内陆集装箱运输网络优化研究
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摘要
近年来,全球集装箱运输行业的不断发展,内陆集装箱运输网络在整个集装箱运输系统中扮演着越来越重要的角色,对提高整个集装箱运输系统的效率、降低运输成本发挥了关键性的作用。随着集装箱多式联运系统的完善,集装箱多式联运系统网络层次结构的不断清晰,人们对于集装箱运输的技术、作业组织、专业化设备和集装箱港口和码头作业方面的研究越来越深入,在理论上和实践中越来越认识到集装箱运输是一个大的系统,对集装箱运输的研究也从海上航线设计、装备技术、码头作业工艺等方面逐步扩展到内陆集装箱集疏运体系的优化与运输网络的构建上来。
本文以内陆集装箱运输网络为研究对象,将内陆集装箱运输网络看作集装箱多式联运网络的重要组成部分,通过优化配置内陆集装箱运输网络节点,提高内陆集装箱运输网络的合理性和运输活动的运作水平,提高集装箱内陆运输效率、降低运输成本。
论文从三个方面对内陆集装箱运输网络优化问题进行了研究：
(1)在既定集装箱货流合理分配的基础上,逐步调整集装箱内陆运输网络中枢纽站点的数量,对比分析调整前后货流分配的变化以及对系统总运输成本的影响,根据结果对内陆集装箱运输网络中的枢纽站进行筛选,进而确定保留合理的枢纽站数量及其布局,使系统效果达到最佳。
(2)分析各种运输方式道路通行能力及可用运载工具的能力约束,结合实例提出在计划期内系统总运输成本最低情况下的货流分配方案；在双枢纽港交叉腹地条件下,分析港口吸引集装箱货流的各种因素及其关系,研究对货流分配的影响程度,进而提出双枢纽港条件下系统总运输成本最低的集装箱货流分配方案。
(3)分析内陆集装箱运输枢纽节点作业时间的随机特性,研究在运输方式转换过程中节点作业随机特征对运输方式和路径选择的影响程度,以总成本最小为目标,求解在运输时间约束条件下由转换作业随机特征导致的不同最优路径出现的概率,并基于路阻函数理论量化分析枢纽节点换装时间和成本的随机特征,求解以成本最小为目标的路径优化模型,为货主选择最佳运输路线提供可操作性的决策参考。
In recent years, with the continuous development of the global container shipping industry, inland container multimodal transport network acts as an increasingly important role in the overall container transport system, and plays a key influence in improving the efficiency of the entire container transport system and reducing transportation costs.With the improvement of container multimodal transport system and the constantly clarity of container multimodal transport system network hierarchy, the study of container transport technology, operation organization, specialized equipment as well as that of the operation of container ports and terminals has penetrated into a deeper level. In theory and practice it is increasingly recognized that container transport is a large system, therefore, the study of container transport has gradually expanded from the sea route design, equipment technology, terminal operations process and technology and other aspects to the optimization of inland container collection and distribution system and the construction of transport network.
This paper takes inland container transport network as the study object and treats the inland container transport network as an important part of container multimodal transport network. By optimized configuring nodes of inland container transport network, we improve the rationality of inland container transport network structure and the operational level of transport activities, and improve the inland container transport efficiency and reduce transportation costs at the same time.
The study of inland container transport network optimization problem is conducted from three aspects in this paper:
(1) On the basis of an established reasonable allocation of container cargo flow, gradually adjusting the number of hub sites in inland container transport network, changes in distribution of cargo flows and the impact on the system's total transportation cost before and after the adjustment are compared and analyzed. Based on the results the hub sites in inland container transport network are selected, and then the number and layout of reserved reasonable hub sites is determined, aiming to achieve the best of the whole system.
(2) Analyze the road capacity of various modes of transport and capacity constraints of available vehicle, combine practical examples to propose cargo flows distribution plan under the conditions that the systematic total cost of transportation is lowest during the period. Under the condition of multi-hub port and crossed hinterland, analyze various factors of the port attracting container cargo flows and the relationship between them, study the impact degree on the flow of cargo distribution, and thus put forward a container cargo flow distribution scheme the of the lowest system total cost under the condition of multi-hub ports.
