山西省农业科技创新的动力机制研究
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摘要
到“十一五”末,山西省农业科技进步贡献率已经达到51%以上,但由于受农业自身经营规模小、生产条件差等不利因素的困扰,农业发展后劲不足、农民增收滞缓的问题十分突出,农业进一步发展面临的挑战必将显著增加对农业科技创新的依赖。而目前山西省农业科技管理体制落后,关键性的农业新技术缺少突破,农业科技成果转化率低,农业科技创新进一步发展的机制障碍较多,其中最关键的是农业科技创新动力不足。因此,如何驱动山西省农业科技创新发展,解决创新动力不足的问题,构建有效的农业科技创新动力机制及其模式,是当前农业科技创新工作面临的一个重要课题。
本文综合运用实证分析和规范分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合等研究方法,在农业科技创新理论、技术创新动力理论、协同论、激励理论等理论基础上,以山西省为样本进行农业科技创新动力机制问题的研究。从而形成对我国区域农业科技创新动力机制相关理论和政策研究的有效补充,为山西省有关部门制定农业科技创新政策提供依据和参考。
首先,系统阐述和总结了国内外农业科技创新动力相关理论的研究动态,界定了农业科技创新及其动力机制相关概念和理论基础知识,为后文进一步研究奠定了理论基础。其次,揭示了山西省农业科技创新动力系统构成因素及其作用,探索农业科技创新动力不足的深层机理,明确研究的方向。第三,通过对推动山西省农业科技创新发展的影响因素进行实证研究,指出山西省农业科技创新人力、财力和物力、政策制度资源等影响因素与农业科技创新产出之间具有一定的相关性,揭示了农业科技创新各影响因素变动的作用程度,并且强调农业科学R&D经费内部支出、农业科技人力资源投入、市场化进程以及财政支农政策支持等因素推动山西省农业科技创新的重要性,为构建山西省农业科技创新动力机制以及正确选择政策途径提供了客观依据。第四,通过实地调研,从微观角度探索农民农业科技需求以及农业科研人员参与创新的意愿及其影响因素。结果表明,(1)农民整体上有比较强烈的农业科技需求意愿,但有效需求不足；农民的农业科技需求主要受到农民的年龄、性别、文化程度、是否参加农业科技培训、家庭收入水平、耕地面积、农业技术是否复杂等因素的综合影响。(2)农业科研人员的农业科技创新意愿整体较高,农业科研人员受教育水平、职称、对创新的认知方面与其创新的意愿之间整体上成正向的关系。山西省农业科研人员参与创新的意愿主要受到年龄、职称、受教育水平、对农业技术研究的选择、对创新信息的关注度、奖励晋升制度的调动作用、创新自由度、团队合作氛围和机制等因素的影响,不同因素对参与创新意愿的影响程度有所差异。第五,从实践的角度看,通过对比研究农业科技创新动力机制一般模式,构建了多元协同农业科技创新动力机制的理想模式；但转轨期山西省农业科技创新适宜实施市场化方法下的政府主导计划推动与市场需求诱导拉动联合动力机制模式。第六,在对策措施方面,提出了在农业科技研发机制、农业科研投入机制、市场机制、政府支持与引导、激励机制、技术推广机制、人才培养机制、创新风险保障机制等方面构建山西省农业科技创新动力机制的对策措施。
Agricultural science and technology progress contribution rate in Shanxi Province has reached more than51%to the end of the11th five-year plan. However, due to the small scale agriculture itself, plagued by poor production conditions unfavorable factors, inadequate agricultural development potential, the problem of farmers' income has stagnated very prominent. Challenge facing the further development of agriculture is bound to significantly increase dependence on agricultural science and technology innovation. The current management system of Shanxi agricultural science and technology backward, the lack of critical breakthroughs in new agricultural techniques, overall low level of agricultural science and technology achievements conversion, mechanism obstacles to the further development of agricultural science and technology innovation is more, which the most critical is the insufficient agricultural science and technology innovation power. Therefore, how to drive the development of agricultural science and technology innovation in Shanxi province, to solve the problem of insufficient power in Shanxi Province agricultural science and technology innovation, to build effective mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation driving force and its mode, in Shanxi province, is an important issue currently facing the agricultural science and technology innovation.
In this paper, the integrated use of empirical analysis and normative analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and other research methods, the theoretical basis of the theory of agricultural science and technology innovation, the technology innovation drive theory, coordination theory, incentive theory and so on, in Shanxi Province as a sample for research of agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism. Thereby, forming an effective complement to the theory and policy research area of agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism, which provides the basis and reference for the relevant departments in Shanxi Province to make the agricultural science and technology innovation policy.
