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煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警研究
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摘要
摘要:长期以来,瓦斯灾害一直威胁着我国煤炭工业的健康发展,并造成了重大的财产损失和人员伤亡。瓦斯爆炸灾害是煤矿瓦斯灾害的最主要形式,具有破坏性强、经济损失大、人员伤亡多等显著特点,是煤矿安全生产中最严重的事故类型。论文针对煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害防控和预警体系中存在的薄弱环节,运用安全科学、系统科学、信息与计算科学以及矿山安全等相关理论,采用理论研究、现场调查、数值分析、计算机模拟和系统开发等相结合的方法,研究煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估和预警方法体系,实现瓦斯爆炸灾害预警信息化系统,对实现煤矿安全生产系统中的瓦斯爆炸灾害风险“早期识别”和事故的“事先预防”,提高煤矿本质安全化水平,促进煤炭工业的安全可持续发展等具有重要意义。
     (1)系统分析了煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害机理与预控技术,提出了现有煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害预控管理理论与方法体系尚存在的问题;针对煤矿安全生产系统具有的非线性动力学特性和瓦斯爆炸灾害风险源的复杂性,将风险管理和事故致因理论引入到煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害预控中,提出了基于多源信息融合机制的煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警模型,以解决现有瓦斯爆炸灾害预防所需的信息量少、信息及时性差等问题。
     (2)针对煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害危险源的多样性与复杂性,以及它们之间存在相互影响、相互作用且带有反馈等特点,从“人-机-环境-管理”4个层面来系统分析瓦斯爆炸灾害系统的危险源,采用灰色关联分析法来计算危险源对瓦斯爆炸灾害影响程度的大小,根据灰色关联计算结果来构建煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估指标体系;运用网络分析法ANP来刻画评估指标之间非线性和非彼此独立的网络关系,并计算评估指标的权重分布。
     (3)提出了煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估的GRA-ANP-FCE模型。该模型采用灰色关联分析方法计算影响因素的灰色关联度并进行排序,以获得煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害的主控因素,采用网络分析法建立了多准则、多层次的评估指标体系网络模型并计算各评估指标权重,结合评估指标的权重分布,采用多级模糊综合评判法对煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害的态势进行评估;针对煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害系统中存在大量确定性和不确定性影响因素,运用集对分析理论中的联系熵特性,提出了煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势的ANP-SPA评估模型,并应用该模型对煤矿进行瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估。
     (4)根据煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警框架,在风险分级体系和风险预测研究基础上,系统阐述了瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警的程序与内容和风险预警等级与预警阀值设置;分析了GRNN神经网络预测基本原理,并提出了对GRNN神经网络的光滑因子进行优化算法,建立了基于改进的GRNN的瓦斯浓度预警模型并进行了模型性能检验和效果评估,预测结果可靠,对瓦斯浓度预测超限预警达到了很好的效果;分析了概率神经网络(PNN)和信息融合中决策层融合的基本原理,建立了瓦斯爆炸灾害的决策层融合PNN预警模型,通过实例验证,PNN预警模型在瓦斯爆炸灾害预警中的预警能力强、效率高。
     (5)在系统分析煤矿安全生产中其它业务管理信息系统的体系和数据结构基础上,设计煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警系统的结构及其数据流程,构建了煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警系统的体系结构,并建立基于多源信息融合的灾害预警共享数据中心。为提高信息系统的可扩展性、可靠性、健壮性和鲁棒性,采用多语言多平台的设计理念来开发煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警信息系统,包括Matlab、PowerBuilder和Visual C++等。
     论文针对煤矿瓦斯爆炸灾害风险预控中存在的薄弱环节,在国家自然科学基金资助项目(51274100)等资助下,运用多学科交叉理论进行了瓦斯爆炸灾害态势评估与预警系统的构建与应用研究,有较高的学术研究价值和推广应用前景。(图83幅,表28个,参考文献195篇)
Abstract:For a long time, the gas disaster has been threatening the healthy development of China's coal industry, and caused great casualties and property loss. Gas explosion accident is the main form of gas disaster in coal mine, having the remarkable characteristics such as devastating strong, large economic loss, serious casualtie and so on, and is the most serious type of accident in the coal mine safety production. Aiming at the weak link of the prevention and early-warning system of gas explosion disaster in coal mine, the method system of situation assessment and early-warning for gas explosion disaster in coal mine was studied by using the relevant theories such as safety science, system science, information&computer science and so on. The study have achieved the early-warning management information system of gas explosion disaster by the mothod combining with theoretical research, field observation, numerical analysis, computer simulation and software development. The research results are great importance to the implementation of early risk recognition and accident prevention in advance in the coal mine safety production system, the improvement of the coal mine intrinsically safe level, and the promotion of sustainable development in coal mine safety.
