基于古籍医案数据分析的痿病证治规律研究
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摘要
目的：
一,通过对古代医著中痿病医案的搜集与整理,利用统计学分析方法对古人治疗痿病的治验理论进行客观化研究,发掘医案中隐藏的有价值信息,探索痿病的证治规律,以期为临床实践提供新思路。二,结合本次研究过程中遇到的具体问题对统计学分析医案这一研究方法的利与弊进行一次前所未有的总结与思索,同时结合本病研究过程中认识到的统计学分析研究医案的利弊进行总结,以期对统计学研究医案研的方法讨论进行补充,使统计学更好的服务于医案研究
方法：
应用文献学的方法,搜集整理古代痿病文献,将古代医家关于痿病的重要认识进行总结。同时提取古代痿病医案,并予标准化数据化处理,建立古代痿病医案的一般情况、症状、药物、治法病机、病位的数据库,利用SAS9.1统计软件对各数据库分别运用频数、因子、聚类、关联规则的数理统计挖掘分析。最终对数据结果进行分析讨论,探索痿病的病证规律、病机规律、用药规律、以及治法规律。
结果：
1频数分析结果：金元明症状库中共记录了110项症状,高频症状集中在前37项,累积频率达到74.65%。药物记录了155味高频用药集中在前36项,累积频率达到77.53%。病机22种,高频病机集中在前13项,累积频率达到91.92%。治法记录了26种,高频治法集中在前15项,累积频率达到93.94%。清代症状库中共记录了112项症状,高频症状集中在前45项,累积频率达到85.84%。药物记录了248味,高频用药集中在前66项,累积频率达到75.66%。病机24种,高频病机集中在前12项,累积频率达到84.63%。治法记录了27种,高频治法集中在前15项,累积频率达到89.62%。
2因子分析结果：金元明高频症状中密切相关症状组合有9组高频药物中密切相关的药物组合有7组、高频治法中密切相关的治法组合有3组、高频病机中密切相关的病机组合有3组；清代高频症状中密切相关症状组合有4组、高频药物中密切相关的药物组合有9组、高频治法中密切相关的治法组合有1组、高频病机中密切相关的病机组合有3组,每一组合皆对应着一类复合病机证型。
3聚类分析结果：金元明高频症状可聚为10类、高频药物可聚为9类、高频治法可聚为4类、高频病机可聚为4类；清代高频症状可聚为7类、高频药物可聚为6类、高频治法可聚为4类、高频病机可聚为4类,每一类对应着一类复合证型与治法。
4关联分析结果：金元明高频症状中得到常见症状组合有6对,涉及症状8种。高频药物中得到治痿药对44种,涉及药物16种。高频治法中得到常用组合38种,涉及治法11种。高频病机中得到常见病机组合8种,涉及病机8种。清代高频症状中得到常见症状组合有4对,涉及症状5种。高频药物中得到治痿药对23种,涉及药物15种。高频治法中得到常用组合21种,涉及治法8种。高频病机中得到常见病机组合3种,涉及病机元素3种。
结论：
1古代痿病医案症状分布具有主症集中,兼症分散的特点。临床根据兼症进行证型判断和确定治疗用药。
2统计分析研究表明：痿病以虚证为主,常为虚实并见,但单发实证者亦可见之。虚证病机包括气、血、阴、阳、精亏虚。实证病机包括痰湿、湿热、内热、血瘀、食积。脾气虚证、湿邪困脾证、阴虚证、阳虚证、精血亏虚证、气血亏虚证、血虚证、阴虚内热证、气虚内热证是常见病机证型。湿热证、痰湿证、血瘀证、食积证、脏腑实热证是常见的实证病机证型。外感六淫肺热壅盛的病机亦有所体现,但不如其它病机明显。
3痿病与脾、肾、肝、肺、心五脏发病有关,其中脾肾、肝肾、肝脾常同时并病。在痿病的发生发展与转变过程中脾脏为中心脏腑,医家在治疗中尤为注重顾护脾胃,体现了治未病思想在本病治疗中的重要意义。肾为痿病发生的重要脏腑,肾阴虚、肾阳虚皆可导致本病发生,易为他脏病变累及共同发病。
4古代痿病医案中使用高频药物集中于益气、补阳、强筋骨、升宣、理气、温中、通络、滋阴、补血、清热、祛湿类药。统计分析得到的成形方剂有六味丸加减、虎潜丸加减、补中益气汤加减、二陈汤、二妙散、归脾汤、逍遥散、四物汤、芍药甘草汤。
5金元明时期医案因子、聚类、关联分析反映出的用药规律有26种,治法规律22项,病机证型7大类,病机规律5条。方法学启示8条。清代医案的药物因子、聚类、关联分析反映出的用药规律有50种,治法规律10项,病机证型6大类,病机规律7条。方法学启示同前。
6古代痿病医案治法分析较症状和药物分析反映出了更多病机,说明治法研究能够补充以上分析的不足。在治法的配合中能更清晰的看到药物组合制方情况。
7古代痿病医案中病机分析可以更直接的反映疾病情况,与症状、药物和治法中反映出的病机进行校补,保证研究的客观性真实性
8通过对医案中治法、病机尝试性引入统计学分析方法,表明统计学分析医案规律研究可以将治法、病机一并纳入研究整体,二者有益于补充和校验病症、药物研究结果,并且有可能对日后建立统计学分析医案研究结果评判体系有益。
Objective:
According to collecting and organizing the medical records of flaccidity syndrome and with the method of statistical analysis, the paper will explore the regularity of diagnosis and treatment on flaccidity syndrome.Carry on objectifying research on effective treatment theory and thoughts of ancient medical records,and then dig the hidden n s t ruction to direct the clinical application. Meanwhile,the paper sum up the advantages and disadvantages of statistical analysis among the course,in order to add the method of statistical analysis on medical records,and for better service of statistics for medical records research.
Methods:
Firstly, apply the method of philology, collect and gather the ancient medical records.And sum up the ancient doctors'important realization.
Secondly, extract the ancient doctors' medical records, put it into standardization of data processing, and then set up the database of ancient medical records of flaccidity syndrome on general conditions pathogenesis, disease ocation, symptoms, medications, and treatment.Adopt the statistical software of SAS9.1to carry on mathemat icalstat istics and data digging by frequency, factor, clustering analysis, and association rules.
Finally, discuss and analyze the database, and explore the the rule of symptom and occurrence, medication, therapeutic methods, athogenesis of flaccidity syndrome.
Result:
1,Frequency analysis shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, there are110kinds of symptoms in the symptoms database, included37kinds nigh frequency symptoms, which cumulative frequency reached74.65%;155species drugs in the Chinese herbs database, included36kinds high frequency drugs,which cumulative frequency reached77.53%;22kinds of pathogenesis in the pathogenesis database, included13kinds high frequency pathogenesis,which cumulative frequency reached91.92%;26kinds of therapeutic methods in the therapeutic database, included15kinds high frequency therapeutic methods,which cumulative frequency reached93.94%. In the Qing dynasty, there are112kinds of symptoms in the symptoms database, included45kinds high frequency symptoms,which cumulative frequency reached85.84%;248species drugs in the Chinese herbs database, included66kinds high frequency drugs,which cumulative frequency reached75.66%;24kinds of pathogenesis in the pathogenesis database, included12kinds high frequency pathogenesis,which cumulative frequency reached84.63%;27kinds of therapeutic methods in the. therapeutic database, included15kinds high frequency therapeutic methods,which cumulative frequency reached89.62%.
