工科大学生工程伦理观研究
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摘要
工程活动在提高人类生产生活水平的同时,往往也给人类安全健康福祉带来伤害或威胁。诸多令人震惊的工程事故的原因,既有认识的局限,也有工程从业者的价值取向问题。以工程活动为重要发展动力的当代社会,特别需要工程行为主体在复杂的利益关系中始终将“造福人类”观念摆在首要位置,自觉以正确行为履行职业责任。
我国正处在工程大国向工程强国迈进、为全面建成小康社会而努力奋斗的关键阶段。我国工程职业化水平偏低、工程师声誉不高的客观形势,已经给我国工程界、工程教育界与社会各界提出了深刻理解工程职业责任内涵、全方位培育工程职业责任意识、各方面践行工程职业责任的重大现实课题。然而,作为职业责任意识培育起始阶段的工程本科教育,在很大程度上忽视了工科大学生职业道德教育；作为职业责任践行重要推动者的我国工程专业组织,在很大程度上忙于应付国内经济粗放型发展,致使工程自治水平偏低。
中共中央国务院《关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》(中发[2004]16号)明确提出职业道德教育是思想政治教育的重要内容之一。长期以来工科大学生的职业道德教育处于边缘化境地,职业道德教育内容针对性不强；工程职业道德研究还处于发萌阶段,工程职业道德教育尚未形成自己的理论体系。本文在深入调查和大量研读国外原文文献的基础上,在阐释工程伦理观定义、主要内容与逻辑层次的基础上,着力提出面向我国工科大学生职业道德教育的工程价值观即工程伦理观。
论文第3—7章以社会主义核心价值观为基础,以辩证唯物主义为思想方法,阐述了工程伦理观的核心内容。
第3章以人为本的工程造福人类观念,提出了以人为本、可持续发展的职业价值理想与追求。这一观念是工程伦理观首要的、基本的观点,它体现了社会主义核心价值观国家富强、社会和谐、生态文明的重要内容,统摄其余三个观念。
第4章以诚信正直为魂的工程声誉观念,提出了职业判断客观科学独立的价值取向,以及诚信正直的价值手段与尺度,对工程人员提出了职业行为的基本道德要求。
第5章以公平对待甲方为重点的工程忠诚观念,提出了公平维护甲方利益、统筹兼顾各方利益以及谨慎举报等行为方式。
第6章以平等对待同事同行为关键的工程合作观念,提出了平等互惠、共享共进、尊重知识产权、开展团队合作等方面的行为规范。
第7章工程自治与工程伦理观的践行,提出工程自治是工程职业道德的保障,工程职业道德教育是工程自治的前提。这一章探讨的是,工程伦理观实现的途径。
论文的主要创新点如下研究视角方面,针对我国工科学生思想政治教育的薄弱环节即职业道德教育环节,以新兴交叉学科工程伦理学为切入点,结合工程职业的特点、工程实践中的伦理问题,从价值观理论视角与责任视角,为工程职业道德教育立论。
二、理论方面,比较全面深入地阐释了工程伦理观概念,阐明了工程造福人类、工程声誉、工程忠诚、工程合作与工程自治五大范畴。
三、实践方面提出,工程自治是工程职业道德的保障,工程职业道德教育是工程自治的前提的观点。因为,只有道德自觉,才能做到道德自律,从而达到自治。
Engineering activities can improve human being's level of productivity and standard of living, but they can also do harm to or even threaten human being's safety, health and well-being. A number of shocking accidents related to engineering occur not only because of the limitation of cognition, but also because of the internal value orientation of the engineering professionals. In our modern society, with engineering activities as important driving force, it is especially needed that the subject of the engineering behaviors always put the "people oriented" idea at the initial position and therefore fulfill their professional duties without misconducts.
China has stepped onto the crucial stage of transforming from a big engineering country to a real engineering power, and striving for building a well-off society in an all-round way. But the fact can not be neglected that the level of engineering professionalization is still very low, and the engineers are still not well-reputed. This is a major practical issue which calls for the fields of engineering, engineering education and even all walks of life to deeply understand the implication of engineering as profession, to cultivate the sense of engineering professional duties and to put into practive the responsibilities of engineering profession. However, the undergraduate education, which is the initial period of cultivating occupation consciousness, has, to a large extent, neglected the education of professional ethics, and as the important promoter in carrying out professional duties, the engineering professional organizations are busying handling the extensive growth of the economy and therefore leads to the underdevelopment of self-government in engineering.
The documents of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have clearly stated that professional ethics education is an important part of the undergraduates'ideological and political education. However, for a long time, engineering undergraduates'professional ethics education has been marginalized, the contents of the education of professional ethics for the engineering undergraduates are not to the point, the research on engineering ethics has just started, and the theoretic framework of engineering ethics education has not taken shape. Basing on profound investigations and first-hand foreign resources, this dissertation puts forward the basic theory of engineering ethics, including the definition of engineering ethics, the major contents and their inner logic. Special emphasis is on the view of engineering ethics of the Chinese engineering undergraduates oriented professional ethics education.
Chapters3-7illustrate the core contents of engineering ethics, which complies with the socialist core values, from a dialectical materialist perspective.
In Chapter Three, the author puts forward the idea that engineering benefits human being, which is people-oriented and sustainable professional ideal and pursuit, and is the primary and elementary idea of engineering ethics. It governs the other three and embodies such important contents of socialist core values as the prosperity of the country, harmony of the society, and eco-civilization.
Chapter Four is on the idea of engineering reputation with integrity as its soul. In this chapter, the author puts forward the value orientation that professional judgement should be objective, scientific and indenpent, and the value measurement of integrity. This is the basic requirement of professional ethics for those people in the field of engineering.
Chapter Five is on the idea of loyalty to Party A."the master". In this chapter, the author puts forward the way of conducts that both the interests of Party A and other parties should be fairly considered, and accusation should be prudent.
Chapter Six is on the idea of cooperation, the key to which is treating coworkers as equals. In this chapter, the author puts forward such rules of conduct as equality and mutual benefit, sharing, respecting intellectual property rights, and team work, etc.
Chapter Seven is on the idea of self-government, with the engineering undergraduates' education of professional ethics as the source power. In this part, the author puts forward that professional ethics safeguards self-government in engineering, of which education of engineering professional ethics is the premise.
The innovative points of the dissertation are as follows:
Ⅰ. The innovation of research perspective:In view of the weak point in the engineering undergraduates'ideological and political education, i.e. professional ethics education, this dissertation starts from the rising interdisciplinary field-engineering ethics, combines the characteristics of engineering and the ethics problems in engineering practice, and clinches its arguments on engineering professional ethics education from the pespective of value theory and that of responsibility.
Ⅱ. The innovation of theory:It is for the first time that the author clearly puts forward the concept "engineering ethics" and has elaborated the five categories:engineering benefits human being, engineering reputation, loyalty, cooperation, and self-government in engineering.
Ⅲ. Significance in practice:In practice, it has been put forward in this dissertation that professional ethics safeguards self-government in engineering, of which education of engineering professional ethics is the premise, in that only when one achieves self-consciousness in ethics can they achieve self-discipline, and then self-government.
我国正处在工程大国向工程强国迈进、为全面建成小康社会而努力奋斗的关键阶段。我国工程职业化水平偏低、工程师声誉不高的客观形势,已经给我国工程界、工程教育界与社会各界提出了深刻理解工程职业责任内涵、全方位培育工程职业责任意识、各方面践行工程职业责任的重大现实课题。然而,作为职业责任意识培育起始阶段的工程本科教育,在很大程度上忽视了工科大学生职业道德教育；作为职业责任践行重要推动者的我国工程专业组织,在很大程度上忙于应付国内经济粗放型发展,致使工程自治水平偏低。
中共中央国务院《关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》(中发[2004]16号)明确提出职业道德教育是思想政治教育的重要内容之一。长期以来工科大学生的职业道德教育处于边缘化境地,职业道德教育内容针对性不强；工程职业道德研究还处于发萌阶段,工程职业道德教育尚未形成自己的理论体系。本文在深入调查和大量研读国外原文文献的基础上,在阐释工程伦理观定义、主要内容与逻辑层次的基础上,着力提出面向我国工科大学生职业道德教育的工程价值观即工程伦理观。
论文第3—7章以社会主义核心价值观为基础,以辩证唯物主义为思想方法,阐述了工程伦理观的核心内容。
第3章以人为本的工程造福人类观念,提出了以人为本、可持续发展的职业价值理想与追求。这一观念是工程伦理观首要的、基本的观点,它体现了社会主义核心价值观国家富强、社会和谐、生态文明的重要内容,统摄其余三个观念。
第4章以诚信正直为魂的工程声誉观念,提出了职业判断客观科学独立的价值取向,以及诚信正直的价值手段与尺度,对工程人员提出了职业行为的基本道德要求。
第5章以公平对待甲方为重点的工程忠诚观念,提出了公平维护甲方利益、统筹兼顾各方利益以及谨慎举报等行为方式。
第6章以平等对待同事同行为关键的工程合作观念,提出了平等互惠、共享共进、尊重知识产权、开展团队合作等方面的行为规范。
第7章工程自治与工程伦理观的践行,提出工程自治是工程职业道德的保障,工程职业道德教育是工程自治的前提。这一章探讨的是,工程伦理观实现的途径。
论文的主要创新点如下研究视角方面,针对我国工科学生思想政治教育的薄弱环节即职业道德教育环节,以新兴交叉学科工程伦理学为切入点,结合工程职业的特点、工程实践中的伦理问题,从价值观理论视角与责任视角,为工程职业道德教育立论。
二、理论方面,比较全面深入地阐释了工程伦理观概念,阐明了工程造福人类、工程声誉、工程忠诚、工程合作与工程自治五大范畴。
三、实践方面提出,工程自治是工程职业道德的保障,工程职业道德教育是工程自治的前提的观点。因为,只有道德自觉,才能做到道德自律,从而达到自治。
Engineering activities can improve human being's level of productivity and standard of living, but they can also do harm to or even threaten human being's safety, health and well-being. A number of shocking accidents related to engineering occur not only because of the limitation of cognition, but also because of the internal value orientation of the engineering professionals. In our modern society, with engineering activities as important driving force, it is especially needed that the subject of the engineering behaviors always put the "people oriented" idea at the initial position and therefore fulfill their professional duties without misconducts.
China has stepped onto the crucial stage of transforming from a big engineering country to a real engineering power, and striving for building a well-off society in an all-round way. But the fact can not be neglected that the level of engineering professionalization is still very low, and the engineers are still not well-reputed. This is a major practical issue which calls for the fields of engineering, engineering education and even all walks of life to deeply understand the implication of engineering as profession, to cultivate the sense of engineering professional duties and to put into practive the responsibilities of engineering profession. However, the undergraduate education, which is the initial period of cultivating occupation consciousness, has, to a large extent, neglected the education of professional ethics, and as the important promoter in carrying out professional duties, the engineering professional organizations are busying handling the extensive growth of the economy and therefore leads to the underdevelopment of self-government in engineering.
