二次型Boost变换器研究
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摘要
近年来,随着能源危机和环境保护两大问题的日益严峻,新能源的利用和开发成为研究热点,太阳能光伏发电系统和燃料电池系统等新能源技术的应用对开关DC-DC变换器的输入电压范围提出了越来越高的要求。变换器级联技术可以有效拓宽开关DC-DC变换器的输入电压范围,即用两个或多个变换器进行级联,但随着变换器级联个数的增加,将会带来开关管数量增加和控制回路设计复杂等问题。
二次型Boost变换器仅使用一个开关管即可实现与占空比成平方关系的电压增益,拓宽了开关DC-DC变换器的输入电压范围,使其在太阳能光伏发电系统和燃料电池系统等新能源应用领域具有广泛的应用前景。根据二次型Boost变换器输入电感和储能电感的工作模式,将其分为了CCM-CCM二次型Boost变换器、CCM-DCM二次型Boost变换器、DCM-CCM二次型Boost变换器以及DCM-DCM二次型Boost变换器,建立了四种变换器的状态空间平均等效模型；推导了输入电感电流、储能电感电流和输出电压对占空比的传递函数并分析了其频域特性；划分了二次型Boost变换器工作区域,为变换器的参数设计提供了理论指导。
本论文研究了二次型Boost变换器的能量传输模式、输出电压纹波和控制器设计。根据储能电感电流谷值与输出电流的关系,分析了二次型Boost变换器在开关管关断期间的能量传输模式,并分析了不同能量传输模式时输出电压纹波特性；得出了能量传输模式的临界电感值和临界工作条件；验证了将输入电感电流和输出电容电压作为反馈信号的峰值电流控制策略的可行性,简化了控制环路设计。
本论文通过对二次型Boost变换器开关状态的完整描述,推导了两个电感电流边界,建立了电流控制二次型Boost变换器的分段光滑迭代映射模型。对比分析了以输入电感电流或储能电感电流作为电流反馈量的非线性分岔行为。通过稳定性和工作模式分析,得到了电流控制二次型Boost变换器从稳定的周期1工作状态到次谐波振荡状态转移以及从电感电流不连续导电模式(DCM)到连续导电模式(CCM)转移的条件并采用参数空间映射图,对二次型Boost变换器的工作状态域进行了估计。同时分析了斜坡补偿电流控制二次型Boost变换器的分岔行为、工作状态域估计以及稳定性。研究结果表明,不同的参数变化有着不同的分岔路由,存在工作模式转移现象,电流控制二次型Boost变换器呈现复杂的动力学行为。
为拓展二次型Boost变换器的应用范围,本论文将二次型Boost变换器应用于PFC领域,提出了二次型Boost PFC变换器。对比分析了传统Boost PFC变换器和二次型Boost PFC变换器输入电感电流纹波、控制器设计、输出电压纹波以及动态响应速度的优缺点。研究结果表明,与传统Boost PFC变换器相比,二次型Boost PFC变换器具有更小输入电感电流纹和更快的动态响应速度,且没有增加控制环路的复杂性。
为了验证理论分析的正确性,搭建了仿真模型,并制作了相应的实验电路,给出了相应的实验结果。实验结果与仿真结果相符,并验证了理论分析的正确性。
The utilization and development of new energy sources become a research focus because of constant serious energy crisis and environmental protection. The applications of solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems, and other new energy technologies put forward higher requirements for input voltage range of switching DC-DC converter. Cascade technology for converter can effectively widen the input voltage range of switching DC-DC converter, i.e. two or more converter in cascade, but which will bring the increase number of switch tubes and complexity design of control loop with increasing number of the cascade converters.
Quadratic Boost converter using only one switch tube can be realized the voltage gain related to the square of duty cycle and widen the input voltage range of switching DC-DC converter, which makes it have broad application prospect in solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems and other the fields of new energy application. According to operating modes (discontinuous conduction mode, DCM and continuous conduction mode, CCM) of input inductor and energy storage inductor, quadratic Boost converter can be divided into CCM-CCM quadratic Boost converter, CCM-DCM quadratic Boost converter, DCM-CCM quadratic Boost converter and DCM-DCM quadratic Boost converter. The state space equivalent models of the four converters are established. The transfer functions of input inductor current, energy storage inductor current and output voltage to the duty cycle are derived and theirs frequency domain characteristics are analyzed, working areas of quadratic Boost converter are also divided, all of which as mention above provide a theoretical guidance for the parameter design of the converter.