First of all, the system elaborates and summarizes the research of dynamic domestic and international agricultural science and technology innovation momentum theory, defines the agricultural science and technology innovation mechanism and its related concepts and theoretical basis for knowledge, which has laid a theoretical foundation for further study later drive mechanism. Secondly, the system reveals the drive system component and its function of the agricultural science and technology innovation in Shanxi Province, explores the underlying mechanism of lack of drive in agricultural science and technology innovation, and clears the direction of research. Thirdly, through empirical research on the influencing factors of driving agricultural science and technology innovation in Shanxi Province, the system indicates a certain correlation between agricultural science and technology innovation of human resources, financial and material resources, policy system and other influence factors and agricultural science and technology innovation output in Shanxi Province, reveals the extent of the role of changes in various factors of agricultural science and technology innovation, and emphasizes the factors such as agricultural sciences R&D expenses within expenditure, investment in agricultural science and technology human resources, marketing process, finance supporting agriculture policy support and so on to promote the importance of agricultural scientific and technological innovation in Shanxi Province, which provides an objective basis for building the drive mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation and the correct selection of policy approaches. Fourth, through on-the-spot investigation, the author explores the desire and its influencing factors of agricultural scientific research personnel participating in agricultural science and technology innovation and the farmers' demand in agricultural science and technology from the microscopic perspective. The results show that(1) farmers as a whole there is a relatively strong demand of agricultural science and technology will, but the lack of effective demand; Agricultural science and technology demand of farmers mainly by age, gender, educational level, whether to participate in agricultural science and technology training, family income level, arable land, agricultural technology is complex and other factors.(2)Agricultural science and technology innovation of agricultural scientific research personnel will high overall, there is a positive relationship on the whole between agricultural research staff's education level, job title, cognitive aspects of innovation and its willingness to innovation. Willingness of Shanxi agricultural researchers in agricultural science and technology innovation mainly influenced by age, title, education level, the choice of the agricultural technology research, attention of agriculture science and technology innovation information, the transfer function of reward and promotion system, the innovation degree of freedom of agricultural scientific research personnel, the atmosphere and mechanism of agency team and other factors, however, the influence of different factors on the willingness to participate in innovation to vary. The fifth, from a practical point of view, through the comparative research of normal mode of agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism, the ideal model of multiple cooperative agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism is built. However, It is suitable for agricultural science and technology innovation to implement government-leading plan promote and market demand induced pull joint drive mechanism model by market-oriented approach in transition period in Shanxi Province. The sixth, in terms of measures, the system puts forward the countermeasures on the construction of Shanxi Province agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism in agricultural science and technology research and development mechanism, agricultural scientific research input mechanism, market mechanism, government support and guidance, incentive mechanism, agricultural technology promotion mechanism, the personnel training mechanism, the innovation risk guarantee mechanism and other aspects.
本文综合运用实证分析和规范分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合等研究方法,在农业科技创新理论、技术创新动力理论、协同论、激励理论等理论基础上,以山西省为样本进行农业科技创新动力机制问题的研究。从而形成对我国区域农业科技创新动力机制相关理论和政策研究的有效补充,为山西省有关部门制定农业科技创新政策提供依据和参考。
首先,系统阐述和总结了国内外农业科技创新动力相关理论的研究动态,界定了农业科技创新及其动力机制相关概念和理论基础知识,为后文进一步研究奠定了理论基础。其次,揭示了山西省农业科技创新动力系统构成因素及其作用,探索农业科技创新动力不足的深层机理,明确研究的方向。第三,通过对推动山西省农业科技创新发展的影响因素进行实证研究,指出山西省农业科技创新人力、财力和物力、政策制度资源等影响因素与农业科技创新产出之间具有一定的相关性,揭示了农业科技创新各影响因素变动的作用程度,并且强调农业科学R&D经费内部支出、农业科技人力资源投入、市场化进程以及财政支农政策支持等因素推动山西省农业科技创新的重要性,为构建山西省农业科技创新动力机制以及正确选择政策途径提供了客观依据。第四,通过实地调研,从微观角度探索农民农业科技需求以及农业科研人员参与创新的意愿及其影响因素。结果表明,(1)农民整体上有比较强烈的农业科技需求意愿,但有效需求不足；农民的农业科技需求主要受到农民的年龄、性别、文化程度、是否参加农业科技培训、家庭收入水平、耕地面积、农业技术是否复杂等因素的综合影响。(2)农业科研人员的农业科技创新意愿整体较高,农业科研人员受教育水平、职称、对创新的认知方面与其创新的意愿之间整体上成正向的关系。山西省农业科研人员参与创新的意愿主要受到年龄、职称、受教育水平、对农业技术研究的选择、对创新信息的关注度、奖励晋升制度的调动作用、创新自由度、团队合作氛围和机制等因素的影响,不同因素对参与创新意愿的影响程度有所差异。第五,从实践的角度看,通过对比研究农业科技创新动力机制一般模式,构建了多元协同农业科技创新动力机制的理想模式；但转轨期山西省农业科技创新适宜实施市场化方法下的政府主导计划推动与市场需求诱导拉动联合动力机制模式。第六,在对策措施方面,提出了在农业科技研发机制、农业科研投入机制、市场机制、政府支持与引导、激励机制、技术推广机制、人才培养机制、创新风险保障机制等方面构建山西省农业科技创新动力机制的对策措施。
