低透气性煤层粉乳炸药预裂爆破增透实验及工艺研究
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摘要
瓦斯动力灾害一直是威胁煤矿安全生产的主要灾害之一。目前，深孔预裂爆破技术已成为增强高瓦斯低透气性煤层的透气性，提高瓦斯抽采率进而消除瓦斯动力灾害的一种重要技术手段。深孔预裂爆破技术中炸药的爆破性能直接决定了爆破后形成裂隙区的大小，也就决定了瓦斯抽采率的高低。与常用的煤矿许用膏状乳化炸药相比，粉状乳化炸药具有良好的抗水性能和贮存稳定性，充填便捷，爆炸性能优良。为了对比分析粉状乳化炸药和膏状乳化炸药在低透气性高瓦斯煤层内的深孔预裂爆破效果，通过数值模拟研究了两类炸药爆破时煤体内爆生裂纹的产生和扩展规律、爆炸冲击波压力衰减规律、爆破过程中应力场分布的变化以及爆破过程中能量衰减规律。针对实际煤体承受地应力的情况，同时模拟了只承受垂直地应力和不同侧压系数条件下，煤体内爆生裂纹的扩展规律，分别得出了爆生裂纹扩展长度与垂直地应力和侧压系数的函数关系。针对粉状乳化炸药的特性，提出了煤矿井下工作面现场装药工艺。
Gas-related dynamic disaster has been one of the most dangerous disasters in coal mine. Thedeep-hole pre-splitting detonation technique provides an efficient way to deal with this problem byimproving the permeability of low-permeability and gas-rich coal seam to enhance the gas drainage.The detonation performance of the explosive, however, decides the detonation effect, since itimposes a direct influence on the range of the crack zone and the consequent extraction rate of gas.Comparing with the emulsion explosive, the powder-emulsion explosive gives a better waterresistant property, reposition stability, charging convenience and detonation performance. In orderto obtain a comparative analysis of the detonation effect between the emulsion explosive and thepowder-emulsion explosive, a numerical simulation was conducted to simulate the crackproduction and extension induced by detonation, the attenuation of the shock wave pressure, thechange of the stress field and the damping of the energy. Since the coal seam under the realcondition bears in-situ stress, the detonation induced crack extension under the vertical in-situstress and the different lateral pressure coefficients were also examined. The relationship betweenthe crack length and the vertical in-situ stress, and the relationship between the crack length and thelateral pressure coefficient were obtained from the simulation. According to the performance of thepowder-emulsion explosive, the in-situ charging operation was proposed.
Gas-related dynamic disaster has been one of the most dangerous disasters in coal mine. Thedeep-hole pre-splitting detonation technique provides an efficient way to deal with this problem byimproving the permeability of low-permeability and gas-rich coal seam to enhance the gas drainage.The detonation performance of the explosive, however, decides the detonation effect, since itimposes a direct influence on the range of the crack zone and the consequent extraction rate of gas.Comparing with the emulsion explosive, the powder-emulsion explosive gives a better waterresistant property, reposition stability, charging convenience and detonation performance. In orderto obtain a comparative analysis of the detonation effect between the emulsion explosive and thepowder-emulsion explosive, a numerical simulation was conducted to simulate the crackproduction and extension induced by detonation, the attenuation of the shock wave pressure, thechange of the stress field and the damping of the energy. Since the coal seam under the realcondition bears in-situ stress, the detonation induced crack extension under the vertical in-situstress and the different lateral pressure coefficients were also examined. The relationship betweenthe crack length and the vertical in-situ stress, and the relationship between the crack length and thelateral pressure coefficient were obtained from the simulation. According to the performance of thepowder-emulsion explosive, the in-situ charging operation was proposed.
引文
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