The documents of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have clearly stated that professional ethics education is an important part of the undergraduates'ideological and political education. However, for a long time, engineering undergraduates'professional ethics education has been marginalized, the contents of the education of professional ethics for the engineering undergraduates are not to the point, the research on engineering ethics has just started, and the theoretic framework of engineering ethics education has not taken shape. Basing on profound investigations and first-hand foreign resources, this dissertation puts forward the basic theory of engineering ethics, including the definition of engineering ethics, the major contents and their inner logic. Special emphasis is on the view of engineering ethics of the Chinese engineering undergraduates oriented professional ethics education.
Chapters3-7illustrate the core contents of engineering ethics, which complies with the socialist core values, from a dialectical materialist perspective.
In Chapter Three, the author puts forward the idea that engineering benefits human being, which is people-oriented and sustainable professional ideal and pursuit, and is the primary and elementary idea of engineering ethics. It governs the other three and embodies such important contents of socialist core values as the prosperity of the country, harmony of the society, and eco-civilization.
Chapter Four is on the idea of engineering reputation with integrity as its soul. In this chapter, the author puts forward the value orientation that professional judgement should be objective, scientific and indenpent, and the value measurement of integrity. This is the basic requirement of professional ethics for those people in the field of engineering.
Chapter Five is on the idea of loyalty to Party A."the master". In this chapter, the author puts forward the way of conducts that both the interests of Party A and other parties should be fairly considered, and accusation should be prudent.
Chapter Six is on the idea of cooperation, the key to which is treating coworkers as equals. In this chapter, the author puts forward such rules of conduct as equality and mutual benefit, sharing, respecting intellectual property rights, and team work, etc.
Chapter Seven is on the idea of self-government, with the engineering undergraduates' education of professional ethics as the source power. In this part, the author puts forward that professional ethics safeguards self-government in engineering, of which education of engineering professional ethics is the premise.
The innovative points of the dissertation are as follows:
Ⅰ. The innovation of research perspective:In view of the weak point in the engineering undergraduates'ideological and political education, i.e. professional ethics education, this dissertation starts from the rising interdisciplinary field-engineering ethics, combines the characteristics of engineering and the ethics problems in engineering practice, and clinches its arguments on engineering professional ethics education from the pespective of value theory and that of responsibility.
Ⅱ. The innovation of theory:It is for the first time that the author clearly puts forward the concept "engineering ethics" and has elaborated the five categories:engineering benefits human being, engineering reputation, loyalty, cooperation, and self-government in engineering.
Ⅲ. Significance in practice:In practice, it has been put forward in this dissertation that professional ethics safeguards self-government in engineering, of which education of engineering professional ethics is the premise, in that only when one achieves self-consciousness in ethics can they achieve self-discipline, and then self-government.
引文
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1 欧洲工程教育协会European Society for Engineering Education)在1998年,组建了工程伦理教育工作小组.
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5 “卓越工程师”之所以“卓越”,并不完全在于其专业知识更丰富,也不仅在于其解决问题的能力更强,而在于其综合素质更高。2007年9月,国际工程教育学会联合会创始主席Claudio Borri在工程教育大会上发表的《工程 教育的全球合作》提出未来工科学生需要具备的14种能力,即适应能力(Adaptability)、探索精神(Spirit of enquiry)、争决问题的态度(Problem solving attitude)交流技巧(Communication skills)、自我学习能力(Self learning ability)好奇心(Curiosity)文化敏锐力(Cultural sensitivity)社会认同(Social empathy)工作动机(Motivation for work)、市郊率处理信息的能力(Ability to manage information effectively)尊重他人(Respect for the others)宽容(Tolerance)恭听与对话的能力(Capacity to listen and to dialogue)伦理行为质量提升(Improvement of ethical behaviors)这些能力素质是综合性强、全方位的能力素质.
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④ 世界观作为人们对整个世界的总观念,按领域包括自然观、历史观、人生观：按内容分别要回答世界是什么的问题,世界怎么样的问题,前者属于真理观,后者属于价值观。所以,世界观在领域上分为自然价值观、历史价值观、人生价值观,在内容上是真理观与价值观的统一。价值观是世界观、人生观的一个方面,人生观是价值观的一个领域。现在,我们之所以把世界观、人生观、价值观并提,强调三观教育,主要是根据当代社会发展的需要,突出世界观中人生观的地位和作用,以及世界观、人生观中价值观的地位和作用。参见袁贵仁价值观：从理论研究到教育实践[J].哲学研究,2005(11)：4.
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黄楠森,王锐生,袁贵仁.大学原理[M].南宁：广西人民出版社,2000：354.
我们称呼某人是负责任的,可能有几层含义：一是履行了他的义务,二是他这样做是为自己的行为负责任的,可靠的。三是凭良心、责任心做事；四是他这样做是值得称赞的。无论如何,履行义务,是责任的核心意思。(1)义务。责任是义务,道德上的强制行为。有些义务是大家共同遵守的,例如诚信、公平、正派。其他一些是角色责任,如父亲的责任、雇员的责任以及职业人员的责任。因此,负责安全的工程师,会对建筑物进行常规检查。操作工程师,会不断辨别一种系统与另一系统相比较的潜在益处与风险。(2)可靠。具有道德代言人的能力,包括理解与执行道德理由的能力。经得起拷问的。自尊、骄傲、或者羞愧等。错误行为的两种基本形式：一是自愿的；二是无意的。有些自愿错误表现得很鲁莽,完全不顾明显的风险与责任；有些自愿的错误行为是因为意志薄弱所致的。无意识的错误行为,则没有对自己的责任赋予足够的重视。我们可能不知道做了些什么,但足我们应该知道做什么?劣质工程,往往属于这种情表。(3)良心,责任心。在道德上令人敬佩,从内心深处接受义务,并自觉履行这些义务。他们小遗余力地做正确的事：况且即使遇到困境,通常也是成功地做正确的事。然而,人无完人,一个人也许在工作上按良心做事,但在其他领域不一定如此,例如在抚养小孩的问题上。(4)值得谴责或称赞。如果必须要为错误行为作出明白的道德解释,这种情景就属于值得谴责。如果正确行为得到公认,这种情景就是值得称赞。如果说“谁为某座侨梁的设计负责”,就意味着谁为它的失败承受谴责,或者谁为它的成功得到称赞。总之,责任的首要意义关注道德责任,道德责任与过失责任、角色(工作)责任、法律责任,有交叉重叠之处,但又有明显的区别。过失责任,仅仅适用于失败原因承担的责任,工作责任由当事人具体领受的现场任务决定,法律责任则涵盖在法律规定的各种责任之中，职业责任超越了工作责任。参见Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger. Ethics in engineering [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 14.
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Edwin T. Layton.A Historical Definition of Engineering [J]. Research in Technology Studies,1991.(14):25.
Ralph J.Smith: Engineering as a Career[M]. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill,1983:160.
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马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：2.
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戴望.管子校正[M].上海：上海图书出版社,1986：114.
赵敦华.西方哲学简史[M].北京：北京人学出版社,2000：46.
③ 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：56.
① 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：16.
2 马克思.1844年经济学哲学手稿（单行本)[M].北京:人民出版社，2000: 83.
③ 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：294.
1 李云芝.以人为本与科学发展观[J].马克思主义与现实（双月刊），2005(5): 149.
2 徐海燕.论 “以人为本”为核心的科学发展观[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报，2008(5): 21.
③ 参见马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：67.
4 陈志尚, 任青.深刻认识以人为本的科学内涵[N].人民日报，2006-08-07.
公众的特征在于：1)无辜,对于工程带来的结果具有无助性；2)不知情：3)工程产品的使用者。因此,公众
应该具有知情同意权。(参见Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 76.)
Raymond E. Spier.Scicnce and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library.2002:76
Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002:61
④ 参见周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：50-51.
⑤ 参见周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：24.
Allison Ross. Nafsika Athanassoulis.The Social Nature of Engineering and its Implications for Risk
Taking[J].Sci Eng Ethics,2010 (16):147-168.
1 工程以项目为主要实施途径，而对一些不确定性，工程师需要谨慎设计、精密测试,最后生产成品。为了确保产品安全与可靠性,工程师需要采取多种措施应对这种不确定性。伦理问题,产生于工程师的日常活动。面对不确定性与风险,工程师必须依据伦理标准与技术标准,运用专业知识,做出理性判断,但并受这些判断控制。工程师为了保证充分的安全与可靠,必须考虑工程不确定性。(参见Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M].London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002:61.)2 中共中央文献研究室.毛泽东邓小平江泽民论科学发展[M].北京：中央文献出版社,2009：61.
1 林同炎先生是福建福州人,华裔美国工程专家,美国工程科学院院士,‘预应力混凝土先生’,著名桥梁专家。1931年毕业于交通大学唐山工程学院,1933年获美国加利福尼亚大学硕士学位。1933～1946年在成渝铁路、滇缅铁路任工程司兼桥梁课、设计课科长。1946年定居美国,任教于加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校。林同炎是美国预应力混凝土学会创始人之一。他的主要贡献在于首次系统而完整地提出荷载平衡法,用以求解预应力超静定结构。与他人合写的著作《预应力混凝土结构设计》,1981年发行第三版并被译成多种文字。他设计的代表性结构物有：旧金山斯科尼地下会议大厅、金门大学礼堂、跨度396米的拉克埃查基曲线型斜拉桥。他曾获美国和国际多种奖赏和荣称号：惠灵顿奖状、贺瓦德金质奖章、弗雷西内奖、伯克利奖和名誉教授称号、四分之一世纪贡献奖等。中国西南交通大学、同济大学和清华大学于1982-1985年先后聘他为名誉教授。2003年11月15日在其艾尔赛利度的家中去世,享年91岁。(参见肖平工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：199.)
1 参见马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：427
2 参见Charles B.Fleddermann. Engineering ethics [M].Newyork: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004: 46-52.
参见 R.S.Naagarazan. Professional ethics and Human values [M]. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006: 56.
2 Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger. Ethics in engineering[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 88-92.
参见肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2009: 198.
参见肖平，铁怀江.论现场工程师的伦理视野—以电动自行车的设计与管理为例[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学 版)，2011(3): 43-44.
3 马克思恩格斯斯选集(第l卷)[M].北京：人民出版社，1995: 42.
马克思恩格选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：373.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：42.
马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：303.
P.Aarne Vesilind.There Is No Such Thing as Environmental Ethics[J].Science and Engineering Ethics, 1996 (2) 307-318.
C. Verharen. J. Tharakan. G. Middendorf, M.Castro-Sitiriche, G. Kadoda.Introducing Survival Ethics into Engineering Education and Practice[J].Sci Eng Ethics, 2011 (9):12.
中共中央文献研究室.毛泽东邓小平江泽民科学发展[M].北京：中央文献出版社,2009：75.
中共中央文献研究室.毛泽东邓小平江泽民科学发展[M].北京：中央文献出版社,2009：119.
马克思思格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：383.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：129.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：128-129.
③ 肖平.工程伦理导论[M]北京：北京大学出版社,2009：131.
1 马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：267.
2 李人宪,刘丽娜.加强工程伦理教育势在必行[J].江西行政学院学报,2007(2)：73.