2, factor analysis shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, high frequency symptoms was recombining9closely related combinations; high frequency drugs was recombining7closely related combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was recombining3closely related combinations;Pathogenesis was recombining3closely related combinations;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome typesand therapeutic methods. In the Qing dynasty, high symptoms was recombining4closely related combinations; high frequency drugs was recombining9closely related combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was recombiningl closely related combinations;Pathogenesis was recombining3closely related combinations;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome typesand therapeutic methods.
3, Cluster analysis shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, high frequency symptoms was classed into10combinations; high frequency drugs was classed into9combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was classed into4combinations; Pathogenesis was classed nto4combinat ions;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome typesand therapeutic methods. In the Qing dynasty, high frequency symptoms was classed into7combinations; high frequency drugs was classed into6combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was classed into4combinations;Pathogenesis was classed into4combinations;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome types and therapeutic methods.
4, association rules shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, there are8combinations of symptoms correlation,44combinations of drugs correlation,38combinations of therapeutic methods correlation and8combinations of pathogenesis correlation. In the Qing dynasty, there are4combinations of symptoms cor relation,23combinations of drugs correlation,21combinations of therapeutic methods correlation and3combinations of pathogenesis correlation.
Conclusion:
1,The ancient medical records of flaccidity syndrome shows that main symptoms distributions is concentrate, accompanied symptoms is dispersed. Doctors according to accompanied symptoms determined therapeutic medication.
2, Statistical analyses shows that mostly flaccidity syndrome belongs deficiency syndromes, and often appears with excess syndromes. Sometimes belongs excessive syndromes only.Deficiency syndrome pathogenesis includes Qi, Blood, Yin, Yang and Essential factors. Excessive syndromes pathogenesis include damp-heat, phlegm-damp blood stasis, indigestion, and excess heat. In its pathogenesis, both deficiency syndromes and excess syndromes appear at the same time frequently.Also lungs excess heat caused by six exogenous pathogenic factors can be seen though not so obviously in data results. The research conclusion should be treating objectively, neither affirmation nor negation at once; more clinical practice needs be done to verification.
3, Flaccidity syndrome disease locations are related to spleen, lung, liver, kidney, and heart. Among which spleen-kidney, liver-kidney and liver-spleen often associated disease.Spleen is the hub viscera in the disease progress, which doctors always pay much attention to it. Kidney is the significant for its relationship with other viscera, which can be seen in many cases.
4, In the ancient medical records of flaccidity syndrome, high frequency drugs efficacy include supplementing Qi, invigorating Yang, strengthen muscles and bones, dispersing, regulating Qi,invigorvating spleen, dredging collaterals, nourishing yin, enriching blood, heat extraction, eliminating dampness. Some of the prescriptions which statistical analysis shows was named by ancient doctors, there are liuweidihuang prescription", huqian prescription","buzhongyiqi prescription","erchen prescription","ermiao prescription","guipi prescription","xiaoyao prescription","siwu prescription" and "shaoyaogancao prescription".
5,In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, statistical analysis shows medication rule26kinds, therapeutic methods rule22kinds, pathogenesis and syndrome type7kinds, pathogenesis rule5kinds, and methodology enlightenment7kinds. In the Qing dynasty, statistical analysis shows medication rule50kinds, therapeutic methods rule10kinds, pathogenesis and syndrome type6kinds, pathogenesis rule7kinds, and methodology enlightenment as Jing Yuan and Ming dynasty study result.
6, Therapeutic methods statistical analysis shows more flaccidity syndrome pathogenesis than symptoms and drugs, it means therapeutic methods study is essential, which can be clearing drugs combining methods.
7, Pathogenesis statistical analysis shows flaccidity syndrome pathogenesis directly, resure other study conclusion about pathogenesis and correction at the same time.
8, Therapeutic methods and Pathogenesis be attempt statistical analysis successfully show that these aspects statistical analysis should be introducing in ancient medical records studied, it is good to correction and supplement study conclusion especially contribute to establish its conclusion evaluation system in the future.