     (1) Analysis of the coal mine gas explosion mechanism and prevention and control technology systematically, puts forward the problems of management theory and method system exsisting in it. Accordig to the complexity of risk source of gas explosion and the nonlinear dynamics characteristics of the coal mine production safety system, the situatin assessment and early-warning model of gas explosion disaster in coal mine based on the multi-source information coupling mechanism was put forward by using the risk management and accident causing theory. It had solved the existing problems of information was less and timeliness, which was for gas explosion hazard prevention.
     (2) Aiming at the diversity and complexity of risk sources of gas explosion, and the mutual influence, interaction and feedback characteristic among of them, the risk sources of gas explosion from the4aspects of "man, machine, environment, management" were analysised. The incidence of risk sources to gas explosion disaster was calulasted by using Gray Relaional Analysis, and the situation assessment index system of gas explosion disaster was built by using the calculation results. To describe the nonlinear and non-independent network relationships among of indexes, Analytic Network Process built the network computation model and calculated the weight distribution of assessment indexes.
     (3) The GRA-ANP-FCE assessment model to evaluate the situation of gas explosion disaster in coal mine was proposed. The model used the Grey Relational Analysis to calculate the grey relational degrees of risk factors of and ranked them, and the master factors of gas explosion disaster were got. The multi-criteri and multi-levels network computation model for the assessment index system of gas explosion disaster was built by using ANP, and the weights of it would be calculated. The multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to assess the situation of gas explosion disaster in coal mine. Because of existing the large amount of certainty and uncertainty effect factors of gas explosion disaster system, this article proposed the ANP-SPA assessment model for gas explosion disaster by using the characteristics of connection entropy of Set Pair Analysis.
     (4) According to the frame of the situation assessment and early warning system of coal mine gas explosion disaster, the procedure and contents of the frame and the setting of risk warning level and warning threshold on the basis of the research of the risk classification system and risk prediction was introduced. The basic principle of GRNN neural network was studied systematically. The optimization algorithm for the smooth factor of GRNN was put forward. The gas concentration prediction model was established based on the improved GRNN and the assessment model performance and its effection were tested, and its results were reliable. The probabilistic neural network (PNN) theory and the decision fusion theory of information fusion was analysised, and the decision fusion PNN model of the comprehensive early warning of gas explosion disaster. Through the example, the results of it show that the PNN model had strong early-warning capability and high efficiency.
     (5) In the analysis of the system and their data structure of other business management information system in coal mine safety production, the system architecture of situation assessment and early warning of gas explosion disaster was constructed, and a shared data center for disaster early warning information based on the multi-resource information fusion was established. In order to improve the software information system scalability, reliability, robustness and the robustness, the design concept with the multi language and multi platform was adopted, and it was used to develop the situation assessment and early warning information system for gas explosion disaster, including Matlab, PowerBuilder, Visual C++, and so on.
     In view of weak links of risk pre-control of gas explosion disaster in the coal mine, with funding from the project5127410of National Natural Science Foundation of China, the situation assessment and the application of early warning system of gas explosion in coal mines are studied by using multidisciplinary theories in this research, which will be very valuable both in academic development and potential application.
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