3 铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版
2013(2)：191 Jamie R. Hendry. P. Aarne Vesilind.Ethical motivations for green business and engineering[J].Clean Techn Environ Policy, 2005 (7):252-258.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：131.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：114.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：114
铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版)2013(2)：19.
铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版)2013(2)：19
铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版)2013(2)：19
参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路沿线文化资源保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(3) 19-20
① 参见肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：120-121.
② 铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：19.
1 参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：19.
2 参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：20.
2 参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：20.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：21.
刘川生主编.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M]北京：北京师范大学出版社：2009：75.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：36.
服务公共利益的目标与引导,通常在工程伦理规范中阐明。(参见Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger.Ethics in engineering[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 21.)
“管理有道——专业工程师实务指引”(摘引)[EB/OL].[1998-12-30].http://www.hkie.org.hk/docs/downloads/membership/forms/Ethics_in_Practice_Chinese.pdf
观点,是对于不充分原因的一种判断。假如一个某领域的专家发表某一观点,大众可能会接受此观点,并不需要该专家提供充分的理由。但是,认定此人为专家的标准,必须让公众了解并感到满意。一种由充分理由支持的观点,是一种理性的判断。一种由经过特殊训练或有类似判断经历的人做出的观点,是一种专家观点,或者职业观点种观点,如果既没有充足的理由,又不是有资质的人所阐述的,那么就仅仅是一种观点。认可某人为一个专家的标准,往往是此人的教育背景、从业经历、以及过去发表的众多准确观点。如果要让别人信服自己的观点,必须提供充足的理由或证据,或者提供其他信息证明自己这方面的专家。职业观点是一种价值判断,非选择性描述。(参见Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:14.)
1 国务院对7·23甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故做作出处理、54名责任人受到严肃追究[N].科技日报,2011-12-29.
2 Michael Davis Thinking Like an Fngineer: Studies in the Fthics of a Profession Practical and Professional Fthics Series[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998: 59.
3 周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：48-49.
周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑（下卷）[M].北京：商务印书馆，1964: 53.
周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑（下卷）[M].北京：商务印书馆，1964: 49.
3 因为工程师工作对人类生活有着特殊的影响,所以专业能力是工程师的一个道德维度。(参见Heinz C. Luegenbiehl.Ethical Autonomy and Engineering in a Cross-Cultural Context[J]. Techne 8:1 Fall 2004:57.)
1 裘立华，舒继华. “优良工程”开裂为何无人被问责[N].中国青年报.2010-07-20.
2 参见肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2009: 184.
3 Gail D.Baura.Engineering Ethics:An Industrial Perspective[M].Burlington:Elsevier Academic Press, 2006: 17. Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press, 2011: 17.
1 马克思恩格斯选基(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：163.
2 李万青等.竢实扬华、自强不息[M]成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007：75
3 丁冬阳.以三门峡水库为镜鉴[N].南方周末,2003-11-13.
Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger.Ethics in engineering[M]. New York:M cGraw-Hill, 2005: 1. Stephen Johnston, Alison Lee, Helen McGregor. Engineering as Capitive Discourse [J]. PHIL & TECH 1996 (1):3-4.
3 重庆建工九建公司黄正荣.论工程师的责任意识及实践转向——以广州地铁质量验收事件为例[J].自然辩证法研究,2011(7)：38-39.
Gail D. Baura.Engineering Ethics:An Industrial Perspective[M].Burlington:Elsevier Academic Press, 2006: 17.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：173.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：171.
参见马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：448.
参见[古希腊]亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学,廖申白译[M].北京：商务印书馆,2006：320.
(?)J. Ng.Engineering ethics. Good rules to follow[J]. Engineering Management, 2003(3):17.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：15
刘川生主编.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009：75.
① 正因为几乎所有工程师的行为都是在正规组织环境下发生的,许多工程伦理问题都产生于工程师的组织地位即组织的雇员,不是独立的行为者。(参见John Ladd. collective and individual moral responsibility in engineering: some questions[J]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, June 1982 (7): 21.
② 管理者与职业人员的不同。没有经过长期的训练,没有统一的行为规范。管理者与工程师在看待同一个决定时的不同思考角度,工程师一般将风险降到最低标准,而管理者要充分权衡风险与效益之间的关系。管理者与工程师在组织的地位不同,后者受前者的管辖。错误决定与行为的原因,往往是正当的社会程序所导致的。有人就提出职业的垄断性威胁着股东利益的最大化;有人则提出商业目的应该与职业目的相融合,并延伸到雇员、顾客、供应者及其他利益相关者。(参见Michael Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer:Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998:170.)
在特定社会生活领域内,社会制度产生相应特定的表达、交流方式、思想观点,这在在很大程度上界定、描述、限制和划定了在这一社会生活领域哪些可以说,哪些不可以说,以及如何说,这就是所谓的话语权。这种话语权具有产生实际效应的权利,有界定权和解释权。(参见Michael Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer:Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1998: 170.)
Raelin.The Clash of Cultures: Managers and Professionals[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1985: 14.
R Jackall.Moral Mazes:The World of Corporate Managers[M].New York:Oxford University Press, 1988: 105-107.
Charles E. Harris, etc. Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases[M]. Boston:Thomson Learning,2005:191.
工程职业与商业之间具有直接的联系,工程活动总是在一定社会的特定发展阶段上的商业环境中展开的。这正如马克思所揭示的那样,“商人是分工进一步扩大,生产和交往的分离的结果。”(参见马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：107)“周围的感性世界决不是某种开天辟地以来就直接存在的、始终如一的东西,而是工业和社会状况的产物,是历史的产物,是世世代代活动的结果,其中每一代都立足于前一代所达到的基础上,继续发展前一代的工业与交往,并随着需要的改变而改变它的社会制度,甚至连最简单的感性确定性的对象也只是由于社会发展,由于工业和商业交往才提供给他的。大家知道,樱桃树和几乎所有的果树一样,只是在数世纪以前由十商业才移植到我们这个地区。由此可见,樱桃树只是由于一定的社会在一定时期的这种活动才为费尔巴哈的‘感性确定性’所感知。“(马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)fM].北京：人民出版社,1995：76)
因此,工程有时被描述为俘虏性质的职业,因为大多数工程师是在大型公司组织里工作的。工程与大型组织之间的关系,犹如心脏与身体之间的关系,是有机统一的。在大型组织工作,是工程师的天然习惯。大型商业组织结构改变、等级结构的弱化,团队合作的增强,为工程师的角色作用发挥提供了良好条件。要求工程师跳出围墙,更加独立的进行职业判断。(参见Raymond E.Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]London：the Taylor & Francise-L.brary, 2002: 76.)
包尔生.伦理学体系[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988：292.
道德义务与道德规则,可分为绝对的,与相对的。绝对的是指,该义务的行为引导超越其他一切考虑;相对的是指,假如其他道德考虑更为重要,那么此义务就被搁置了。尽管任何一个义务,都有其对应的道德规则,任何权利都强加有义务,但是道德规则并不需要对应的道德权利。也就是说,应用到道德主体行为的道德规则,其行为对象并不是具有权利的。道德义务具体说明一些必须履行或严格禁止的行为。权利具体说明一些对于权利拥有者来说是允许的行为。道德规则,为具体界定伦理上要求的、允许的或禁止的行为提供了一种替代的选择方式。(参见Caroline Whitbcck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:48-52.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 65.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library.2002: 66.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 67.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 61.
(?) Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011: 48.
马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：247.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：82.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：84
煤气罐设计与工程标准。工程师明白该设计的安全隐患,管理者为了市场价格竞争,强迫工程师使用这种设计。设计师面临的两难困境,为了平衡用户的安全需求与管理者的市场需求,必须按照一定的价值取向与价值观念,履行对公共的伦理义务以及对雇主的伦理义务。一个工程公司如果损害公共利益,危害公共安全、健康,丧失了公信力,那么其机会成本会大大增加。危害公共安全的伦理案例包括贿赂、欺骗、环境破坏、丧失公平、研究与试验中的不诚信以及利益冲突等。(参见Charles B.Fleddermann. Engineering ethics [M].Newyork: Pearson Prentice Hall.2004: 99.)
利益冲突与有冲突的利益不是一回事。(参见R. S.Naagarazan.Professional Ethics and Human Values[M]. New Delhi:
New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006: 77.)
2 Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 80.
参见R. S.Naagarazan.Professional Ethics and Human Values[M]. New Delhi:New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006: 59-79.
职业权利,形成和表达职业判断的权利,也称职业良心。履行职业责任,技术和道德判断包括在内。往往与对雇主或同事的责任向冲突。拒绝参加伦理活动的仪利,也称良心拒绝。雇主不能强制雇员做在他看来不伦理或不可接受的事情。编造数据,篡改文件,歪曲测试数据,撒谎,行贿受贿。为了人类生活。职业认同,得到公平承认、其职业服务得到合理回报。工作或成功,得到货币或非货币形式的承认。利益和道德联系。敬业、不断提升、不兼职。公司专利、雇员份额太少,应该得到相应的薪水。危险告知公众的权利。同时不损害雇主的名誉,途径可以通过专业团体。公开谈论自己工作的权利,在保密、忠诚和有限的范围内进行。参加职业社团活功的权利。雇员的权利,包括基本人权、职业权利、宪法和合同赋予的权利、非合同约定的权利包括隐私权、业务之外活动选择权、平等权(非歧视、非性别尴尬、喜好型报酬)。(参见Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger.Ethies in engineering[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 80--81.)
1 Raymond E. Spier. Science and Technology Ethies[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 78.
2 马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：7.
3 参见M.A. Hersh.Whistleblowers-Heroes or Traitors?:Individual Collective Responsibility for Ethical Behaviour[J]. Annual Reviews in Control, 2002 (26) :243.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：168-169.
1 肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：14.
2 参见马媛.知识经济时代大学生团队精神的培育[D].西安交通大学,2010：17-18.
3 Edward F. Crawley, Johan Malmqvist, Soren Ostlund. Doris R. Brodeur.Rethinking Engineering Education[M].New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007: 8.
① “真正的自然科学只是从15世纪下半叶才开始,从这时起它就获得了日益迅速的发展。把自然界分解为各个部分,把各种自然过程和自然现象分成一定的门类,对有机体的内部按其多种多样的解剖形态进行研究,这是最近400年来在认识自然界方面获得巨大进展的基本条件。”(参见马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：359.
②路甬祥,王沛民.工业创新和高等工程教育改革[A].见：《面向21世纪高等工程教育教学内容和课程体系改革计划》工作指导小组.挑战.探索.实践(第1集)[C].高等教育出版社,1997：4.
③ 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：169.
④ 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：157.
L.L. Bucciarelli.Ethics and engineering education[J].European Journal of Engineering Education, 2008 (33, 2): 141 149.
② 参见肖平,工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社：2009：210-211.
③ 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：80.
④ 马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：640.
参见肖平,铁怀江主编.伦理感悟与生活艺术[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社：2010：94-95.
参见肖平,铁怀江主编.伦理感悟与生活艺术[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社：2010：106-107.
③ 参见肖平,铁怀江主编.伦理感悟与生活艺术[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社：2010：109-110.
本书编写组.江泽民《论科学技术》学习读本[M].北京：中共中央党校出版社,2001：200.
