异形连续梁桥动力特性计算及损伤识别方法
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摘要
随着交通事业及城市建设的迅猛发展，交通网络密度不断增加。为了缓解交通拥堵和增强交通基础设施与周围环境的协调性，越来越多的互通式立交桥被应用到道路与道路的交叉中。由于受到地形、线形及空间的限制，立交桥中的主桥通往匝道或主线通往分支线的连接处通常需设置变宽度或变坡度或变曲率的异形桥梁结构。目前该类桥梁结构的设计理论及受力特性分析方法严重滞后于其工程实际。至今都没有形成系统、有效的动力特性计算方法以及适用的损伤识别方法。
针对上述问题，以长春市四环路硅谷大街立交桥中的T线下行0#台-4#墩连续箱梁桥为依托工程，结合吉林省交通厅科技项目“异形预应力混凝土桥梁受力特性分析及设计方法研究（2012-1-7）”，本文在异形连续梁桥的动力特性计算和损伤识别方面开展了以下研究工作。
（1）分别建立了依托工程的空间三维有限元模型、梁格有限元模型以及单梁有限元模型，采用三种不同的有限元模型计算了其动力特性。依据动力特性计算结果，对三种有限元模型进行了对比分析。
（2）由于结构形式和受力状态的复杂性，异形桥梁结构在设计过程中有些设计参数（如截面刚度，钢筋布置等）可能需要较多次数的修改。如果每修改一次，都重新建立有限元模型计算其动力特性，这势必会极大地消耗设计人员的精力，降低设计效率。针对这种情况，本文提出了异形连续梁桥动力特性求解的摄动方法。该方法基于基准结构的动力特性和设计修改后的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵变化，便可以计算出修改后结构的动力特性。基于提出的方法，分析了设计参数对桥梁结构动力特性的敏感性，并对设计参数的优化提出了一些合理化建议。
（3）同样为了减少设计过程中动力特性的计算工作量，本文提出采用双协调自由界面模态综合法来求解异形连续梁桥的动力特性。该方法把异形连续梁桥分解为不变段和变化段两个子结构，基于子结构的前几阶动力特性，采用界面位移和对接力的协调条件来计算整体结构的动力特性。为了满足变化段设计修改的要求，进而又提出了基于模态综合和摄动相结合方法的异形连续梁桥动力特性求解方法。该方法首先采用摄动方法求解变化段子结构的动力特性，然后采用模态综合法求解整体结构的动力特性。
（4）在桥梁的运营阶段，有时需要对其动力特性进行快速计算。针对此情况，提出了基于分段思想的异形连续梁桥动力特性计算方法。该方法把桥梁划分为若干小段，并用待定系数表示每一小段的振动，通过边界条件和约束条件求解出每一小段的待定系数，并最终计算出整体桥梁结构的动力特性。
（5）建立了异形连续梁桥-车辆耦合振动模型，采用模态分析技术计算了车辆作用下桥梁的动力特性。并探讨了悬架刚度、轮胎刚度等车辆参数以及车辆位置对车辆作用下的异形连续梁桥动力特性的影响。
（6）针对异形连续梁桥动力特性的特点，形成了基于改进粒子群优化RBF神经网络算法的结构损伤识别方法，并且构造了适用的损伤识别指标。把损伤识别方法应用到了依托工程的数值模拟计算中，验证了方法的有效性和可靠性。
With the rapid development of transportation and urban construction, the density oftransportation network is increasing. In order to alleviate traffic congestion and enhance thecoordination of transport infrastructure and the surrounding environment, a growing numberof interchanges are applied to the cross-roads. Due to the constraints of topography, linearand space, irregular shaped bridge structures with variable slope, width or curvature areusually set at the connections of the main bridge leading to the ramp line or branch line.Currently, the design theory and method of force characteristics analysis for such bridgestructures is seriously lagging behind its engineering. So far there is no systematic, effectivemethod to calculate the dynamic characteristics and damage identification method.
In response to the above issues, based on the continuous box girder bridge project ofChangchun City Fourth Ring Road overpass in the Silicon Valley Avenue T line down0#-4#pier, and combined with Jilin Provincial Communications Department of Science andTechnology Project " Research on the analysis of force characteristics and design methodfor the prestressed concrete bridge(2012-1-7)", the paper carries out the following researchwork in the respects of calculating the dynamic characteristics of continuous beam bridgeand damage recognition.
(1) Three finite element models respectively relying on space three-dimensional finiteelement model, grillage finite element model and a single beam finite element model areestablished to calculate the dynamic characteristics of the project. The results based on thedynamic characteristics of the three finite element models are compared.
