地铁列车振动环境响应预测的人工单点列脉冲激励方法研究
摘要
摘要：城市轨道交通正处于一个高速发展期,为了顺应快速到来的城市化进程,各主要大城市均大力发展新型、快速、高效的城市轨道交通网络体系。同时,地铁列车运行引起的环境振动问题也越来越受到人们的关注,已经出现了大量的沿线居民集体投诉的情况,一些精密仪器使用单位及古建筑保护单位也提出了严苛的要求。然而,现有的地铁列车振动环境影响预测与评价工作尚不能满足实际工程的需要,尤其是预测的精度,凡涉及到评价受振敏感目标的影响频率及强度时,现行方法基本无法满足高精度的预测要求,这导致了许多轨道减振措施失败的案例。因此,作者所在的课题组于2011年,提出了基于现场脉冲激励的传递函数预测方法,以此满足对受振敏感目标进行高精度振动预测的要求。本文针对这一预测方法,进行了全面、系统的研究。
本文依托国家自然科学基金项目“地下列车运行引起环境振动预测模型研究(No.51008017)”和“基于现场脉冲激励的地铁列车振动环境影响预测模型研究(No.51278043)”,采用实验室试验、理论分析、数值模拟和现场测试相结合的研究手段,提出了地铁列车振动环境响应预测的人工单点列脉冲激励方法,对其理论依据和操作流程进行了深入而系统的研究。论文的主要研究工作和取得的成果如下：
(1)针对我国地铁交通的高速发展引起振动环境影响的若干问题,本文进行了详细地收集；并细致地总结了国内外地铁列车振动预测评价手段及敏感受振体振动控制标准。
(2)在我校地下实验室内,通过脉冲激励锤击试验的方式,本文对自隧道壁拾振点至地表拾振点的振动传递特性进行了系统的试验。试验结果表明,当人工脉冲激励产生的隧道结构振动幅值与地铁列车运行引起的振动幅值处于相同量值范围内时,且在振源激励点与隧道壁拾振点位于同一横截面内时,“隧道-地层”振动传递特性与脉冲激励振源的频谱特性无关。
(3)采用理论分析手段,本文针对隧道内不同类型的振源引起“隧道-地层”振动传递特性之间的关系,进行了推导分析。本文得到了一组振动传递特性的预测公式,以此,应用人工单点列脉冲激励方式,可获得“隧道-地层”振动传递特性,作为地铁列车运行时的“隧道-地层”振动传递特性。经数值试验分析及实际案例预测,基于这组预测公式的人工单点列脉冲激励方法可以实现对受振敏感目标,进行包含频响及强度在内的高精度预测。
(4)本文针对不同的轨道型式、隧道结构、土层组成、埋置深度和水平距离条件,进行了多因素影响分析,得到了振动传递特性预测公式中的校准函数和隧道修建前后的振动传递特性修正函数,以此确保人工单点列脉冲激励预测方法的预测精度。
(5)针对某工程实例,本文应用人工单点列脉冲激励方法,进行了地铁列车运行引起地面振动响应的预测。结果表明,人工单点列脉冲激励预测方法准确度较高,可以同时预测受振敏感目标的频响及强度等物理指标；体现出这种预测方法可以在时间域、频率域内,实现多点同步、精确定量的振动预测。
本文依托国家自然科学基金项目“地下列车运行引起环境振动预测模型研究(No.51008017)”和“基于现场脉冲激励的地铁列车振动环境影响预测模型研究(No.51278043)”,采用实验室试验、理论分析、数值模拟和现场测试相结合的研究手段,提出了地铁列车振动环境响应预测的人工单点列脉冲激励方法,对其理论依据和操作流程进行了深入而系统的研究。论文的主要研究工作和取得的成果如下：
(1)针对我国地铁交通的高速发展引起振动环境影响的若干问题,本文进行了详细地收集；并细致地总结了国内外地铁列车振动预测评价手段及敏感受振体振动控制标准。
(2)在我校地下实验室内,通过脉冲激励锤击试验的方式,本文对自隧道壁拾振点至地表拾振点的振动传递特性进行了系统的试验。试验结果表明,当人工脉冲激励产生的隧道结构振动幅值与地铁列车运行引起的振动幅值处于相同量值范围内时,且在振源激励点与隧道壁拾振点位于同一横截面内时,“隧道-地层”振动传递特性与脉冲激励振源的频谱特性无关。
(3)采用理论分析手段,本文针对隧道内不同类型的振源引起“隧道-地层”振动传递特性之间的关系,进行了推导分析。本文得到了一组振动传递特性的预测公式,以此,应用人工单点列脉冲激励方式,可获得“隧道-地层”振动传递特性,作为地铁列车运行时的“隧道-地层”振动传递特性。经数值试验分析及实际案例预测,基于这组预测公式的人工单点列脉冲激励方法可以实现对受振敏感目标,进行包含频响及强度在内的高精度预测。
(4)本文针对不同的轨道型式、隧道结构、土层组成、埋置深度和水平距离条件,进行了多因素影响分析,得到了振动传递特性预测公式中的校准函数和隧道修建前后的振动传递特性修正函数,以此确保人工单点列脉冲激励预测方法的预测精度。
(5)针对某工程实例,本文应用人工单点列脉冲激励方法,进行了地铁列车运行引起地面振动响应的预测。结果表明,人工单点列脉冲激励预测方法准确度较高,可以同时预测受振敏感目标的频响及强度等物理指标；体现出这种预测方法可以在时间域、频率域内,实现多点同步、精确定量的振动预测。
引文
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