Charles E.Harris, Jr., Michael S.Pritchard, Michael J.Rabins. Engineering ethics:concepts and cases (third edition)
[M].Newyork: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006: 167.
中国汽车自主创新重庆宣高[N].科技日报,2011-04-15.
胡锦涛在中国科学院第十二次院士大会、中国工程院第七次院士大会上的讲话[EB/OL]. [2004-06-02]. http://www.sina.com.cn.参照马克思对工人劳动异化的观点而提出.(参见马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：45.)
R. S. Naagarazan. ProfessionalEthics and Human Values [M]. New Delhi:New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers,
2006: 75.
Charles B.Fleddermann. Engineering ethics [M].New York: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004: 43-48.
参见 Karl A. Smith. Project Management and Teamwork[M]. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000: 195-210.
3 殷瑞钰.哲学视野中的工程[N].光明日报,2007-12-01.
Anonymous.Teamwork key to engineering success[J]. Machine Design,1996(68):3.
Jim Watson. Ethics for Engineers Falls in an Unstructured Gray Zone [J]. IEEE POTENTIALS, 2006 (7): 14-16.
转引自柯顿.拯救自己的9种能力[M].北京：企业管理出版社,2002：237.
转引自柯顿.拯救自己的9种能力[M].北京：企业管理出版社,2002：237.
3 Jim Watson. Ethics for Engineers Falls in an Unstructured Gray Zone [J]. IEEE Potentials, 2006 (7): 15.
Karl A. Smith. Project Management and Teamwork[M]. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000: 2.
2 Karl A. Smith. Project Management and Teamwork[M]. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000: 6.
铁怀江,肖平.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].道德与文明,2013(2)：140.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：83-86.
② 规范(code)来源于拉丁文,意指木板封面(wooden board)后来发展成为涂有蜡的木板,用来写字；再后来意指任何书籍(codex)。公元529年(529 AD),第一部与书籍尺寸大小一样的罗马法典即查士丁尼法典问世,具有高于当时其他任何法律摘要、法律汇编的权威地位。查士丁尼法典之后形成的法律摘要、法律全书、制度汇编与其他新的法律补充,共同形成了沿用至今的《民法大全》,被誉为欧洲的法律百科全书,即法典。现在能够类似国法大全的东西,或者其中的一部分,都可称为规范(code)。医学伦理受此影响最大,如1803年托马西瓦1]两6i尔的绛典医学伦理学(Thomas Percival's classic Medical Ethics)的副标题是A Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons首次应用了code词。之后,工程专业协会或社团也沿用了"code"一词,用来约束成员的行为。(参见Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M], London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 59.)
③ 特定的专业协会或社团的主要功能就是制定、实行、修订得到成员认可的技术规范与伦理规范。这种规范让每个工程师懂得谨慎、细节、做到做好等伦理标准,懂得自己不仅具备行业属性即有特色知识，而且具备职业属性即知道正确应用知识的途径与方式。社团机构的运行主要靠“顾问模式”,所有成员自愿参加,成员之间有共同的职业价 值观与行为标准；成员资格不固定,可以退出或者除名。人类确立自己的行为规范,是人类为生存生活得更加美好而不断努力、并且得到验证的思想结晶,因而是推进人类社会进步的一种强大的力量。人们确立的行为规范,涉及到价值判断。(参见Raymond E. Spier. Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002:22.)工程伦理标准,与工程技术标准一样,并不是发现,而是重大的发明。价值观,如诚信、安全与效率等,是行为的理由,同时也是我们制定采纳行为标准的理由。但是,这些价值观,即使是道德或职业价值观,并没有告诉我们应该如何行动。一种价值观,只要求我们在决定做什么的时候,需要有这方面的考虑。实践标准,包括工程伦理规范,即告诉我们如何行为。(参见Martin, MW.Personal meaning and ethics in engineering[J].Science and Engineering Ethics,2002(4): 17.)
从1870年到1920年,在工业革命的影响下,工程的基本联合迷失了。(参见W.Richard Bowen.Engineering Ethic: Outline 0f an Aspirational Approach[M].London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2009: 13.) 2 一般而言，发达国家和地区有多少工程专业协会，就有多少工程伦理规范。以美国为例，早在1947年，美国8个主要的工程专业协会均采用了ECPD的伦理规范。1955年,美国82个工程专业协会均按照工程职业发展协会(ECPD)现在的工程与技术认证委员会(ABET)—模式颁布了自己的伦理规范。1963年、1974年、1977年,经过三次修订ECPD的伦理规范形成了4大基本原则,并增加了28条守则和篇幅较长的指南。ABET代替ECPD后,大多数的工程社团均采用其基本原则+28条守则的形式ASPE EEE(?)。NSPE采用FORD 1937的版本但在1964年后沿用了自己的规范IEEE戊员超过30万，是美国最大的工程社团组织。1979年比NSPE规范简短,比ABET(除指南外)要长,并且只适用于协会成员。概括起来,美国的工程伦理规范实际上有三种,一是NSPE式的,二是ABET式的,二是IEEE的。美国电子电气工程协会的伦理规范(IEEE codes of ethics)属于“简短契约型”,共十条,而美国工程师联盟的伦理规范(NSPE codes of ethics)届十“j[K钏节,鬯一,芡罔T程职业发键委员会(ECPD)1974年制定的T程伦删Ⅲ地果用J’4个性奉腺则十7个伦理守则的骶架彤』℃,并僻到l!j.抖拜Ⅲ剐地区人多数号业肋、金的采纳,一直沿用争今。(参见P.Aarne Vesilind, Alastair S.Gunn苷是}]尧尔,筋j前邛.厂f譬、伦州‘j"境[M]：IL京：清‘F尺学…版汁,2003.
Raymond E. Spier. Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 63.
Michacl Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer:Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998: 37.
Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M].London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 76.
Michael Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer: Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1998: 15.
Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 71.
知道什么在那儿起效,什么不奏效,就是所谓的“工程科学”。如何组织T作,人与事如何一起工作的经验表达。应用关于人们如何在一个特定的工厂(现场)里一起工作的知识。(参见Gene,Moriarty.The Engineering Project：ItsNature, Ethics, and Promise[M].University Park,PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008: 13.)
4 Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M], London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 61.
所以有学者认为,工程是商业组织、政府、学界与个人共同努力将数学或自然科学知识应用到研发、设计、生产系统工程或技术操作中,旨在产生或发明一种实用系统、产品、程序或者技术服务。(参见Michael Davis.Thinking Likean Engineer: Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Scrics[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1998: 33.)
Michael Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer:Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998: 32.
P.Aarne Vesilind, Alastair S.Gunn工程、伦理与环境[M].吴晓东,翁端译.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：30.
转引自方克立,李兰芝.中国哲学名著选读[M].天津：南开大学出版社,1996：87.
1 Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London: the Taylor & Francis c-Library,2002: 61.
2 Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 81.
3 Raymond E. Spier,Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 65-81.
承包商投资大
1 铁怀江,肖平.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].道德与文明,2013(2)：139
2 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
3 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75
4 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75
肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
义务包括(1)负面的(或否定式的)义务与正面的(或肯定式的),假如代理人的义务规定为禁止做特定的事,那么这一义务就是否定式的义务；(2)普通的义务与特殊的义务。
2 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
我国大陆除了中国工程院在1997年11月12-13日日本大阪“中日韩三国工程院院长圆桌会议”上与日本工程院和韩国工程院共同共同签署发表了《关于工程道德的倡议》之外,再也没有关于工程伦理规范的条文可见。据清华大学曹南燕课题组的调查报告显示，我国45个主要工程专业协会均无单独成文的工程伦理规范,只有一些工程伦理思想散见于协会章程的宗旨论述中。这从根本上凸显了我国的工程职业自治水平低下,从而导致我国工程领域的事故与问题频发。(铁怀江,肖平.工程职业自治与工程伦理文化建设[J].道德与文明,2013(2)：139.)
参见肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报,2013(9)：71-75.
2 参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：212.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
5 参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：402-403.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
郑永廷,徐建军.大学生思想政治教育理论与实践[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009：180-181.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
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四、学位论文
[1](硕士)安鹏君.当代工程技术发展的伦理困境与对策研究[D].西南石油大学,2012.
[2](硕士)蔡婷.企业工程师与决策者的工程伦理思考[D].昆明理工大学,2010.
[3](硕士)靳博.工程合理性与工程伦理初探[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[4](硕士)李丽英.论工程伦理教育[D].长沙理工大学,2008.
[5](硕士)李胜俊.从汶川5·12特大地震学校建筑倒塌看我国工程伦理问题[D].昆明理工大学,2009.
[6](博士)李世新.工程伦理学及其若干主要问题的研究[D].中国社会科学院研究生院,2003.
[7](硕士)李霞.安全文化视角下的工程伦理研究[D].山西财经大学,2011.
[8](硕士)刘洪.工程举报研究[D].浙江大学,2007.
[9](硕士)马建强.菲利普·赫梅林斯基工程伦理思想述评[D].大连理工大学,2010.
[10](硕士)马颖.工程决策和设计中的伦理问题探析[D].昆明理工大学,2010.
[11](硕士)齐艳霞.工程决策的伦理规约研究[D].大连理工大学,2010.
[12](硕士)阮奔奔.工程职业自治研究[D].浙江大学,2009.
[13](硕士)沈辉.基于职业伦理和商务伦理的二维会计伦理理论体系[D].湖南大学,2007.[14](硕士)宋玮.茅以升的工程伦理思想研究[D].浙江工商大学,2013.[15](硕士)宋尧.金融工程中的伦理问题研究[D].东北财经大学,2012.[16](硕士)汤敏.我国工程伦理教育发展的问题及对策研究[D].成都理工大学,2010.[17](博士)唐丽.美国工程伦理研究[D].东北大学,2007.[18](硕士)王妍.环境伦理：人与自然关系和谐的伦理支点[D].吉林大学,2008.[19](硕士)谢桂山.圣经犹太伦理与先秦儒家伦理之比较[D].山东大学,2005.[20](硕士)张松.工程伦理的又一向度[D].曲阜师范大学,2006.[21](硕士)赵宏韬.基因工程所引发的伦理问题探讨[D].东北财经大学,2010.[22](硕士)仲伟佳.美国工程伦理的历史与启示[D].浙江大学,2007.[23](硕士)许凯.工程设计的伦理审视[D].西南交通大学,2007.[24](硕士)唐静.工程受影响者的利益损害类型与工程相关方责任分析[D].西南交通大学,2008.
[25](硕士)于贝.非自愿移民的公民参与问题研究[D].西南交通大学,2010.
[26](硕士)李文佳.电动自行车发展与管理的伦理考量[D].西南交通大学,2010.
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五、中文期刊论文
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六、中文论文集
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七、中文电子文献
[1]“管理有道——专业工程师实务指引”(摘引)[EB/OL].[1998-12-30].http://www.hkie.org.hk/docs/downloads/membership/forrms/Ethics_in_Practice Chinese.pdf.
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八、中文报纸文章
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[2]丁冬阳.以三门峡水库为镜鉴[N].南方周末,2003-11-13.