(2) Due to the complexity of the structure and stress state, irregular shaped bridgestructure may need to be modified many times in the design process. If the finite elementmodel is re-established in every modification to calculate the dynamic characteristics, it isbound to greatly consume designers’ energy and reduce design efficiency. In case,perturbation method for solving the dynamic characteristics of the irregular continuous beambridge is presented. Based on the changes in the stiffness and mass matrices of the modifiedstructure and dynamic properties of the reference structure, the dynamic characteristics ofthe modified structure can be calculated by this means. Based on the proposed method, thesensitivity of the design parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure is analyzed, and the reasonable proposals are put forward to optimize the design parameters.
(3) In order to reduce the workload for computing dynamic characteristics in the designprocess, a dual coordinate free interface modal synthesis method to solve the dynamiccharacteristics of the irregular shaped continuous beam bridge is proposed in this paper. Inthe method, the whole bridge is decomposed into two sub-segment structures as the constantsegment and changeable segment. Based on the several bands of the dynamic characteristicsof the sub-structure and coordination conditions of the interface displacement and force, thedynamic characteristics for the overall structure are calculated. In order to meet therequirements of modifying changeable segment, the method combined of modal synthesisand perturbation method is proposed to solve the dynamic characteristics for the irregularshaped continuous beam bridge. Firstly, the perturbation method is used to solve thedynamic characteristics of the change segment, and then the modal synthesis method is usedto solve dynamic characteristics of the whole structure.
(4) During the operational phase of the bridge, sometimes its dynamic characteristicsneed rapid calculation. For this case, the calculation method to solve the irregular continuousbridge dynamic characteristics is proposed based on the idea of segment. By this method, thebridge is divided into several small pieces, and the vibration of each segment is expressed bythe undetermined coefficients. Each undetermined coefficient is solved by the boundaryconditions and constraints, and finally the dynamic characteristics of the overall bridgestructure can be calculated.
(5) The model of the continuous irregular shaped beam bridge-vehicle coupled vibrationis established to calculate the bridge dynamic characteristics under the effect of the vehiclewith the modal analysis techniques. And the effects of continuous suspension stiffness, tirestiffness of vehicle parameters and vehicle location on the dynamic characteristics of thebeam bridge under the action of vehicle are explored.
(6) Objected to the features of dynamic characteristics of the continuous irregular shapedbridge, structure damage identification method based on the improved particle swarmoptimization RBF neural network is formed and of the applicable structure damageidentification index is proposed. The damage identification method is applied to thenumerical simulation of the project to verify the validity and reliability of the method.
针对上述问题，以长春市四环路硅谷大街立交桥中的T线下行0#台-4#墩连续箱梁桥为依托工程，结合吉林省交通厅科技项目“异形预应力混凝土桥梁受力特性分析及设计方法研究（2012-1-7）”，本文在异形连续梁桥的动力特性计算和损伤识别方面开展了以下研究工作。
（1）分别建立了依托工程的空间三维有限元模型、梁格有限元模型以及单梁有限元模型，采用三种不同的有限元模型计算了其动力特性。依据动力特性计算结果，对三种有限元模型进行了对比分析。
（2）由于结构形式和受力状态的复杂性，异形桥梁结构在设计过程中有些设计参数（如截面刚度，钢筋布置等）可能需要较多次数的修改。如果每修改一次，都重新建立有限元模型计算其动力特性，这势必会极大地消耗设计人员的精力，降低设计效率。针对这种情况，本文提出了异形连续梁桥动力特性求解的摄动方法。该方法基于基准结构的动力特性和设计修改后的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵变化，便可以计算出修改后结构的动力特性。基于提出的方法，分析了设计参数对桥梁结构动力特性的敏感性，并对设计参数的优化提出了一些合理化建议。
（3）同样为了减少设计过程中动力特性的计算工作量，本文提出采用双协调自由界面模态综合法来求解异形连续梁桥的动力特性。该方法把异形连续梁桥分解为不变段和变化段两个子结构，基于子结构的前几阶动力特性，采用界面位移和对接力的协调条件来计算整体结构的动力特性。为了满足变化段设计修改的要求，进而又提出了基于模态综合和摄动相结合方法的异形连续梁桥动力特性求解方法。该方法首先采用摄动方法求解变化段子结构的动力特性，然后采用模态综合法求解整体结构的动力特性。
（4）在桥梁的运营阶段，有时需要对其动力特性进行快速计算。针对此情况，提出了基于分段思想的异形连续梁桥动力特性计算方法。该方法把桥梁划分为若干小段，并用待定系数表示每一小段的振动，通过边界条件和约束条件求解出每一小段的待定系数，并最终计算出整体桥梁结构的动力特性。
（5）建立了异形连续梁桥-车辆耦合振动模型，采用模态分析技术计算了车辆作用下桥梁的动力特性。并探讨了悬架刚度、轮胎刚度等车辆参数以及车辆位置对车辆作用下的异形连续梁桥动力特性的影响。
（6）针对异形连续梁桥动力特性的特点，形成了基于改进粒子群优化RBF神经网络算法的结构损伤识别方法，并且构造了适用的损伤识别指标。把损伤识别方法应用到了依托工程的数值模拟计算中，验证了方法的有效性和可靠性。
With the rapid development of transportation and urban construction, the density oftransportation network is increasing. In order to alleviate traffic congestion and enhance thecoordination of transport infrastructure and the surrounding environment, a growing numberof interchanges are applied to the cross-roads. Due to the constraints of topography, linearand space, irregular shaped bridge structures with variable slope, width or curvature areusually set at the connections of the main bridge leading to the ramp line or branch line.Currently, the design theory and method of force characteristics analysis for such bridgestructures is seriously lagging behind its engineering. So far there is no systematic, effectivemethod to calculate the dynamic characteristics and damage identification method.
