渗流作用下临海导流路堤围堰力学特性研究
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摘要
在社会经济高速发展,能源需求迅速增长的今日,开发清洁环保能源是可持续性发展的基本要求。具有巨大潜力的核电能源是我们主要开发的新能源之一,它不仅可以促进地区产业结构的升级,而且可以加速经济发展,增强我国综合国力。特别是一次能源短缺的沿海、内陆地区,更有必要积极发展核电。因此,加快核电建设、积极发展核电是保障国家能源安全的需要,对中国能源可持续发展、优化能源结构意义重大。
本论文依托在建的辽宁红沿河核电工程,结合其特点和实际情况,对临海导流路堤围堰施工阶段的渗流场演化和力学特性进行研究,从围堰方案确定到模型建立、从海浪海冰冲击影响到防渗墙验算、从流固耦合到强度折减及其稳定性计算进行了全面的分析,将分析结果应用并指导该实体工程,保证了导流路堤围堰施工安全。具体内容如下：
1、综述导流路堤围堰工程国内外研究成果,建立论文研究内容和技术路线
为了进行辽东湾核电站取水导流工程施工阶段渗流及力学特性研究,对国内外导流工程的发展现状、导流路堤围堰渗流机理研究、渗流场与应力场耦合研究以及土石围堰防渗技术的发展等方面进行了大量的调查研究工作。针对国内外研究现状,在重点研究导流路堤围堰工程、导流路堤围堰渗流机理研究、流固耦合分析技术和导流路堤围堰防渗方法等的基础上,确立了研究思路与启示,建立了研究内容和技术路线。
2、确定取水口导流路堤围堰方案,建立实体仿真空间模型
红沿河核电站取水工程取水量大,涉及向四台百万千瓦发电机组供水及向核岛提供安全厂用水,所以取水的安全性、可靠性极为重要。考虑简化设施降低造价等因素,需结合取水海域海岸线自然条件、工程水文地质条件对导流路堤设计方案进行了对比研究。结合实际现场,进行导流路堤工程选择、施工围堰方案比选,确定取水口导流路堤围堰方案及导流路堤围堰防渗墙方案。同时,通过采用有限元建模软件,对导流路堤围堰与海潮演化进行了仿真建模,实现了针对现场施工情况的取水口原始地形生成、取水口实体模型建立、取水口海潮变化仿真和导流路堤围堰仿真空间建模。同时利用SolidWorks软件和Midas\GTS软件,开展了导流路堤围堰与海潮演化仿真建模,实现了针对现场施工情况的取水口原始地形生成、取水口实体模型建立、取水口海潮变化仿真和导流路堤围堰仿真空间建模。
3、临海导流路堤围堰渗流与海浪海冰冲击影响
利用Geo-Studio软件和有限元模型建立,进行导流路堤围堰渗流特征分析、海水涌浪冲击影响分析、海浪抽吸影响分析和海冰撞击影响分析,初步建立了导流路堤围堰防渗施工控制方法,以及导流路堤围堰防护施工方法。
4、导流路堤围堰稳定性和防渗墙应力分析
滨海核电站导流路堤围堰是保证取水建筑物干地施工的重要挡水建筑物,对防渗、结构安全的要求高,渗流控制、变形稳定控制、施工控制是导流路堤围堰建设的关键问题,进行导流路堤围堰工程力学特性和稳定性验算十分必要。针对导流路堤围堰地基试验与稳定性分析工况,开展临时围堰与导流路堤地基中砂试验,选择确定临时围堰与导流路堤计算内容与地震输入参数,开展静力条件下导流路堤和临时围堰应力分析、施工二期遭遇地震时导流路堤和临时围堰结构分析、地基中砂的液化分析和极限平衡拟静力法稳定分析。
5、导流路堤围堰流固耦合力学特性分析
取水导流工程海域地形地质条件复杂,在取水口工程三维实体仿真建模的基础上,开展导流路堤围堰实体渗流分析,以及流固耦合力学特性分析,可以深入分析更接近工程实际情况,揭示施工阶段的导流路堤围堰稳定性。在形成渗流场与应力场耦合有限元方法和导流路堤围堰流固耦合有限元模型建立的基础上,进行了导流路堤围堰渗流规律分析、导流路堤围堰流固耦合力学特性分析。
6、围堰边坡强度折减及地震影响稳定性分析与围堰施工阶段监测与检测
通过Phase2D软件和有限元强度折减与地震响应分析方法,进行了导流路堤围堰有限元强度折减稳定性分析和围堰施工阶段地震影响稳定性分析。对导流路堤围堰进行有限元强度折减稳定性分析与围堰施工阶段地震影响稳定性分析,并针对导流路堤围堰工程施工测量控制和测量检验,建立了施工沉降、位移监测中的沉降观测目的和内容：测量仪器和测量等级要求,水准网、平面网、监测点的设置和要求,观测频率,导流路堤围堰工程沉降位移的评价。同时,利用探地雷达原理与检测方法,在建立雷达探测数据处理方法和建立探地雷达波相识别的基础上,对导流路堤围堰和导流路堤围堰内侧冰水探测与评价。
With the rapid development of social economy and mushrooming energy demand, clean and green energy has become essential to the sustainable development. Nuclear energy endowing with great potential is one of the new energies we are focusing on, since it can not only promote the upgrade of regional industrial structure and accelerate the economic development, but also enhance China's comprehensive national strength. It is particularly important for coastal and inland areas suffering from energy shortage to actively develop nuclear power. Therefore, speeding up the construction of nuclear power and actively developing such power is a must to protect national energy and is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's energy and optimization of its energy structure.