一,通过对古代医著中痿病医案的搜集与整理,利用统计学分析方法对古人治疗痿病的治验理论进行客观化研究,发掘医案中隐藏的有价值信息,探索痿病的证治规律,以期为临床实践提供新思路。二,结合本次研究过程中遇到的具体问题对统计学分析医案这一研究方法的利与弊进行一次前所未有的总结与思索,同时结合本病研究过程中认识到的统计学分析研究医案的利弊进行总结,以期对统计学研究医案研的方法讨论进行补充,使统计学更好的服务于医案研究
方法：
应用文献学的方法,搜集整理古代痿病文献,将古代医家关于痿病的重要认识进行总结。同时提取古代痿病医案,并予标准化数据化处理,建立古代痿病医案的一般情况、症状、药物、治法病机、病位的数据库,利用SAS9.1统计软件对各数据库分别运用频数、因子、聚类、关联规则的数理统计挖掘分析。最终对数据结果进行分析讨论,探索痿病的病证规律、病机规律、用药规律、以及治法规律。
结果：
1频数分析结果：金元明症状库中共记录了110项症状,高频症状集中在前37项,累积频率达到74.65%。药物记录了155味高频用药集中在前36项,累积频率达到77.53%。病机22种,高频病机集中在前13项,累积频率达到91.92%。治法记录了26种,高频治法集中在前15项,累积频率达到93.94%。清代症状库中共记录了112项症状,高频症状集中在前45项,累积频率达到85.84%。药物记录了248味,高频用药集中在前66项,累积频率达到75.66%。病机24种,高频病机集中在前12项,累积频率达到84.63%。治法记录了27种,高频治法集中在前15项,累积频率达到89.62%。
2因子分析结果：金元明高频症状中密切相关症状组合有9组高频药物中密切相关的药物组合有7组、高频治法中密切相关的治法组合有3组、高频病机中密切相关的病机组合有3组；清代高频症状中密切相关症状组合有4组、高频药物中密切相关的药物组合有9组、高频治法中密切相关的治法组合有1组、高频病机中密切相关的病机组合有3组,每一组合皆对应着一类复合病机证型。
3聚类分析结果：金元明高频症状可聚为10类、高频药物可聚为9类、高频治法可聚为4类、高频病机可聚为4类；清代高频症状可聚为7类、高频药物可聚为6类、高频治法可聚为4类、高频病机可聚为4类,每一类对应着一类复合证型与治法。
4关联分析结果：金元明高频症状中得到常见症状组合有6对,涉及症状8种。高频药物中得到治痿药对44种,涉及药物16种。高频治法中得到常用组合38种,涉及治法11种。高频病机中得到常见病机组合8种,涉及病机8种。清代高频症状中得到常见症状组合有4对,涉及症状5种。高频药物中得到治痿药对23种,涉及药物15种。高频治法中得到常用组合21种,涉及治法8种。高频病机中得到常见病机组合3种,涉及病机元素3种。
结论：
1古代痿病医案症状分布具有主症集中,兼症分散的特点。临床根据兼症进行证型判断和确定治疗用药。
2统计分析研究表明：痿病以虚证为主,常为虚实并见,但单发实证者亦可见之。虚证病机包括气、血、阴、阳、精亏虚。实证病机包括痰湿、湿热、内热、血瘀、食积。脾气虚证、湿邪困脾证、阴虚证、阳虚证、精血亏虚证、气血亏虚证、血虚证、阴虚内热证、气虚内热证是常见病机证型。湿热证、痰湿证、血瘀证、食积证、脏腑实热证是常见的实证病机证型。外感六淫肺热壅盛的病机亦有所体现,但不如其它病机明显。
3痿病与脾、肾、肝、肺、心五脏发病有关,其中脾肾、肝肾、肝脾常同时并病。在痿病的发生发展与转变过程中脾脏为中心脏腑,医家在治疗中尤为注重顾护脾胃,体现了治未病思想在本病治疗中的重要意义。肾为痿病发生的重要脏腑,肾阴虚、肾阳虚皆可导致本病发生,易为他脏病变累及共同发病。
4古代痿病医案中使用高频药物集中于益气、补阳、强筋骨、升宣、理气、温中、通络、滋阴、补血、清热、祛湿类药。统计分析得到的成形方剂有六味丸加减、虎潜丸加减、补中益气汤加减、二陈汤、二妙散、归脾汤、逍遥散、四物汤、芍药甘草汤。
5金元明时期医案因子、聚类、关联分析反映出的用药规律有26种,治法规律22项,病机证型7大类,病机规律5条。方法学启示8条。清代医案的药物因子、聚类、关联分析反映出的用药规律有50种,治法规律10项,病机证型6大类,病机规律7条。方法学启示同前。
6古代痿病医案治法分析较症状和药物分析反映出了更多病机,说明治法研究能够补充以上分析的不足。在治法的配合中能更清晰的看到药物组合制方情况。
7古代痿病医案中病机分析可以更直接的反映疾病情况,与症状、药物和治法中反映出的病机进行校补,保证研究的客观性真实性
8通过对医案中治法、病机尝试性引入统计学分析方法,表明统计学分析医案规律研究可以将治法、病机一并纳入研究整体,二者有益于补充和校验病症、药物研究结果,并且有可能对日后建立统计学分析医案研究结果评判体系有益。
Objective:
According to collecting and organizing the medical records of flaccidity syndrome and with the method of statistical analysis, the paper will explore the regularity of diagnosis and treatment on flaccidity syndrome.Carry on objectifying research on effective treatment theory and thoughts of ancient medical records,and then dig the hidden n s t ruction to direct the clinical application. Meanwhile,the paper sum up the advantages and disadvantages of statistical analysis among the course,in order to add the method of statistical analysis on medical records,and for better service of statistics for medical records research.
Methods:
Firstly, apply the method of philology, collect and gather the ancient medical records.And sum up the ancient doctors'important realization.
Secondly, extract the ancient doctors' medical records, put it into standardization of data processing, and then set up the database of ancient medical records of flaccidity syndrome on general conditions pathogenesis, disease ocation, symptoms, medications, and treatment.Adopt the statistical software of SAS9.1to carry on mathemat icalstat istics and data digging by frequency, factor, clustering analysis, and association rules.
Finally, discuss and analyze the database, and explore the the rule of symptom and occurrence, medication, therapeutic methods, athogenesis of flaccidity syndrome.
Result:
1,Frequency analysis shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, there are110kinds of symptoms in the symptoms database, included37kinds nigh frequency symptoms, which cumulative frequency reached74.65%;155species drugs in the Chinese herbs database, included36kinds high frequency drugs,which cumulative frequency reached77.53%;22kinds of pathogenesis in the pathogenesis database, included13kinds high frequency pathogenesis,which cumulative frequency reached91.92%;26kinds of therapeutic methods in the therapeutic database, included15kinds high frequency therapeutic methods,which cumulative frequency reached93.94%. In the Qing dynasty, there are112kinds of symptoms in the symptoms database, included45kinds high frequency symptoms,which cumulative frequency reached85.84%;248species drugs in the Chinese herbs database, included66kinds high frequency drugs,which cumulative frequency reached75.66%;24kinds of pathogenesis in the pathogenesis database, included12kinds high frequency pathogenesis,which cumulative frequency reached84.63%;27kinds of therapeutic methods in the. therapeutic database, included15kinds high frequency therapeutic methods,which cumulative frequency reached89.62%.
2, factor analysis shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, high frequency symptoms was recombining9closely related combinations; high frequency drugs was recombining7closely related combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was recombining3closely related combinations;Pathogenesis was recombining3closely related combinations;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome typesand therapeutic methods. In the Qing dynasty, high symptoms was recombining4closely related combinations; high frequency drugs was recombining9closely related combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was recombiningl closely related combinations;Pathogenesis was recombining3closely related combinations;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome typesand therapeutic methods.