(3) Recognize the characteristics of the randomness of operating time of hub nodes in inland container transport network, study the degree of impact of randomness of node operation on selecting transport mode and route during conversion process of transport mode. Taking minimizing the total cost as the objective, calculate the probability of different optimal routes caused by randomness of conversion operation under the transport time constraints. Then based on impedance function theory to quantitatively analyze hub nodes random characteristics of the setup time and cost, the route optimization model under the objective of minimizing cost is solved. The results can provide operational decision reference for cargo owners when choosing the optimal transport route.
本文以内陆集装箱运输网络为研究对象,将内陆集装箱运输网络看作集装箱多式联运网络的重要组成部分,通过优化配置内陆集装箱运输网络节点,提高内陆集装箱运输网络的合理性和运输活动的运作水平,提高集装箱内陆运输效率、降低运输成本。
论文从三个方面对内陆集装箱运输网络优化问题进行了研究：
(1)在既定集装箱货流合理分配的基础上,逐步调整集装箱内陆运输网络中枢纽站点的数量,对比分析调整前后货流分配的变化以及对系统总运输成本的影响,根据结果对内陆集装箱运输网络中的枢纽站进行筛选,进而确定保留合理的枢纽站数量及其布局,使系统效果达到最佳。
(2)分析各种运输方式道路通行能力及可用运载工具的能力约束,结合实例提出在计划期内系统总运输成本最低情况下的货流分配方案；在双枢纽港交叉腹地条件下,分析港口吸引集装箱货流的各种因素及其关系,研究对货流分配的影响程度,进而提出双枢纽港条件下系统总运输成本最低的集装箱货流分配方案。
(3)分析内陆集装箱运输枢纽节点作业时间的随机特性,研究在运输方式转换过程中节点作业随机特征对运输方式和路径选择的影响程度,以总成本最小为目标,求解在运输时间约束条件下由转换作业随机特征导致的不同最优路径出现的概率,并基于路阻函数理论量化分析枢纽节点换装时间和成本的随机特征,求解以成本最小为目标的路径优化模型,为货主选择最佳运输路线提供可操作性的决策参考。
In recent years, with the continuous development of the global container shipping industry, inland container multimodal transport network acts as an increasingly important role in the overall container transport system, and plays a key influence in improving the efficiency of the entire container transport system and reducing transportation costs.With the improvement of container multimodal transport system and the constantly clarity of container multimodal transport system network hierarchy, the study of container transport technology, operation organization, specialized equipment as well as that of the operation of container ports and terminals has penetrated into a deeper level. In theory and practice it is increasingly recognized that container transport is a large system, therefore, the study of container transport has gradually expanded from the sea route design, equipment technology, terminal operations process and technology and other aspects to the optimization of inland container collection and distribution system and the construction of transport network.
This paper takes inland container transport network as the study object and treats the inland container transport network as an important part of container multimodal transport network. By optimized configuring nodes of inland container transport network, we improve the rationality of inland container transport network structure and the operational level of transport activities, and improve the inland container transport efficiency and reduce transportation costs at the same time.
The study of inland container transport network optimization problem is conducted from three aspects in this paper:
(1) On the basis of an established reasonable allocation of container cargo flow, gradually adjusting the number of hub sites in inland container transport network, changes in distribution of cargo flows and the impact on the system's total transportation cost before and after the adjustment are compared and analyzed. Based on the results the hub sites in inland container transport network are selected, and then the number and layout of reserved reasonable hub sites is determined, aiming to achieve the best of the whole system.
(2) Analyze the road capacity of various modes of transport and capacity constraints of available vehicle, combine practical examples to propose cargo flows distribution plan under the conditions that the systematic total cost of transportation is lowest during the period. Under the condition of multi-hub port and crossed hinterland, analyze various factors of the port attracting container cargo flows and the relationship between them, study the impact degree on the flow of cargo distribution, and thus put forward a container cargo flow distribution scheme the of the lowest system total cost under the condition of multi-hub ports.
(3) Recognize the characteristics of the randomness of operating time of hub nodes in inland container transport network, study the degree of impact of randomness of node operation on selecting transport mode and route during conversion process of transport mode. Taking minimizing the total cost as the objective, calculate the probability of different optimal routes caused by randomness of conversion operation under the transport time constraints. Then based on impedance function theory to quantitatively analyze hub nodes random characteristics of the setup time and cost, the route optimization model under the objective of minimizing cost is solved. The results can provide operational decision reference for cargo owners when choosing the optimal transport route.
引文
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