Taking the Liaoning Hongyanhe nuclear power project under construction as an example, this paper studies the seepage field evolution and mechanical properties of the coastal diversion embankment cofferdam at the construction stage in combination with the characteristics and the actual situations of the project. A comprehensive analysis is carried out from the determination of cofferdam program to the establishment of the model, from the impact of sea waves and ices to the checking computations of the cut-off wall, and from the fluid-structure interaction to the strength reduction and its stability calculation, of which the results will be used to guide the physical works to ensure a safe water diversion projects construction. Details are as follows:
1. Summarize the research findings of diversion embankment cofferdam works at home and abroad; establish the thesis content and technology roadmap
To study the seepage and mechanical characteristics of the water diversion projects of Liaodong Gulf Nuclear Power Plant in the construction stage, lots of researches have been done on the development status of the domestic and international diversion works, the seepage mechanism of diversion embankment cofferdam, seepage field and stress field coupling, as well as the seepage technology development of the earth and rock cofferdam, among which the focus is placed on the diversion embankment cofferdam works, researches on its seepage mechanism, analysis technologies of the fluid-structure interaction and anti-seepage methods, etc. The research ideas and implications as well as contents and technical routes have been determined based on the existing domestic and foreign researches.
2. Determine the diversion embankment cofferdam program for water intake; build space model of physical simulation
The Hongyanhe water project requires a large water volume that is supplied to four million-kilowatt generator sets and the nuclear island, therefore, the water safety and reliability are extremely important. In order to reduce the cost by simplifying the facilities, the diversion embankment design program should be studied comparatively based on the natural conditions of the water intake area, as well as the hydrogeological conditions of the project. Select the diversion embankment works and compare the construction cofferdam program according to the actual site; determine the diversion embankment cofferdam program for the water intake and its cutoff wall program. Meanwhile, simulate and mold the diversion embankment cofferdam and tide evolution with finite element modeling software (SolidWorks and Midas\GTS), to present the initial form of water intake appropriate to the on-site construction, build physical model of the water intake, simulate its tide changes and complete the diversion embankment cofferdam simulation and space modeling.
3. Effects of coastal diversion embankment cofferdam seepage and sea waves&ices impact
By using Geo-Studio software and finite element model, analyze the seepage characteristics of the diversion embankment cofferdam, impact effects and suction effects of sea waves, and the impact effects of sea-ices; develop the construction methods for anti-seepage as well as diversion embankment cofferdam protection initially.