Energy transmission modes (ETM), output voltage ripple and controller design of quadratic Boost converter are discussed. According to the relationship between valley current of energy storage inductor and output current during switching OFF time, energy transmission modes of quadratic Boost converter and output voltage ripple characteristics are analyzed. The critical inductance value and critical operating conditions of the energy transmission modes are deduced. The feasibility of the input inductor current and output capacitor voltage used as a feedback signal of the peak current control strategy is verified, which simplifies the design of control loops.
The two inductor current boundaries are derived and segmented smooth iteration mapping model of current controlled quadratic Boost converter is established depending on the detailed description of switching states. The comparative analysis of the nonlinear bifurcation behaviors is investigated with input inductor current and the storage inductor current as current feedback respectively. Two boundary conditions that shift between stable period-one state and sub-harmonic oscillation state and between DCM and CCM are derived by analyzing stability and operating mode. The operation-state regions corresponding to circuit parameter regions are estimated by utilizing the parameter-space maps. Nonlinear bifurcation behaviors, operation-state regions and stability of current controlled quadratic Boost Converter with slope compensation are analyzed. An experimental circuit is built and the results show that both different bifurcation route and operation mode shift phenomenon are changed with parameter variations, the current controlled quadratic Boost converter exhibits complicated dynamical behaviors.
To extend the application range of quadratic Boost converter, the quadratic Boost converter is utilized to realize PFC in this paper. Quadratic Boost PFC converter is proposed. Comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional Boost PFC converter and quadratic Boost PFC converter are investigated including input inductor current ripple, the controller design, the output voltage ripple and dynamic response. The results show that, compared with the traditional Boost PFC converter, quadratic Boost PFC converter has a smaller input inductor current ripple and faster dynamic response without increasing the complexity of the control loop.
In order to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, a lot of simulation models are builded, and corresponding experimental prototypes are set up. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, and the correctness of theoretical analysis is validated by simulations and experiments.
二次型Boost变换器仅使用一个开关管即可实现与占空比成平方关系的电压增益,拓宽了开关DC-DC变换器的输入电压范围,使其在太阳能光伏发电系统和燃料电池系统等新能源应用领域具有广泛的应用前景。根据二次型Boost变换器输入电感和储能电感的工作模式,将其分为了CCM-CCM二次型Boost变换器、CCM-DCM二次型Boost变换器、DCM-CCM二次型Boost变换器以及DCM-DCM二次型Boost变换器,建立了四种变换器的状态空间平均等效模型；推导了输入电感电流、储能电感电流和输出电压对占空比的传递函数并分析了其频域特性；划分了二次型Boost变换器工作区域,为变换器的参数设计提供了理论指导。
本论文研究了二次型Boost变换器的能量传输模式、输出电压纹波和控制器设计。根据储能电感电流谷值与输出电流的关系,分析了二次型Boost变换器在开关管关断期间的能量传输模式,并分析了不同能量传输模式时输出电压纹波特性；得出了能量传输模式的临界电感值和临界工作条件；验证了将输入电感电流和输出电容电压作为反馈信号的峰值电流控制策略的可行性,简化了控制环路设计。
本论文通过对二次型Boost变换器开关状态的完整描述,推导了两个电感电流边界,建立了电流控制二次型Boost变换器的分段光滑迭代映射模型。对比分析了以输入电感电流或储能电感电流作为电流反馈量的非线性分岔行为。通过稳定性和工作模式分析,得到了电流控制二次型Boost变换器从稳定的周期1工作状态到次谐波振荡状态转移以及从电感电流不连续导电模式(DCM)到连续导电模式(CCM)转移的条件并采用参数空间映射图,对二次型Boost变换器的工作状态域进行了估计。同时分析了斜坡补偿电流控制二次型Boost变换器的分岔行为、工作状态域估计以及稳定性。研究结果表明,不同的参数变化有着不同的分岔路由,存在工作模式转移现象,电流控制二次型Boost变换器呈现复杂的动力学行为。
为拓展二次型Boost变换器的应用范围,本论文将二次型Boost变换器应用于PFC领域,提出了二次型Boost PFC变换器。对比分析了传统Boost PFC变换器和二次型Boost PFC变换器输入电感电流纹波、控制器设计、输出电压纹波以及动态响应速度的优缺点。研究结果表明,与传统Boost PFC变换器相比,二次型Boost PFC变换器具有更小输入电感电流纹和更快的动态响应速度,且没有增加控制环路的复杂性。
为了验证理论分析的正确性,搭建了仿真模型,并制作了相应的实验电路,给出了相应的实验结果。实验结果与仿真结果相符,并验证了理论分析的正确性。
The utilization and development of new energy sources become a research focus because of constant serious energy crisis and environmental protection. The applications of solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems, and other new energy technologies put forward higher requirements for input voltage range of switching DC-DC converter. Cascade technology for converter can effectively widen the input voltage range of switching DC-DC converter, i.e. two or more converter in cascade, but which will bring the increase number of switch tubes and complexity design of control loop with increasing number of the cascade converters.