In response to the above issues, based on the continuous box girder bridge project ofChangchun City Fourth Ring Road overpass in the Silicon Valley Avenue T line down0#-4#pier, and combined with Jilin Provincial Communications Department of Science andTechnology Project " Research on the analysis of force characteristics and design methodfor the prestressed concrete bridge(2012-1-7)", the paper carries out the following researchwork in the respects of calculating the dynamic characteristics of continuous beam bridgeand damage recognition.
(1) Three finite element models respectively relying on space three-dimensional finiteelement model, grillage finite element model and a single beam finite element model areestablished to calculate the dynamic characteristics of the project. The results based on thedynamic characteristics of the three finite element models are compared.
(2) Due to the complexity of the structure and stress state, irregular shaped bridgestructure may need to be modified many times in the design process. If the finite elementmodel is re-established in every modification to calculate the dynamic characteristics, it isbound to greatly consume designers’ energy and reduce design efficiency. In case,perturbation method for solving the dynamic characteristics of the irregular continuous beambridge is presented. Based on the changes in the stiffness and mass matrices of the modifiedstructure and dynamic properties of the reference structure, the dynamic characteristics ofthe modified structure can be calculated by this means. Based on the proposed method, thesensitivity of the design parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure is analyzed, and the reasonable proposals are put forward to optimize the design parameters.
(3) In order to reduce the workload for computing dynamic characteristics in the designprocess, a dual coordinate free interface modal synthesis method to solve the dynamiccharacteristics of the irregular shaped continuous beam bridge is proposed in this paper. Inthe method, the whole bridge is decomposed into two sub-segment structures as the constantsegment and changeable segment. Based on the several bands of the dynamic characteristicsof the sub-structure and coordination conditions of the interface displacement and force, thedynamic characteristics for the overall structure are calculated. In order to meet therequirements of modifying changeable segment, the method combined of modal synthesisand perturbation method is proposed to solve the dynamic characteristics for the irregularshaped continuous beam bridge. Firstly, the perturbation method is used to solve thedynamic characteristics of the change segment, and then the modal synthesis method is usedto solve dynamic characteristics of the whole structure.
(4) During the operational phase of the bridge, sometimes its dynamic characteristicsneed rapid calculation. For this case, the calculation method to solve the irregular continuousbridge dynamic characteristics is proposed based on the idea of segment. By this method, thebridge is divided into several small pieces, and the vibration of each segment is expressed bythe undetermined coefficients. Each undetermined coefficient is solved by the boundaryconditions and constraints, and finally the dynamic characteristics of the overall bridgestructure can be calculated.
(5) The model of the continuous irregular shaped beam bridge-vehicle coupled vibrationis established to calculate the bridge dynamic characteristics under the effect of the vehiclewith the modal analysis techniques. And the effects of continuous suspension stiffness, tirestiffness of vehicle parameters and vehicle location on the dynamic characteristics of thebeam bridge under the action of vehicle are explored.
(6) Objected to the features of dynamic characteristics of the continuous irregular shapedbridge, structure damage identification method based on the improved particle swarmoptimization RBF neural network is formed and of the applicable structure damageidentification index is proposed. The damage identification method is applied to thenumerical simulation of the project to verify the validity and reliability of the method.
引文
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