4. Analyze the stability and cut-off wall stress of the diversion embankment cofferdam
The diversion embankment cofferdam of coastal nuclear power plant is an important water retaining structure to ensure the dry construction of water intake structures, thus imposing high requirements on anti-seepage and structural safety. As seepage control, deformation stability control and construction control are crucial to the construction of the diversion embankment cofferdam, it is necessary to check calculation for the mechanical properties and stability of the diversion embankment cofferdam works. Carry out tests on the sand in the foundation of temporary cofferdam and diversion embankment according to the results of the diversion embankment cofferdam foundation tests and analysis of the stability; select and determine the calculation content and earthquake input parameters of the temporary cofferdam and diversion embankment; carry out corresponding stress analysis under static conditions, structure analysis at the Phase Ⅱ construction in case of an earthquake, liquefaction analysis of the sand in the foundation and stability analysis by limit-equilibrium-based pseudo-static method.
5. Analyze the mechanical properties of fluid-structure interaction of the diversion embankment cofferdam
The water diversion projects is located at waters with complex topographic and geologic conditions. Carry out the analysis of seepage of physical diversion embankment cofferdam and mechanical properties of fluid-structure interaction based on the3D physical simulation modeling of the project, so as to further analyze its stability subject to the actual situation and indicating the construction stage. After developing the finite element method for coupling of the seepage field and stress field, and establishing the finite element model of the fluid-structure interaction of DEC, analyze the seepage rules and mechanical properties of such fluid-structure interaction of diversion embankment cofferdam.
6. Analyze the effects of strength reduction of cofferdam slopes and earthquakes on the stability; monitor and detect the cofferdam at the construction stage.
Analyze the effects of the finite element strength reduction of diversion embankment cofferdam and earthquakes on the stability at the construction stage by Phase2D software and analysis methods of finite element strength reduction and seismic response.
After completing the aforesaid analysis and measuring the diversion embankment cofferdam works for control and inspection, determine the purposes and contents of the construction settlement and displacement monitoring:requirements for measuring instruments and measuring levels, settings and requirements of leveling network, plane net and monitoring points, the frequency of monitoring, and the evaluation of the diversion embankment cofferdam works settlement and displacement. Meanwhile, use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) principle and detection methods to detect and evaluate the diversion embankment cofferdam as well as its internal ice water on condition that the processing methods of radar detection data have been developed and GPR wave modes identified.
本论文依托在建的辽宁红沿河核电工程,结合其特点和实际情况,对临海导流路堤围堰施工阶段的渗流场演化和力学特性进行研究,从围堰方案确定到模型建立、从海浪海冰冲击影响到防渗墙验算、从流固耦合到强度折减及其稳定性计算进行了全面的分析,将分析结果应用并指导该实体工程,保证了导流路堤围堰施工安全。具体内容如下：
1、综述导流路堤围堰工程国内外研究成果,建立论文研究内容和技术路线
为了进行辽东湾核电站取水导流工程施工阶段渗流及力学特性研究,对国内外导流工程的发展现状、导流路堤围堰渗流机理研究、渗流场与应力场耦合研究以及土石围堰防渗技术的发展等方面进行了大量的调查研究工作。针对国内外研究现状,在重点研究导流路堤围堰工程、导流路堤围堰渗流机理研究、流固耦合分析技术和导流路堤围堰防渗方法等的基础上,确立了研究思路与启示,建立了研究内容和技术路线。
2、确定取水口导流路堤围堰方案,建立实体仿真空间模型