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九、常用网站
[1]http://www.zzg.gov.cn/publish/portal10/
[2]http://ethics.iit.edu/indexl.php/Programs/Codes%20of%20Ethicsengineer.html
[3]http://www.nspe.org/index.html
[4]http://www. abet.org/
[5]http://ethics.tamu.edu/
[6]http://wadsworth.com/philosophy_d/templates/student_resources/0534605796_harri s/cases/Cases.htm
[7]http://ethics.iit.edu/resources/onlineresources.html
[8]http://www.cwru.edu/
[9]http://www.murdough.ttu.edu/WorkshopsandSeminars.htm#ObjectivesOutcomes
[10]http://www.niee.org/docs/97November.pdf)
[11]http://www.me.ttu.edu/files/engr1315/kobza/ethics_slides.pdf)
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2 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009：74.
1 刘平斋.一部拓荒之作—评《工程伦理学》[J].天府新论,2000(5)：95-96.
论文发表的期刊主要在《自然辩证法研究》、《高等工程教育研究》、《科学技术哲学研究》、《道德与文明》《哲学动态》、《华中科技大学学报》(社会科学版)、《伦理学研究》《哲学研究》、《东北大学学报》(社会科学版)、《北京理工大学学报》(社会科学版)、《自然辩证法通讯》与《西南交通大学学报》(社会科学版)等。参见王永伟，徐飞.当代中国工程伦理研究的态势分析-以CSSCI和CNKI数据库中的工程伦理研究期刊论文样本为例[J].自然辩证法研究,2012(5)：45.
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包尔生.伦理学体系[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988：25
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3 D.Pelian. Engineering Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas[J].Journal of Metals,1979(7): 27.
张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：50.
参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：64-65.
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[古希腊]亚里士多德尼各马可伦理学，廖申自译[M].北京： 商务印书馆，2006：35
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1 路甬祥,薛继良.试淡现代工程教育[A].见：薛继良,王沛民.工程师的形成.挑战与对策[C].浙江大学出版社,1989：128.
2 王沛民等.工程教育基础：工程教育理念和实践的研究[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,1994：137-140.
3 MIT Aero-Astro (2000):Reforming Engineering Education:The CDIO (tm)Initiative[EB/OL].http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/academics/cdio.html.
4 路甬祥,薛继良.试淡现代工程教育[A].见：薛继良,王沛民.工程师的形成.挑战与对策[C].浙江大学出版社,1989：135.
5 参见殷瑞钰.哲学视野中的工程[N].光明日报,2007-12-01.
1 Jeroen Van den Hoven · Gert-Jan Lokhorst ·Ibo Van de Poel.Engineering and the Problem of Moral Overload[].Sci Eng Ethics, 2012(18):143.
参见马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：698.
① 参见[德]弗里德里希.包尔生.何怀宏,廖申白译.伦理学体系[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1988：14.
② 周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(上卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：304-305.
③ 参见周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(上卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：304.
④ 参见周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：57.
⑤ Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York：Cambridge University Press,2011：9.
⑥ 李伯聪.工程共同体研究和工程社会学的开拓.自然辩证法通讯,2008.(1)：22.
⑦ 马克思恩格斯选集第1卷,人民出版社,1995年6月：81.
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⑨ 马克思恩格斯选集第1卷,人民出版社,1995年6月：48.
1 黄楠森,王锐生,袁贵仁.大学原理[M].南宁：广西人民出版社,2000：320.
2 转引自当代哲学丛书编委会.今日中国哲学[M].广西：广西人民出版社,1996：139-141.
3 黄楠森,王锐生,袁贵仁.大学原理[M].南宁：广西人民出版社,2000：322.
4 肖平.工程伦理学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1998：35.
(?) Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:12.
Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:31.
Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:11.
3 转引自当代哲学丛书编委会.今日中国哲学[M].广西：广西人民出版社,1996：132.
4 周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：79.
1 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：78-79.
2 参见马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：46-47.
3 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：47.
4 马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：9.
5 马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：82.
6 周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：45.
7 参见马克思恩格斯选集第3卷[M].北京：人民出版社，1995: 435.
8 Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:14.
9 Caroline Whitbeck Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:15.
① 参见魏英敏主编.中国伦理学百科全书(职业伦理学卷)[M].长春：吉林人民出版社,1993：47-48.
2 Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 18-22.
② 袁贵仁.价值观：从理论研究到教育实践[J].哲学研究.2005(12)：3
④ 世界观作为人们对整个世界的总观念,按领域包括自然观、历史观、人生观：按内容分别要回答世界是什么的问题,世界怎么样的问题,前者属于真理观,后者属于价值观。所以,世界观在领域上分为自然价值观、历史价值观、人生价值观,在内容上是真理观与价值观的统一。价值观是世界观、人生观的一个方面,人生观是价值观的一个领域。现在,我们之所以把世界观、人生观、价值观并提,强调三观教育,主要是根据当代社会发展的需要,突出世界观中人生观的地位和作用,以及世界观、人生观中价值观的地位和作用。参见袁贵仁价值观：从理论研究到教育实践[J].哲学研究,2005(11)：4.
⑤ 参见袁贵仁.价值观：从理论研究到教育实践[J].哲学研究,2005(12)：4.
⑥ 参见袁贵仁.价值观：从理论研究到教育实践[J].哲学研究,2005(12)：4.
黄楠森,王锐生,袁贵仁.大学原理[M].南宁：广西人民出版社,2000：354.
我们称呼某人是负责任的,可能有几层含义：一是履行了他的义务,二是他这样做是为自己的行为负责任的,可靠的。三是凭良心、责任心做事；四是他这样做是值得称赞的。无论如何,履行义务,是责任的核心意思。(1)义务。责任是义务,道德上的强制行为。有些义务是大家共同遵守的,例如诚信、公平、正派。其他一些是角色责任,如父亲的责任、雇员的责任以及职业人员的责任。因此,负责安全的工程师,会对建筑物进行常规检查。操作工程师,会不断辨别一种系统与另一系统相比较的潜在益处与风险。(2)可靠。具有道德代言人的能力,包括理解与执行道德理由的能力。经得起拷问的。自尊、骄傲、或者羞愧等。错误行为的两种基本形式：一是自愿的；二是无意的。有些自愿错误表现得很鲁莽,完全不顾明显的风险与责任；有些自愿的错误行为是因为意志薄弱所致的。无意识的错误行为,则没有对自己的责任赋予足够的重视。我们可能不知道做了些什么,但足我们应该知道做什么?劣质工程,往往属于这种情表。(3)良心,责任心。在道德上令人敬佩,从内心深处接受义务,并自觉履行这些义务。他们小遗余力地做正确的事：况且即使遇到困境,通常也是成功地做正确的事。然而,人无完人,一个人也许在工作上按良心做事,但在其他领域不一定如此,例如在抚养小孩的问题上。(4)值得谴责或称赞。如果必须要为错误行为作出明白的道德解释,这种情景就属于值得谴责。如果正确行为得到公认,这种情景就是值得称赞。如果说“谁为某座侨梁的设计负责”,就意味着谁为它的失败承受谴责,或者谁为它的成功得到称赞。总之,责任的首要意义关注道德责任,道德责任与过失责任、角色(工作)责任、法律责任,有交叉重叠之处,但又有明显的区别。过失责任,仅仅适用于失败原因承担的责任,工作责任由当事人具体领受的现场任务决定,法律责任则涵盖在法律规定的各种责任之中，职业责任超越了工作责任。参见Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger. Ethics in engineering [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 14.
黄楠森,王锐生主编.人学原理[M.广西：广西人民出版社,2000：68-69.
③ 张耀灿,郑水廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社：2006：7.
④ 转引自李秀林,王于,李淮春.辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义原理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1999：282.
马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：20.
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① 参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：13.
② 参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：14.
③ 参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：14-15.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：146.
参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：131-135.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：19.
刘川生主编.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009：74.
见http://www.niee.org/docs/97November.pdf
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简明社会科学词典[M].上海：上海辞书出版社,1984：527.
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[德]弗里德里希.包尔生.何怀宏,廖申白译.伦理学体系[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1988：453.
见http://www.niee.org/docs/97November.pdf
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马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：4.
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马克思恩格斯全集(第42卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1979：97.
戴望.管子校正[M].上海：上海图书出版社,1986：114.
赵敦华.西方哲学简史[M].北京：北京人学出版社,2000：46.
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① 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：16.
2 马克思.1844年经济学哲学手稿（单行本)[M].北京:人民出版社，2000: 83.
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1 李云芝.以人为本与科学发展观[J].马克思主义与现实（双月刊），2005(5): 149.
2 徐海燕.论 “以人为本”为核心的科学发展观[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报，2008(5): 21.
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4 陈志尚, 任青.深刻认识以人为本的科学内涵[N].人民日报，2006-08-07.
公众的特征在于：1)无辜,对于工程带来的结果具有无助性；2)不知情：3)工程产品的使用者。因此,公众
应该具有知情同意权。(参见Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 76.)
Raymond E. Spier.Scicnce and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library.2002:76
Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002:61
④ 参见周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：50-51.
⑤ 参见周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：24.
Allison Ross. Nafsika Athanassoulis.The Social Nature of Engineering and its Implications for Risk
Taking[J].Sci Eng Ethics,2010 (16):147-168.
1 工程以项目为主要实施途径，而对一些不确定性，工程师需要谨慎设计、精密测试,最后生产成品。为了确保产品安全与可靠性,工程师需要采取多种措施应对这种不确定性。伦理问题,产生于工程师的日常活动。面对不确定性与风险,工程师必须依据伦理标准与技术标准,运用专业知识,做出理性判断,但并受这些判断控制。工程师为了保证充分的安全与可靠,必须考虑工程不确定性。(参见Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M].London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002:61.)2 中共中央文献研究室.毛泽东邓小平江泽民论科学发展[M].北京：中央文献出版社,2009：61.
1 林同炎先生是福建福州人,华裔美国工程专家,美国工程科学院院士,‘预应力混凝土先生’,著名桥梁专家。1931年毕业于交通大学唐山工程学院,1933年获美国加利福尼亚大学硕士学位。1933～1946年在成渝铁路、滇缅铁路任工程司兼桥梁课、设计课科长。1946年定居美国,任教于加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校。林同炎是美国预应力混凝土学会创始人之一。他的主要贡献在于首次系统而完整地提出荷载平衡法,用以求解预应力超静定结构。与他人合写的著作《预应力混凝土结构设计》,1981年发行第三版并被译成多种文字。他设计的代表性结构物有：旧金山斯科尼地下会议大厅、金门大学礼堂、跨度396米的拉克埃查基曲线型斜拉桥。他曾获美国和国际多种奖赏和荣称号：惠灵顿奖状、贺瓦德金质奖章、弗雷西内奖、伯克利奖和名誉教授称号、四分之一世纪贡献奖等。中国西南交通大学、同济大学和清华大学于1982-1985年先后聘他为名誉教授。2003年11月15日在其艾尔赛利度的家中去世,享年91岁。(参见肖平工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：199.)
1 参见马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：427
2 参见Charles B.Fleddermann. Engineering ethics [M].Newyork: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004: 46-52.
参见 R.S.Naagarazan. Professional ethics and Human values [M]. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006: 56.
