechanism under differentdeformation conditions was discussed. The amendment of core RPC compressive strengthwas carried out by means of adopting Weibull statistical size effect model. The thick-walledcylinder theory with size effect for external steel pipe was conducted. The calculation formulawith size effect model and interfacial bonding strength is presented for reactive powderconcrete filled different cross-section steel tubular columns subjected to axial compressionbearing capacity. The accuracy of the ultimate capacity formula is effectively improved forRPC filled steel tubular stub columns. A number of parametric studies, including in strengththeory parameter, confinement index and RPC strength are also carried out to investigate theireffects on the analytical solutions.
(3) The bond-slip constitutive model of RPC filled steel tube was approximatelysimulated by the three section line for appliying spring element in ANSYS numerical simulation. The nonlinear spring element named Combination39was adopted to simulate thebond-slip behavior between steel tube and RPC. Attention is especially paid to F-D curveselection method and characteristics of nonlinear spring element named Combination39.Combination39elements were used to simulate the three directional interactions with normaldirection, longitudinal and ring tangential direction. The axial compression bearing capacityand load-deformation curves of RPC filled different cross-section steel tubular columns weregot to use ANSYS postprocessor. The results indicated that the simulation curves were goodagreement with the trial curves. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the influenceof RPC strength, confinement index and axial compression stiffness ratio on the ultimate axialcompressive capacity
(4) The split Hopkinson pressure bar (referred SHPB) numerical simulation for RPCfilled steel tubular short column and RPC short column were conducted by LS-DYNAsoftware. The waveform diagram of stress wave, axial stress versus time, axial strain versustime and and the reconstruction of stress versus strain curves were consistent with theexperimental results which proved the rationality of finite element model. Based on thedynamic mode suggested by CEB and Malver，a calculation expression of dynamic increasefactor was deduced for RPC filled steel tube. The three-wave method and two-wave methodare given to the formula of calculate strain, stress and strain rate. The RPC strain ratehardening characteristics, specimen failure process and response of dynamic increase factorswere studied under impact loading. The effects of RPC strength, steel tube wall thickness,confinement index and other coefficients on the impact resistance are discussed through thenumerical analysis.
引文
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