Quadratic Boost converter using only one switch tube can be realized the voltage gain related to the square of duty cycle and widen the input voltage range of switching DC-DC converter, which makes it have broad application prospect in solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems and other the fields of new energy application. According to operating modes (discontinuous conduction mode, DCM and continuous conduction mode, CCM) of input inductor and energy storage inductor, quadratic Boost converter can be divided into CCM-CCM quadratic Boost converter, CCM-DCM quadratic Boost converter, DCM-CCM quadratic Boost converter and DCM-DCM quadratic Boost converter. The state space equivalent models of the four converters are established. The transfer functions of input inductor current, energy storage inductor current and output voltage to the duty cycle are derived and theirs frequency domain characteristics are analyzed, working areas of quadratic Boost converter are also divided, all of which as mention above provide a theoretical guidance for the parameter design of the converter.
Energy transmission modes (ETM), output voltage ripple and controller design of quadratic Boost converter are discussed. According to the relationship between valley current of energy storage inductor and output current during switching OFF time, energy transmission modes of quadratic Boost converter and output voltage ripple characteristics are analyzed. The critical inductance value and critical operating conditions of the energy transmission modes are deduced. The feasibility of the input inductor current and output capacitor voltage used as a feedback signal of the peak current control strategy is verified, which simplifies the design of control loops.
The two inductor current boundaries are derived and segmented smooth iteration mapping model of current controlled quadratic Boost converter is established depending on the detailed description of switching states. The comparative analysis of the nonlinear bifurcation behaviors is investigated with input inductor current and the storage inductor current as current feedback respectively. Two boundary conditions that shift between stable period-one state and sub-harmonic oscillation state and between DCM and CCM are derived by analyzing stability and operating mode. The operation-state regions corresponding to circuit parameter regions are estimated by utilizing the parameter-space maps. Nonlinear bifurcation behaviors, operation-state regions and stability of current controlled quadratic Boost Converter with slope compensation are analyzed. An experimental circuit is built and the results show that both different bifurcation route and operation mode shift phenomenon are changed with parameter variations, the current controlled quadratic Boost converter exhibits complicated dynamical behaviors.
To extend the application range of quadratic Boost converter, the quadratic Boost converter is utilized to realize PFC in this paper. Quadratic Boost PFC converter is proposed. Comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional Boost PFC converter and quadratic Boost PFC converter are investigated including input inductor current ripple, the controller design, the output voltage ripple and dynamic response. The results show that, compared with the traditional Boost PFC converter, quadratic Boost PFC converter has a smaller input inductor current ripple and faster dynamic response without increasing the complexity of the control loop.
In order to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, a lot of simulation models are builded, and corresponding experimental prototypes are set up. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, and the correctness of theoretical analysis is validated by simulations and experiments.
引文
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