2 Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger. Ethics in engineering[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 88-92.
参见肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2009: 198.
参见肖平，铁怀江.论现场工程师的伦理视野—以电动自行车的设计与管理为例[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学 版)，2011(3): 43-44.
3 马克思恩格斯斯选集(第l卷)[M].北京：人民出版社，1995: 42.
马克思恩格选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：373.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：42.
马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：303.
P.Aarne Vesilind.There Is No Such Thing as Environmental Ethics[J].Science and Engineering Ethics, 1996 (2) 307-318.
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肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：128-129.
③ 肖平.工程伦理导论[M]北京：北京大学出版社,2009：131.
1 马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：267.
2 李人宪,刘丽娜.加强工程伦理教育势在必行[J].江西行政学院学报,2007(2)：73.
3 铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版
2013(2)：191 Jamie R. Hendry. P. Aarne Vesilind.Ethical motivations for green business and engineering[J].Clean Techn Environ Policy, 2005 (7):252-258.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：131.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：114.
肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：114
铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版)2013(2)：19.
铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版)2013(2)：19
铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版)2013(2)：19
参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路沿线文化资源保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(3) 19-20
① 参见肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2009：120-121.
② 铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：19.
1 参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：19.
2 参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：20.
2 参见铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2)：20.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：21.
刘川生主编.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M]北京：北京师范大学出版社：2009：75.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：36.
服务公共利益的目标与引导,通常在工程伦理规范中阐明。(参见Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger.Ethics in engineering[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 21.)
“管理有道——专业工程师实务指引”(摘引)[EB/OL].[1998-12-30].http://www.hkie.org.hk/docs/downloads/membership/forms/Ethics_in_Practice_Chinese.pdf
观点,是对于不充分原因的一种判断。假如一个某领域的专家发表某一观点,大众可能会接受此观点,并不需要该专家提供充分的理由。但是,认定此人为专家的标准,必须让公众了解并感到满意。一种由充分理由支持的观点,是一种理性的判断。一种由经过特殊训练或有类似判断经历的人做出的观点,是一种专家观点,或者职业观点种观点,如果既没有充足的理由,又不是有资质的人所阐述的,那么就仅仅是一种观点。认可某人为一个专家的标准,往往是此人的教育背景、从业经历、以及过去发表的众多准确观点。如果要让别人信服自己的观点,必须提供充足的理由或证据,或者提供其他信息证明自己这方面的专家。职业观点是一种价值判断,非选择性描述。(参见Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:14.)
1 国务院对7·23甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故做作出处理、54名责任人受到严肃追究[N].科技日报,2011-12-29.
2 Michael Davis Thinking Like an Fngineer: Studies in the Fthics of a Profession Practical and Professional Fthics Series[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998: 59.
3 周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑(下卷)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964：48-49.
周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑（下卷）[M].北京：商务印书馆，1964: 53.
周辅成.西方伦理学名著选辑（下卷）[M].北京：商务印书馆，1964: 49.
3 因为工程师工作对人类生活有着特殊的影响,所以专业能力是工程师的一个道德维度。(参见Heinz C. Luegenbiehl.Ethical Autonomy and Engineering in a Cross-Cultural Context[J]. Techne 8:1 Fall 2004:57.)
1 裘立华，舒继华. “优良工程”开裂为何无人被问责[N].中国青年报.2010-07-20.
2 参见肖平.工程伦理导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2009: 184.
3 Gail D.Baura.Engineering Ethics:An Industrial Perspective[M].Burlington:Elsevier Academic Press, 2006: 17. Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press, 2011: 17.
1 马克思恩格斯选基(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：163.
2 李万青等.竢实扬华、自强不息[M]成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007：75
3 丁冬阳.以三门峡水库为镜鉴[N].南方周末,2003-11-13.
Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger.Ethics in engineering[M]. New York:M cGraw-Hill, 2005: 1. Stephen Johnston, Alison Lee, Helen McGregor. Engineering as Capitive Discourse [J]. PHIL & TECH 1996 (1):3-4.
3 重庆建工九建公司黄正荣.论工程师的责任意识及实践转向——以广州地铁质量验收事件为例[J].自然辩证法研究,2011(7)：38-39.
Gail D. Baura.Engineering Ethics:An Industrial Perspective[M].Burlington:Elsevier Academic Press, 2006: 17.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：173.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：171.
参见马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：448.
参见[古希腊]亚里士多德.尼各马可伦理学,廖申白译[M].北京：商务印书馆,2006：320.
(?)J. Ng.Engineering ethics. Good rules to follow[J]. Engineering Management, 2003(3):17.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：15
刘川生主编.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009：75.
① 正因为几乎所有工程师的行为都是在正规组织环境下发生的,许多工程伦理问题都产生于工程师的组织地位即组织的雇员,不是独立的行为者。(参见John Ladd. collective and individual moral responsibility in engineering: some questions[J]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, June 1982 (7): 21.
② 管理者与职业人员的不同。没有经过长期的训练,没有统一的行为规范。管理者与工程师在看待同一个决定时的不同思考角度,工程师一般将风险降到最低标准,而管理者要充分权衡风险与效益之间的关系。管理者与工程师在组织的地位不同,后者受前者的管辖。错误决定与行为的原因,往往是正当的社会程序所导致的。有人就提出职业的垄断性威胁着股东利益的最大化;有人则提出商业目的应该与职业目的相融合,并延伸到雇员、顾客、供应者及其他利益相关者。(参见Michael Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer:Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998:170.)
在特定社会生活领域内,社会制度产生相应特定的表达、交流方式、思想观点,这在在很大程度上界定、描述、限制和划定了在这一社会生活领域哪些可以说,哪些不可以说,以及如何说,这就是所谓的话语权。这种话语权具有产生实际效应的权利,有界定权和解释权。(参见Michael Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer:Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1998: 170.)
Raelin.The Clash of Cultures: Managers and Professionals[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1985: 14.
R Jackall.Moral Mazes:The World of Corporate Managers[M].New York:Oxford University Press, 1988: 105-107.
Charles E. Harris, etc. Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases[M]. Boston:Thomson Learning,2005:191.
工程职业与商业之间具有直接的联系,工程活动总是在一定社会的特定发展阶段上的商业环境中展开的。这正如马克思所揭示的那样,“商人是分工进一步扩大,生产和交往的分离的结果。”(参见马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：107)“周围的感性世界决不是某种开天辟地以来就直接存在的、始终如一的东西,而是工业和社会状况的产物,是历史的产物,是世世代代活动的结果,其中每一代都立足于前一代所达到的基础上,继续发展前一代的工业与交往,并随着需要的改变而改变它的社会制度,甚至连最简单的感性确定性的对象也只是由于社会发展,由于工业和商业交往才提供给他的。大家知道,樱桃树和几乎所有的果树一样,只是在数世纪以前由十商业才移植到我们这个地区。由此可见,樱桃树只是由于一定的社会在一定时期的这种活动才为费尔巴哈的‘感性确定性’所感知。“(马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)fM].北京：人民出版社,1995：76)
因此,工程有时被描述为俘虏性质的职业,因为大多数工程师是在大型公司组织里工作的。工程与大型组织之间的关系,犹如心脏与身体之间的关系,是有机统一的。在大型组织工作,是工程师的天然习惯。大型商业组织结构改变、等级结构的弱化,团队合作的增强,为工程师的角色作用发挥提供了良好条件。要求工程师跳出围墙,更加独立的进行职业判断。(参见Raymond E.Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]London：the Taylor & Francise-L.brary, 2002: 76.)
包尔生.伦理学体系[M].中国社会科学出版社,1988：292.
道德义务与道德规则,可分为绝对的,与相对的。绝对的是指,该义务的行为引导超越其他一切考虑;相对的是指,假如其他道德考虑更为重要,那么此义务就被搁置了。尽管任何一个义务,都有其对应的道德规则,任何权利都强加有义务,但是道德规则并不需要对应的道德权利。也就是说,应用到道德主体行为的道德规则,其行为对象并不是具有权利的。道德义务具体说明一些必须履行或严格禁止的行为。权利具体说明一些对于权利拥有者来说是允许的行为。道德规则,为具体界定伦理上要求的、允许的或禁止的行为提供了一种替代的选择方式。(参见Caroline Whitbcck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011:48-52.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 65.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library.2002: 66.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 67.
Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 61.
(?) Caroline Whitbeck.Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2011: 48.
马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：247.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：82.
马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：84
煤气罐设计与工程标准。工程师明白该设计的安全隐患,管理者为了市场价格竞争,强迫工程师使用这种设计。设计师面临的两难困境,为了平衡用户的安全需求与管理者的市场需求,必须按照一定的价值取向与价值观念,履行对公共的伦理义务以及对雇主的伦理义务。一个工程公司如果损害公共利益,危害公共安全、健康,丧失了公信力,那么其机会成本会大大增加。危害公共安全的伦理案例包括贿赂、欺骗、环境破坏、丧失公平、研究与试验中的不诚信以及利益冲突等。(参见Charles B.Fleddermann. Engineering ethics [M].Newyork: Pearson Prentice Hall.2004: 99.)
利益冲突与有冲突的利益不是一回事。(参见R. S.Naagarazan.Professional Ethics and Human Values[M]. New Delhi:
New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006: 77.)
2 Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 80.
参见R. S.Naagarazan.Professional Ethics and Human Values[M]. New Delhi:New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006: 59-79.
职业权利,形成和表达职业判断的权利,也称职业良心。履行职业责任,技术和道德判断包括在内。往往与对雇主或同事的责任向冲突。拒绝参加伦理活动的仪利,也称良心拒绝。雇主不能强制雇员做在他看来不伦理或不可接受的事情。编造数据,篡改文件,歪曲测试数据,撒谎,行贿受贿。为了人类生活。职业认同,得到公平承认、其职业服务得到合理回报。工作或成功,得到货币或非货币形式的承认。利益和道德联系。敬业、不断提升、不兼职。公司专利、雇员份额太少,应该得到相应的薪水。危险告知公众的权利。同时不损害雇主的名誉,途径可以通过专业团体。公开谈论自己工作的权利,在保密、忠诚和有限的范围内进行。参加职业社团活功的权利。雇员的权利,包括基本人权、职业权利、宪法和合同赋予的权利、非合同约定的权利包括隐私权、业务之外活动选择权、平等权(非歧视、非性别尴尬、喜好型报酬)。(参见Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger.Ethies in engineering[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005: 80--81.)
1 Raymond E. Spier. Science and Technology Ethies[M].London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 78.
2 马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：7.
3 参见M.A. Hersh.Whistleblowers-Heroes or Traitors?:Individual Collective Responsibility for Ethical Behaviour[J]. Annual Reviews in Control, 2002 (26) :243.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：168-169.
1 肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：14.
2 参见马媛.知识经济时代大学生团队精神的培育[D].西安交通大学,2010：17-18.
3 Edward F. Crawley, Johan Malmqvist, Soren Ostlund. Doris R. Brodeur.Rethinking Engineering Education[M].New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007: 8.