3, Cluster analysis shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, high frequency symptoms was classed into10combinations; high frequency drugs was classed into9combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was classed into4combinations; Pathogenesis was classed nto4combinat ions;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome typesand therapeutic methods. In the Qing dynasty, high frequency symptoms was classed into7combinations; high frequency drugs was classed into6combinations; high frequency therapeutic methods was classed into4combinations;Pathogenesis was classed into4combinations;Each combination corresponding to one complexed syndrome types and therapeutic methods.
4, association rules shows that:In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, there are8combinations of symptoms correlation,44combinations of drugs correlation,38combinations of therapeutic methods correlation and8combinations of pathogenesis correlation. In the Qing dynasty, there are4combinations of symptoms cor relation,23combinations of drugs correlation,21combinations of therapeutic methods correlation and3combinations of pathogenesis correlation.
Conclusion:
1,The ancient medical records of flaccidity syndrome shows that main symptoms distributions is concentrate, accompanied symptoms is dispersed. Doctors according to accompanied symptoms determined therapeutic medication.
2, Statistical analyses shows that mostly flaccidity syndrome belongs deficiency syndromes, and often appears with excess syndromes. Sometimes belongs excessive syndromes only.Deficiency syndrome pathogenesis includes Qi, Blood, Yin, Yang and Essential factors. Excessive syndromes pathogenesis include damp-heat, phlegm-damp blood stasis, indigestion, and excess heat. In its pathogenesis, both deficiency syndromes and excess syndromes appear at the same time frequently.Also lungs excess heat caused by six exogenous pathogenic factors can be seen though not so obviously in data results. The research conclusion should be treating objectively, neither affirmation nor negation at once; more clinical practice needs be done to verification.
3, Flaccidity syndrome disease locations are related to spleen, lung, liver, kidney, and heart. Among which spleen-kidney, liver-kidney and liver-spleen often associated disease.Spleen is the hub viscera in the disease progress, which doctors always pay much attention to it. Kidney is the significant for its relationship with other viscera, which can be seen in many cases.
4, In the ancient medical records of flaccidity syndrome, high frequency drugs efficacy include supplementing Qi, invigorating Yang, strengthen muscles and bones, dispersing, regulating Qi,invigorvating spleen, dredging collaterals, nourishing yin, enriching blood, heat extraction, eliminating dampness. Some of the prescriptions which statistical analysis shows was named by ancient doctors, there are liuweidihuang prescription", huqian prescription","buzhongyiqi prescription","erchen prescription","ermiao prescription","guipi prescription","xiaoyao prescription","siwu prescription" and "shaoyaogancao prescription".
5,In the Jing, Yuan and Ming dynasty, statistical analysis shows medication rule26kinds, therapeutic methods rule22kinds, pathogenesis and syndrome type7kinds, pathogenesis rule5kinds, and methodology enlightenment7kinds. In the Qing dynasty, statistical analysis shows medication rule50kinds, therapeutic methods rule10kinds, pathogenesis and syndrome type6kinds, pathogenesis rule7kinds, and methodology enlightenment as Jing Yuan and Ming dynasty study result.
6, Therapeutic methods statistical analysis shows more flaccidity syndrome pathogenesis than symptoms and drugs, it means therapeutic methods study is essential, which can be clearing drugs combining methods.
7, Pathogenesis statistical analysis shows flaccidity syndrome pathogenesis directly, resure other study conclusion about pathogenesis and correction at the same time.
8, Therapeutic methods and Pathogenesis be attempt statistical analysis successfully show that these aspects statistical analysis should be introducing in ancient medical records studied, it is good to correction and supplement study conclusion especially contribute to establish its conclusion evaluation system in the future.