红沿河核电站取水工程取水量大,涉及向四台百万千瓦发电机组供水及向核岛提供安全厂用水,所以取水的安全性、可靠性极为重要。考虑简化设施降低造价等因素,需结合取水海域海岸线自然条件、工程水文地质条件对导流路堤设计方案进行了对比研究。结合实际现场,进行导流路堤工程选择、施工围堰方案比选,确定取水口导流路堤围堰方案及导流路堤围堰防渗墙方案。同时,通过采用有限元建模软件,对导流路堤围堰与海潮演化进行了仿真建模,实现了针对现场施工情况的取水口原始地形生成、取水口实体模型建立、取水口海潮变化仿真和导流路堤围堰仿真空间建模。同时利用SolidWorks软件和Midas\GTS软件,开展了导流路堤围堰与海潮演化仿真建模,实现了针对现场施工情况的取水口原始地形生成、取水口实体模型建立、取水口海潮变化仿真和导流路堤围堰仿真空间建模。
3、临海导流路堤围堰渗流与海浪海冰冲击影响
利用Geo-Studio软件和有限元模型建立,进行导流路堤围堰渗流特征分析、海水涌浪冲击影响分析、海浪抽吸影响分析和海冰撞击影响分析,初步建立了导流路堤围堰防渗施工控制方法,以及导流路堤围堰防护施工方法。
4、导流路堤围堰稳定性和防渗墙应力分析
滨海核电站导流路堤围堰是保证取水建筑物干地施工的重要挡水建筑物,对防渗、结构安全的要求高,渗流控制、变形稳定控制、施工控制是导流路堤围堰建设的关键问题,进行导流路堤围堰工程力学特性和稳定性验算十分必要。针对导流路堤围堰地基试验与稳定性分析工况,开展临时围堰与导流路堤地基中砂试验,选择确定临时围堰与导流路堤计算内容与地震输入参数,开展静力条件下导流路堤和临时围堰应力分析、施工二期遭遇地震时导流路堤和临时围堰结构分析、地基中砂的液化分析和极限平衡拟静力法稳定分析。
5、导流路堤围堰流固耦合力学特性分析
取水导流工程海域地形地质条件复杂,在取水口工程三维实体仿真建模的基础上,开展导流路堤围堰实体渗流分析,以及流固耦合力学特性分析,可以深入分析更接近工程实际情况,揭示施工阶段的导流路堤围堰稳定性。在形成渗流场与应力场耦合有限元方法和导流路堤围堰流固耦合有限元模型建立的基础上,进行了导流路堤围堰渗流规律分析、导流路堤围堰流固耦合力学特性分析。
6、围堰边坡强度折减及地震影响稳定性分析与围堰施工阶段监测与检测
通过Phase2D软件和有限元强度折减与地震响应分析方法,进行了导流路堤围堰有限元强度折减稳定性分析和围堰施工阶段地震影响稳定性分析。对导流路堤围堰进行有限元强度折减稳定性分析与围堰施工阶段地震影响稳定性分析,并针对导流路堤围堰工程施工测量控制和测量检验,建立了施工沉降、位移监测中的沉降观测目的和内容：测量仪器和测量等级要求,水准网、平面网、监测点的设置和要求,观测频率,导流路堤围堰工程沉降位移的评价。同时,利用探地雷达原理与检测方法,在建立雷达探测数据处理方法和建立探地雷达波相识别的基础上,对导流路堤围堰和导流路堤围堰内侧冰水探测与评价。
With the rapid development of social economy and mushrooming energy demand, clean and green energy has become essential to the sustainable development. Nuclear energy endowing with great potential is one of the new energies we are focusing on, since it can not only promote the upgrade of regional industrial structure and accelerate the economic development, but also enhance China's comprehensive national strength. It is particularly important for coastal and inland areas suffering from energy shortage to actively develop nuclear power. Therefore, speeding up the construction of nuclear power and actively developing such power is a must to protect national energy and is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's energy and optimization of its energy structure.
Taking the Liaoning Hongyanhe nuclear power project under construction as an example, this paper studies the seepage field evolution and mechanical properties of the coastal diversion embankment cofferdam at the construction stage in combination with the characteristics and the actual situations of the project. A comprehensive analysis is carried out from the determination of cofferdam program to the establishment of the model, from the impact of sea waves and ices to the checking computations of the cut-off wall, and from the fluid-structure interaction to the strength reduction and its stability calculation, of which the results will be used to guide the physical works to ensure a safe water diversion projects construction. Details are as follows:
1. Summarize the research findings of diversion embankment cofferdam works at home and abroad; establish the thesis content and technology roadmap
To study the seepage and mechanical characteristics of the water diversion projects of Liaodong Gulf Nuclear Power Plant in the construction stage, lots of researches have been done on the development status of the domestic and international diversion works, the seepage mechanism of diversion embankment cofferdam, seepage field and stress field coupling, as well as the seepage technology development of the earth and rock cofferdam, among which the focus is placed on the diversion embankment cofferdam works, researches on its seepage mechanism, analysis technologies of the fluid-structure interaction and anti-seepage methods, etc. The research ideas and implications as well as contents and technical routes have been determined based on the existing domestic and foreign researches.