① “真正的自然科学只是从15世纪下半叶才开始,从这时起它就获得了日益迅速的发展。把自然界分解为各个部分,把各种自然过程和自然现象分成一定的门类,对有机体的内部按其多种多样的解剖形态进行研究,这是最近400年来在认识自然界方面获得巨大进展的基本条件。”(参见马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：359.
②路甬祥,王沛民.工业创新和高等工程教育改革[A].见：《面向21世纪高等工程教育教学内容和课程体系改革计划》工作指导小组.挑战.探索.实践(第1集)[C].高等教育出版社,1997：4.
③ 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：169.
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③ 马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：80.
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参见肖平,铁怀江主编.伦理感悟与生活艺术[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社：2010：106-107.
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铁怀江,肖平.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].道德与文明,2013(2)：140.
肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：83-86.
② 规范(code)来源于拉丁文,意指木板封面(wooden board)后来发展成为涂有蜡的木板,用来写字；再后来意指任何书籍(codex)。公元529年(529 AD),第一部与书籍尺寸大小一样的罗马法典即查士丁尼法典问世,具有高于当时其他任何法律摘要、法律汇编的权威地位。查士丁尼法典之后形成的法律摘要、法律全书、制度汇编与其他新的法律补充,共同形成了沿用至今的《民法大全》,被誉为欧洲的法律百科全书,即法典。现在能够类似国法大全的东西,或者其中的一部分,都可称为规范(code)。医学伦理受此影响最大,如1803年托马西瓦1]两6i尔的绛典医学伦理学(Thomas Percival's classic Medical Ethics)的副标题是A Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons首次应用了code词。之后,工程专业协会或社团也沿用了"code"一词,用来约束成员的行为。(参见Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M], London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 59.)
③ 特定的专业协会或社团的主要功能就是制定、实行、修订得到成员认可的技术规范与伦理规范。这种规范让每个工程师懂得谨慎、细节、做到做好等伦理标准,懂得自己不仅具备行业属性即有特色知识，而且具备职业属性即知道正确应用知识的途径与方式。社团机构的运行主要靠“顾问模式”,所有成员自愿参加,成员之间有共同的职业价 值观与行为标准；成员资格不固定,可以退出或者除名。人类确立自己的行为规范,是人类为生存生活得更加美好而不断努力、并且得到验证的思想结晶,因而是推进人类社会进步的一种强大的力量。人们确立的行为规范,涉及到价值判断。(参见Raymond E. Spier. Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002:22.)工程伦理标准,与工程技术标准一样,并不是发现,而是重大的发明。价值观,如诚信、安全与效率等,是行为的理由,同时也是我们制定采纳行为标准的理由。但是,这些价值观,即使是道德或职业价值观,并没有告诉我们应该如何行动。一种价值观,只要求我们在决定做什么的时候,需要有这方面的考虑。实践标准,包括工程伦理规范,即告诉我们如何行为。(参见Martin, MW.Personal meaning and ethics in engineering[J].Science and Engineering Ethics,2002(4): 17.)
从1870年到1920年,在工业革命的影响下,工程的基本联合迷失了。(参见W.Richard Bowen.Engineering Ethic: Outline 0f an Aspirational Approach[M].London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2009: 13.) 2 一般而言，发达国家和地区有多少工程专业协会，就有多少工程伦理规范。以美国为例，早在1947年，美国8个主要的工程专业协会均采用了ECPD的伦理规范。1955年,美国82个工程专业协会均按照工程职业发展协会(ECPD)现在的工程与技术认证委员会(ABET)—模式颁布了自己的伦理规范。1963年、1974年、1977年,经过三次修订ECPD的伦理规范形成了4大基本原则,并增加了28条守则和篇幅较长的指南。ABET代替ECPD后,大多数的工程社团均采用其基本原则+28条守则的形式ASPE EEE(?)。NSPE采用FORD 1937的版本但在1964年后沿用了自己的规范IEEE戊员超过30万，是美国最大的工程社团组织。1979年比NSPE规范简短,比ABET(除指南外)要长,并且只适用于协会成员。概括起来,美国的工程伦理规范实际上有三种,一是NSPE式的,二是ABET式的,二是IEEE的。美国电子电气工程协会的伦理规范(IEEE codes of ethics)属于“简短契约型”,共十条,而美国工程师联盟的伦理规范(NSPE codes of ethics)届十“j[K钏节,鬯一,芡罔T程职业发键委员会(ECPD)1974年制定的T程伦删Ⅲ地果用J’4个性奉腺则十7个伦理守则的骶架彤』℃,并僻到l!j.抖拜Ⅲ剐地区人多数号业肋、金的采纳,一直沿用争今。(参见P.Aarne Vesilind, Alastair S.Gunn苷是}]尧尔,筋j前邛.厂f譬、伦州‘j"境[M]：IL京：清‘F尺学…版汁,2003.
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Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 71.
知道什么在那儿起效,什么不奏效,就是所谓的“工程科学”。如何组织T作,人与事如何一起工作的经验表达。应用关于人们如何在一个特定的工厂(现场)里一起工作的知识。(参见Gene,Moriarty.The Engineering Project：ItsNature, Ethics, and Promise[M].University Park,PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008: 13.)
4 Raymond E. Spier.Science and Technology Ethics[M], London:the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 61.
所以有学者认为,工程是商业组织、政府、学界与个人共同努力将数学或自然科学知识应用到研发、设计、生产系统工程或技术操作中,旨在产生或发明一种实用系统、产品、程序或者技术服务。(参见Michael Davis.Thinking Likean Engineer: Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Scrics[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1998: 33.)
Michael Davis.Thinking Like an Engineer:Studies in the Ethics of a Profession Practical and Professional Ethics Series[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998: 32.
P.Aarne Vesilind, Alastair S.Gunn工程、伦理与环境[M].吴晓东,翁端译.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：30.
转引自方克立,李兰芝.中国哲学名著选读[M].天津：南开大学出版社,1996：87.
1 Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London: the Taylor & Francis c-Library,2002: 61.
2 Raymond E. Spier, Science and Technology Ethics[M].London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2002: 81.
3 Raymond E. Spier,Science and Technology Ethics[M]. London: the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002: 65-81.
承包商投资大
1 铁怀江,肖平.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].道德与文明,2013(2)：139
2 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
3 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75
4 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75
肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
义务包括(1)负面的(或否定式的)义务与正面的(或肯定式的),假如代理人的义务规定为禁止做特定的事,那么这一义务就是否定式的义务；(2)普通的义务与特殊的义务。
2 肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(9)：72-75.
我国大陆除了中国工程院在1997年11月12-13日日本大阪“中日韩三国工程院院长圆桌会议”上与日本工程院和韩国工程院共同共同签署发表了《关于工程道德的倡议》之外,再也没有关于工程伦理规范的条文可见。据清华大学曹南燕课题组的调查报告显示，我国45个主要工程专业协会均无单独成文的工程伦理规范,只有一些工程伦理思想散见于协会章程的宗旨论述中。这从根本上凸显了我国的工程职业自治水平低下,从而导致我国工程领域的事故与问题频发。(铁怀江,肖平.工程职业自治与工程伦理文化建设[J].道德与文明,2013(2)：139.)
参见肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报,2013(9)：71-75.
2 参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：212.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
5 参见张耀灿,郑永廷,吴潜涛,骆郁廷.现代思想政治教育学[M].北京：人民出版社,2006：402-403.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
郑永廷,徐建军.大学生思想政治教育理论与实践[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009：180-181.
参见肖平主编.理工科高校职业道德教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011:199-204.
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四、学位论文
[1](硕士)安鹏君.当代工程技术发展的伦理困境与对策研究[D].西南石油大学,2012.
[2](硕士)蔡婷.企业工程师与决策者的工程伦理思考[D].昆明理工大学,2010.
[3](硕士)靳博.工程合理性与工程伦理初探[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[4](硕士)李丽英.论工程伦理教育[D].长沙理工大学,2008.
[5](硕士)李胜俊.从汶川5·12特大地震学校建筑倒塌看我国工程伦理问题[D].昆明理工大学,2009.
[6](博士)李世新.工程伦理学及其若干主要问题的研究[D].中国社会科学院研究生院,2003.
[7](硕士)李霞.安全文化视角下的工程伦理研究[D].山西财经大学,2011.
[8](硕士)刘洪.工程举报研究[D].浙江大学,2007.
[9](硕士)马建强.菲利普·赫梅林斯基工程伦理思想述评[D].大连理工大学,2010.
[10](硕士)马颖.工程决策和设计中的伦理问题探析[D].昆明理工大学,2010.
[11](硕士)齐艳霞.工程决策的伦理规约研究[D].大连理工大学,2010.
[12](硕士)阮奔奔.工程职业自治研究[D].浙江大学,2009.
[13](硕士)沈辉.基于职业伦理和商务伦理的二维会计伦理理论体系[D].湖南大学,2007.[14](硕士)宋玮.茅以升的工程伦理思想研究[D].浙江工商大学,2013.[15](硕士)宋尧.金融工程中的伦理问题研究[D].东北财经大学,2012.[16](硕士)汤敏.我国工程伦理教育发展的问题及对策研究[D].成都理工大学,2010.[17](博士)唐丽.美国工程伦理研究[D].东北大学,2007.[18](硕士)王妍.环境伦理：人与自然关系和谐的伦理支点[D].吉林大学,2008.[19](硕士)谢桂山.圣经犹太伦理与先秦儒家伦理之比较[D].山东大学,2005.[20](硕士)张松.工程伦理的又一向度[D].曲阜师范大学,2006.[21](硕士)赵宏韬.基因工程所引发的伦理问题探讨[D].东北财经大学,2010.[22](硕士)仲伟佳.美国工程伦理的历史与启示[D].浙江大学,2007.[23](硕士)许凯.工程设计的伦理审视[D].西南交通大学,2007.[24](硕士)唐静.工程受影响者的利益损害类型与工程相关方责任分析[D].西南交通大学,2008.
[25](硕士)于贝.非自愿移民的公民参与问题研究[D].西南交通大学,2010.
[26](硕士)李文佳.电动自行车发展与管理的伦理考量[D].西南交通大学,2010.
[27](硕士)谢曦.BT项目回购风险控制中政府担保的研究[D].西南交通大学,2012.
五、中文期刊论文
[1]博洋,金德智.浅谈土木工程伦理的研究主体及其伦理责任[J].建筑设计管理,2012(10).
[2]曹南燕.对中国高校工程伦理教育的思考[J].高等工程教育研究,2004(5).
[3]陈凡,唐丽.论工程伦理学研究的趋势与路径[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2007(1).
[4]陈选华.关于社会转型期价值观念冲突的思考[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2004(3).
[5]程光旭,刘飞清.现代工程与工程伦理观[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2004(3).
[6]丛杭清.工程伦理学的现状和展望[J].华中科技大学学报·社会科学版,2006(4).
[7]段新明.工程伦理教育的三个价值向度[J].自然辩证法研究,2010(3).
[8]郭冬生.略论工程伦理及工程类大学生的道德教育[J].高等工程教育研究,2006(2).
[9]郭飞,王续刚.中国的工程伦理建设：背景、目标和对策[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2009(4)：116-121.
[10]黄时进.论系统论在工程伦理研究中的运用[J].系统科学学报,2007(3)：90-92,106.