Agricultural science and technology progress contribution rate in Shanxi Province has reached more than51%to the end of the11th five-year plan. However, due to the small scale agriculture itself, plagued by poor production conditions unfavorable factors, inadequate agricultural development potential, the problem of farmers' income has stagnated very prominent. Challenge facing the further development of agriculture is bound to significantly increase dependence on agricultural science and technology innovation. The current management system of Shanxi agricultural science and technology backward, the lack of critical breakthroughs in new agricultural techniques, overall low level of agricultural science and technology achievements conversion, mechanism obstacles to the further development of agricultural science and technology innovation is more, which the most critical is the insufficient agricultural science and technology innovation power. Therefore, how to drive the development of agricultural science and technology innovation in Shanxi province, to solve the problem of insufficient power in Shanxi Province agricultural science and technology innovation, to build effective mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation driving force and its mode, in Shanxi province, is an important issue currently facing the agricultural science and technology innovation.
In this paper, the integrated use of empirical analysis and normative analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and other research methods, the theoretical basis of the theory of agricultural science and technology innovation, the technology innovation drive theory, coordination theory, incentive theory and so on, in Shanxi Province as a sample for research of agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism. Thereby, forming an effective complement to the theory and policy research area of agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism, which provides the basis and reference for the relevant departments in Shanxi Province to make the agricultural science and technology innovation policy.
First of all, the system elaborates and summarizes the research of dynamic domestic and international agricultural science and technology innovation momentum theory, defines the agricultural science and technology innovation mechanism and its related concepts and theoretical basis for knowledge, which has laid a theoretical foundation for further study later drive mechanism. Secondly, the system reveals the drive system component and its function of the agricultural science and technology innovation in Shanxi Province, explores the underlying mechanism of lack of drive in agricultural science and technology innovation, and clears the direction of research. Thirdly, through empirical research on the influencing factors of driving agricultural science and technology innovation in Shanxi Province, the system indicates a certain correlation between agricultural science and technology innovation of human resources, financial and material resources, policy system and other influence factors and agricultural science and technology innovation output in Shanxi Province, reveals the extent of the role of changes in various factors of agricultural science and technology innovation, and emphasizes the factors such as agricultural sciences R&D expenses within expenditure, investment in agricultural science and technology human resources, marketing process, finance supporting agriculture policy support and so on to promote the importance of agricultural scientific and technological innovation in Shanxi Province, which provides an objective basis for building the drive mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation and the correct selection of policy approaches. Fourth, through on-the-spot investigation, the author explores the desire and its influencing factors of agricultural scientific research personnel participating in agricultural science and technology innovation and the farmers' demand in agricultural science and technology from the microscopic perspective. The results show that(1) farmers as a whole there is a relatively strong demand of agricultural science and technology will, but the lack of effective demand; Agricultural science and technology demand of farmers mainly by age, gender, educational level, whether to participate in agricultural science and technology training, family income level, arable land, agricultural technology is complex and other factors.(2)Agricultural science and technology innovation of agricultural scientific research personnel will high overall, there is a positive relationship on the whole between agricultural research staff's education level, job title, cognitive aspects of innovation and its willingness to innovation. Willingness of Shanxi agricultural researchers in agricultural science and technology innovation mainly influenced by age, title, education level, the choice of the agricultural technology research, attention of agriculture science and technology innovation information, the transfer function of reward and promotion system, the innovation degree of freedom of agricultural scientific research personnel, the atmosphere and mechanism of agency team and other factors, however, the influence of different factors on the willingness to participate in innovation to vary. The fifth, from a practical point of view, through the comparative research of normal mode of agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism, the ideal model of multiple cooperative agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism is built. However, It is suitable for agricultural science and technology innovation to implement government-leading plan promote and market demand induced pull joint drive mechanism model by market-oriented approach in transition period in Shanxi Province. The sixth, in terms of measures, the system puts forward the countermeasures on the construction of Shanxi Province agricultural science and technology innovation drive mechanism in agricultural science and technology research and development mechanism, agricultural scientific research input mechanism, market mechanism, government support and guidance, incentive mechanism, agricultural technology promotion mechanism, the personnel training mechanism, the innovation risk guarantee mechanism and other aspects.
引文
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