引文
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[11]王绍隆.医灯续焰.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[12]张仲景.伤寒论.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
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[22]朱丹溪.丹溪心法.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
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[28]蒋示吉.医宗说约.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
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[32]张介宾.景岳全书.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[33]陈无择.三因极一病证方论.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[34]叶天士.临证指南医案.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[35]林佩琴.类证治裁.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[36]王肯堂.证冶准绳.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[37]秦景明.症因脉治明.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[38]张锡纯.医学衷中参西录.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[39]刘完素.素问玄机原病式.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[40]陈歧.医学传灯.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[41]朱丹溪.局方发挥.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[42]皇甫中.明医指掌.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[43]方隅.医林绳墨.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[44]张介宾.质疑录.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[45]陈士铎.辨证录.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[46]吴昆.素问吴注.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[47]张京.王求华治疗重症肌无力经验[J].中医杂志,2002,43(9)：653
[48]高斌.王宝亮教授诊治重症肌无力辨证遣药经验[J].中医研究,2012,25(11)：56-58
[49]于振宣,黄冲强,季晓莉.尚尔寿治疗疹证经验[J].中医杂志1995,36(9)：522-524
[50]代铁良,徐衍华.况时祥教授治疗痿证的经验[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2012,34(2)：8-9
[2]方孝岳.广韵.[M].中华书局出版社.2012年2月.78
[3]刘洋.痿躄病名探赜.[J].中医药学报,2014,42(1)：120
[4]黄帝内经.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[5]李杲.脾胃论.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[6]许慎.说文解字.[M].九州出版社.2009,9：211
[7]李用粹.证治汇补.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[8]叶天士.医论医话·叶选医衡.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[9]纪昀.四库全书·经部·集韵卷六.上海古籍出版社1987.P236-613下
[10]秦越人.难经.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[11]王绍隆.医灯续焰.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[12]张仲景.伤寒论.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[13]扬上善.黄帝内经太素.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[14]巢元方.诸病源候论.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[15]赵信.太平惠民和剂局方.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[16]赵佶.圣济总录.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[17]王怀隐.太平圣惠方.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[18]王荟清.肌萎缩侧索硬化相关痿证的古今中医文献整理及分析[D].2012年5月：16
[19]刘惠杰.《黄帝内经》痿病研究.[D]2008年5月：16-37
[20]窦材.扁鹊心书.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[21]朱丹溪.脉因证治.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[22]朱丹溪.丹溪心法.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[23]张子和在.儒门事亲.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[24]龚廷贤.寿世保元.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[25]吴崑.医方考.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[26]周之斡.周慎斋遗书.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[27]李橚.医学入门.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[28]蒋示吉.医宗说约.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[29]吴谦.医宗金鉴.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[30]李济仁.痿病通论[M],北京：人民卫生出版社,1995：61.
[31]王绍隆.医灯续焰.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[32]张介宾.景岳全书.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[33]陈无择.三因极一病证方论.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[34]叶天士.临证指南医案.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[35]林佩琴.类证治裁.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[36]王肯堂.证冶准绳.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[37]秦景明.症因脉治明.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[38]张锡纯.医学衷中参西录.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[39]刘完素.素问玄机原病式.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[40]陈歧.医学传灯.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[41]朱丹溪.局方发挥.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[42]皇甫中.明医指掌.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[43]方隅.医林绳墨.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年
[44]张介宾.质疑录.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[45]陈士铎.辨证录.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[46]吴昆.素问吴注.中华医典[CD].长沙：湖南电子音像出版社,2006年.
[47]张京.王求华治疗重症肌无力经验[J].中医杂志,2002,43(9)：653
[48]高斌.王宝亮教授诊治重症肌无力辨证遣药经验[J].中医研究,2012,25(11)：56-58
[49]于振宣,黄冲强,季晓莉.尚尔寿治疗疹证经验[J].中医杂志1995,36(9)：522-524
[50]代铁良,徐衍华.况时祥教授治疗痿证的经验[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2012,34(2)：8-9
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