[11]李伯聪.微观、中观和宏观工程伦理问题——五谈工程伦理学[J].伦理学研究,2010(4).
[12]李庆云.工程伦理课程的思想政治教育功能论析[J].黑龙江高教研究,2006(6).
[13]李人宪,刘丽娜.加强工程伦理教育势在必行[J].长春师范学院学报,2007(6)：115-118.
[14]李润珍,武杰,程守华.系统视野下的工程伦理[J].科学技术与辩证法,2008(1).
[15]李三虎.职业责任还足共同价值?——工程伦理问题的整体论辨释[J].探求,2005(5).
[16]李世新.对几种工程伦理观的评析[J].哲学动态,2004(3).
[17]李世新.工程伦理意识淡漠的原因分析[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006(6).
[18]李世新.借鉴国外经验,开展工程伦理教育[J].高等工程教育研究,2008(2).
[19]李世新.工程伦理学研究的范式分析[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2010(3).
[20]李世新.工程伦理学研究的两个进路[J].伦理学研究,2006(6).
[21]李世新.工程伦理学与技术伦理学辨析[J].自然辩证法研究,2007(3).
[22]李世新.工程文化与商业文化的价值冲突及其解决——基于工程伦理学的视角[J].科技进步与对策,2007(5).
[23]李世新.借鉴国外经验开展工程伦理教育[J].高等工程教育研究,2008(2)
[24]李世新.开展工程伦理学研究增强工程师责任意识[J].中国工程科学,2004(2)：88-93.
[25]李世新.谈谈工程伦理学[J].哲学研究,2003(2).
[26]李世新.正面建设是我国工程伦理学研究的当务之急[J].武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011(6).
[27]李祖超,魏海勇.中美工程伦理教育比较与启示[J].高等工程教育研究,2008(1).
[28]李伯聪.工程与伦理的互渗与对话——再谈关于工程伦理学的若干问题[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006(4).
[29]李伯聪.关于工程伦理学的对象和范围的几个问题——三谈关于工程伦理学的若干问题[J].伦理学研究,2006(6).
[30]李伯聪.微观、中观和宏观工程伦理问题——五谈工程伦理学[J].伦理学研究,2010(4).
[31]李伯聪.工程的三个“层次”：微观、中观和宏观[J].自然辩证法通讯,2011(3).
[32]刘建军.高职院校工程伦理教育初探——以建筑类专业为例[J].高等工程教育研究,2010(3).
[33]刘平斋.一部拓荒之作—评《工程伦理学》[J].天府新论,2000(5).
[34]刘绍春.工程伦理教育与理工科大学生道德素质的培养[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004(2).
[35]龙翔,盛国荣.工程伦理教育的三大核心目标[J].高等工程教育研究,2011(4).
[36]宁先圣,胡岩.工程伦理准则与工程师的伦理责任[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2007(5).
[37]迈克.w.马丁.美国的工程伦理学[J].自然辩证法通讯,2007(3).
[38]马成松.对工程教育中工程伦理问题的思考[J].高等建筑教育,2003(3).
[39]潘磊,王伟勤.展望中国工程伦理的未来——2007年工程伦理学学术会议综述[J].哲学动态,2007(8).
[40]潘磊.工程伦理章程的性质与作用[J].自然辩证法研究,2007(7).
[41]齐艳霞,刘则渊,赵玉鹏,侯剑华.信息可视化视野下的工程伦理前沿研究[J].伦理学研究,2008(5).
[42]乔佩科.工程师的责任与工程伦理教育[J].中国科技信息,2008(19).
[43]秦红岭.职业伦理视野中的建筑工程伦理[J].高等建筑教育,2006(2).
[44]饶世权,铁怀江.教师职业形象三论[J].福建论坛(社科教育版),2007(10).
[]苏俊斌,曹南燕.中国注册工程师制度和工程社团章程的伦理意识考察[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2007(4).
[45]苏志宏,郝丹立.平民教育与中国现代民族国家：论晏阳初的平民教育思想[J].四川大学学报,2008(6).
[46]孙和平,丛杭青.信息哲学视域下的工程伦理媒介基础转换[J].自然辩证法研究,2007(1).
[47]唐丽,陈凡.工程伦理决策策略分析[J].中国科技论坛,2006(6).
[48]唐忠旺,何桂华.工程伦理教育和科学家、工程师的伦理责任[J].邵阳学院学报,2006(4).
[49]唐丽,陈凡.美国工程伦理学：一种社会学分析[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2007(1).
[50]唐丽,田鹏颖.日本工程伦理思想探略[J].辽东学院学报(社会科学版),2007(1).
[51]铁怀江,肖平.基于青藏铁路建设沿线文化资源和生态环境保护的工程伦理学启示[J].西藏大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2).
[52]铁怀江,肖平.工程职业自治与工程伦理文化建设[J].道德与文明,2013(2).
[53]王冬梅,王柏峰.美国工程伦理教育探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2007(2).
[54]王永伟,徐飞.当代中国工程伦理研究的态势分析——以CSSCI和CNKI数据库中的工程伦理研究期刊论文样本为例[J].自然辩证法研究,2012(5).
[55]王进.论工科学生的工程伦理教育[J].长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版),2006(2).
[56]王进.融渗式工程伦理教学中“知情意行”的统一[J].现代大学教育,2011(4).
[57]王伟勤,任姣婕.中国工程伦理事业的新起点——07工程伦理学学术会议综述[J].伦理学研究,2007(4).
[58]乌兰.设计师的工程伦理责任[J].艺术与设计(理论),2010(11)：21-23.
[59]肖平,何德文.利益受损方视角下的工程责任问题[J].工程研究-跨学科视野中的工程,2010(1).
[60]肖平,铁怀江.截取生活片段刺激道德判断——一个大学德育课堂游戏教学的案例分析[J].阴山学刊,2008(3).
[61]肖平,铁怀江.论现场工程师的伦理视野——以电动自行车的设计与管理为例[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2011(3).
[62]肖平,铁怀江.工程职业自治与工程伦理规范本土化思考[J].西南民族大学学报,2013(9).
[63]肖平,张国仲.加强高校职业道德教育迫在眉睫——高校职业道德教育状况调查[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2004(6).
[64]肖平,朱孝红.职业道德现状与职业道德教育的边缘化[J].高等工程教育研究,2004(5)：40-43.
[65]肖平.工程目标与手段选择的道德关系[J].西南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(7).
[66]肖平.工程中的利益冲突与道德选择[J].道德与文明,2000(4)：26-29.
[67]肖平.论科技工作者的道德约束[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2000(3).
[68]肖平.挑战“上帝”带来的道德思索——生物工程引发的道德价值追问[J].西南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(7).
[69]肖平.以科学发展观为指导拉动内需——应对经济危机的价值思考[J].阴山学刊,2009(1).
[70]肖平.试论工程目标的道德审视[J].天府新论,2000(3).
[71]许凯,杨进军,肖平.试论工程移民的利益保护[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2007(4).
[72]徐少锦.建筑工程伦理初探[J].科学技术与辩证法,2002(1).
[73]余谋昌.关于工程伦理的几个问题[J].武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版),2002(1).
[74]袁贵仁.价值观：从理论研究到教育实践[J].哲学研究,2005(12).
[75]朱葆伟.工程活动的伦理问题[J].哲学动态,2006(9).
[76]朱海林,杨迎潮.工程伦理视阈下的技术及责任[J].昆明理工大学学报(社会科学版),2011(1).
[77]张恒力,胡新和.当代西方工程伦理研究的态势与特征[J].哲学动态,2009(3).
[78]张恒力,钱伟量.美国工程伦理教育的焦点问题与当代转向[J].高等工程教育研究,2010(2).
[79]张恒力.“利益、风险与工程伦理”——第二届全国科学技术与工程伦理学术研讨会综述[J].自然辩证法通讯,2009(5).
[80]张恒力.工程伦理规范的标准与方法——以巴伦西亚工业工程师协会伦理规范为例[J].自然辩证法通讯,2010(2).
[81]张松.国内工程伦理研究综述[J].湖南工程学院学报(社会科学版),2005(4).
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六、中文论文集
[1]李伯聪.宏观经济视野中的创新扩散：突破壁垒和躲避陷进[A].见：杜澄,李伯冲.工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程(第4卷)[C].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2009.
[2]李世新.试论工程师职业共同体[A].见：杜澄,李伯冲.工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程(第4卷)[C].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2009.
[3]肖峰.从工程大国到工程强国：我们缺少的是什么?[A].见：杜澄,李伯聪.工程研究—跨学料视野中的工程[C].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2005.
[4]殷瑞玉.“知识就是力量”的新解读[A].见：杜澄,李伯冲.工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程(第4卷)[C].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2009.
[5]张志会.米切姆的工程哲学思想初探[A].见：杜澄,李伯冲.工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程(第4卷)[C].北京：北京理工大学出版社.
七、中文电子文献
[1]“管理有道——专业工程师实务指引”(摘引)[EB/OL].[1998-12-30].http://www.hkie.org.hk/docs/downloads/membership/forrms/Ethics_in_Practice Chinese.pdf.
[2]国家人权行动计划(2009--2010年)[EB/OL]. http://news.163.com/09/0413/10/
八、中文报纸文章
[1]陈志尚,任青.深刻认识以人为本的科学内涵[N].人民日报,2006-08-07.
[2]丁冬阳.以三门峡水库为镜鉴[N].南方周末,2003-11-13.
[3]国务院对7·23甬温线特别重大铁路交通事故作出处理、54名责任人受到严肃追究[N].科技日报,201112-29.
[4]计红梅.中国急需培养更多创新型工程科技人才[N].科学时报,2009-12-27.
[5]裘立华,舒继华.“优良工程”开裂为何无人被问责[N].中国青年报,2010-07-20.
[6]汲东野等.我国5年共垮塌37座桥梁,仅有3起被行政问责[N].法制日报,2012-09-13.
[7]殷瑞钰.哲学视野中的工程[N].光明日报,2007-12-01.
[8]张蕾.怎样培养创新型工程科技人才—访中国工程院常务副院长潘云鹤院士[N].光明日报,1998-12-02.
[9]中国汽车自主创新重庆宣言[N].科技日报,2011-04-15.
九、常用网站
[1]http://www.zzg.gov.cn/publish/portal10/
[2]http://ethics.iit.edu/indexl.php/Programs/Codes%20of%20Ethicsengineer.html
[3]http://www.nspe.org/index.html
[4]http://www. abet.org/
[5]http://ethics.tamu.edu/
[6]http://wadsworth.com/philosophy_d/templates/student_resources/0534605796_harri s/cases/Cases.htm
[7]http://ethics.iit.edu/resources/onlineresources.html
[8]http://www.cwru.edu/
[9]http://www.murdough.ttu.edu/WorkshopsandSeminars.htm#ObjectivesOutcomes
[10]http://www.niee.org/docs/97November.pdf)
[11]http://www.me.ttu.edu/files/engr1315/kobza/ethics_slides.pdf)
十、外文文献
[l]Baum, R. J., ed. Ethical Problems in Engineering(Second Edition) [M]. New York:Rensellaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, 1980.
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