2. Determine the diversion embankment cofferdam program for water intake; build space model of physical simulation
The Hongyanhe water project requires a large water volume that is supplied to four million-kilowatt generator sets and the nuclear island, therefore, the water safety and reliability are extremely important. In order to reduce the cost by simplifying the facilities, the diversion embankment design program should be studied comparatively based on the natural conditions of the water intake area, as well as the hydrogeological conditions of the project. Select the diversion embankment works and compare the construction cofferdam program according to the actual site; determine the diversion embankment cofferdam program for the water intake and its cutoff wall program. Meanwhile, simulate and mold the diversion embankment cofferdam and tide evolution with finite element modeling software (SolidWorks and Midas\GTS), to present the initial form of water intake appropriate to the on-site construction, build physical model of the water intake, simulate its tide changes and complete the diversion embankment cofferdam simulation and space modeling.
3. Effects of coastal diversion embankment cofferdam seepage and sea waves&ices impact
By using Geo-Studio software and finite element model, analyze the seepage characteristics of the diversion embankment cofferdam, impact effects and suction effects of sea waves, and the impact effects of sea-ices; develop the construction methods for anti-seepage as well as diversion embankment cofferdam protection initially.
4. Analyze the stability and cut-off wall stress of the diversion embankment cofferdam
The diversion embankment cofferdam of coastal nuclear power plant is an important water retaining structure to ensure the dry construction of water intake structures, thus imposing high requirements on anti-seepage and structural safety. As seepage control, deformation stability control and construction control are crucial to the construction of the diversion embankment cofferdam, it is necessary to check calculation for the mechanical properties and stability of the diversion embankment cofferdam works. Carry out tests on the sand in the foundation of temporary cofferdam and diversion embankment according to the results of the diversion embankment cofferdam foundation tests and analysis of the stability; select and determine the calculation content and earthquake input parameters of the temporary cofferdam and diversion embankment; carry out corresponding stress analysis under static conditions, structure analysis at the Phase Ⅱ construction in case of an earthquake, liquefaction analysis of the sand in the foundation and stability analysis by limit-equilibrium-based pseudo-static method.
5. Analyze the mechanical properties of fluid-structure interaction of the diversion embankment cofferdam
The water diversion projects is located at waters with complex topographic and geologic conditions. Carry out the analysis of seepage of physical diversion embankment cofferdam and mechanical properties of fluid-structure interaction based on the3D physical simulation modeling of the project, so as to further analyze its stability subject to the actual situation and indicating the construction stage. After developing the finite element method for coupling of the seepage field and stress field, and establishing the finite element model of the fluid-structure interaction of DEC, analyze the seepage rules and mechanical properties of such fluid-structure interaction of diversion embankment cofferdam.
6. Analyze the effects of strength reduction of cofferdam slopes and earthquakes on the stability; monitor and detect the cofferdam at the construction stage.
Analyze the effects of the finite element strength reduction of diversion embankment cofferdam and earthquakes on the stability at the construction stage by Phase2D software and analysis methods of finite element strength reduction and seismic response.
After completing the aforesaid analysis and measuring the diversion embankment cofferdam works for control and inspection, determine the purposes and contents of the construction settlement and displacement monitoring:requirements for measuring instruments and measuring levels, settings and requirements of leveling network, plane net and monitoring points, the frequency of monitoring, and the evaluation of the diversion embankment cofferdam works settlement and displacement. Meanwhile, use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) principle and detection methods to detect and evaluate the diversion embankment cofferdam as well as its internal ice water on condition that the processing methods of radar detection data have been developed and GPR wave modes identified.
引文
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