多直流馈入系统特性及其评估方法研究
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摘要
直流输电技术在我国跨区域、远距离、大规模电力输送中发挥了重要作用，然而我国直流送、受端集中落点于华中和华东地区，网架结构复杂程度世界罕见，直流系统“送的出、落的下”的问题十分突出，交直流相互影响与多直流相互影响的问题交织在一起，给电网规划和运行带来了巨大的挑战，迫切需要更深入地掌握多直流馈入系统的特性，提出可用于多直流条件下交直流电网的评估方法。本文就多直流馈入系统面临的问题，有针对性的对电网规划和运行亟需突破几个典型问题开展研究，主要包括：
本文推导出直流系统多种控制模式对应的P(V)和Q(V)外特性解析关系，详细分析了各控制模式下直流系统外特性及随系统电压波动的变化趋势，建立了全电压过程外特性模型，该模型物理过程清晰、便于应用。
基于直流系统P(V)和Q(V)外特性模型，推导了交直流系统潮流雅克比矩阵对应元素的解析表达式，给出了结合直流系统外特性模型和传统模态分析法研究交直流系统静态电压稳定的流程，并针对多直流馈入系统，推导并提出了直流系统之间相互影响的精确计算方法，提出了评价交直流相互影响程度的指标，并给出了应用示例。
针对直流系统换相过程，论证了传统方法忽略的因素，详细论述了系统等值电抗、换流站交流滤波器和电容器等因素对直流换相过程的影响机理；并针对我国多直流馈入规划电网，分析了引发多回直流换相失败的故障边界。
分析了CIGRE多馈入直流短路比（MISCR）指标影响因素，根据得出的结果和规律，将其应用于对实际多直流馈入规划电网的分析；并针对实际电网规划中面临的直流落点选择问题，提出了一种基于MISCR的多直流落点选择方法，该方法能够方便、快速的对实际大电网任意落点方案进行初步筛选，为详细的方案比较提供了备选方案；在此基础上，考虑电网短路电流水平、交流网架结构对系统支撑能力影响等因素，结合多直流落点选择方法，提出一种适用于实际电网的受端电网直流受电规模计算方法，并对我国典型多直流馈入电网进行了计算分析，验证了方法的有效性。
DC transmission technology is already playing an important role incross-regional, long-distance and large-scale power transmission in china. However,in China, the grid’s complexity is rarely seen in other countries of the world.Especially, the ends of DC transmission are centrally located in China's central andeastern regions, which bring about such a serious problems that our DC transmissioncannot send out and not fall down. The interactions of AC/DC with multiple DC havebeen brought great challenges to power system planning and operation. Based on theabove issues, it’s very necessary to in depth understand the characteristics ofmulti-infeed DC system and put forward the evaluation method of AC and DC powergrid by taking into account the multiple DC system’s interaction. Therefore, in thispaper, in view of the above mentioned problems being faced by multi-indeed DCsystem, several typical problems on power system planning and operation arecorrespondingly investigated. The main and innovatory results are as follow:
It first derived the analysis of the relationship between P(V) and Q(V) externalcharacteristics corresponding to DC system’s multiple control modes. Then the DCsystem’s external characteristics of each control mode and change tendency with thesystem voltage fluctuation were analyzed in detail. Finally, an external characteristicsmodel of full voltage process was established. The model’s physical process is clearand easy to use.
Based on the P(V) and Q(V) external characteristics model on DC system, theanalytical expression of AC and DC system power flow Jacobin matrix of thecorresponding element was derived. And the research flow of static voltage stabilityof AC/DC system combined with the characteristics of DC system model and thetraditional modal analysis method was also put forward. Furthermore, for themulti-infeed DC system, both the method for calculating the interaction effectbetween the DC systems and the evaluation index of AC/DC Interaction wereproposed. In order to further illustrate the results, an application example was alsogiven.
For the DC system commutation process, the factors ignored by conventionalmethods were demonstrated, and the DC commutation process by consideration of the DC converter’s AC filter and capacitor was discussed in detail. Furthermore, In viewof the grid’s multi-infeed DC planning in China, the fault boundary resulting in DCcommutation failures was studied.
The influence of the CIGRE DC multi-infeed short circuit ratio (MISCR) indexwas analyzed, the result of which was applied to the actual multi-infeed DC powergrid planning. And for the problem of location selection in the actual DC power gridplanning, it was proposed a selection method of multi-infeed DC system based onMISCR. This method can provide the basis of selection for actual power grid ofarbitrary location schemes. On this basis, considering the factors of power systemshort-circuit current level and the influence of AC grid structure on the system supportability, a receiving-end grid DC power scale calculation method suitable for the actualgrid was put forward. According to the result, the multi-infeed DC power system wasanalyzed in this paper.
本文推导出直流系统多种控制模式对应的P(V)和Q(V)外特性解析关系，详细分析了各控制模式下直流系统外特性及随系统电压波动的变化趋势，建立了全电压过程外特性模型，该模型物理过程清晰、便于应用。
基于直流系统P(V)和Q(V)外特性模型，推导了交直流系统潮流雅克比矩阵对应元素的解析表达式，给出了结合直流系统外特性模型和传统模态分析法研究交直流系统静态电压稳定的流程，并针对多直流馈入系统，推导并提出了直流系统之间相互影响的精确计算方法，提出了评价交直流相互影响程度的指标，并给出了应用示例。
针对直流系统换相过程，论证了传统方法忽略的因素，详细论述了系统等值电抗、换流站交流滤波器和电容器等因素对直流换相过程的影响机理；并针对我国多直流馈入规划电网，分析了引发多回直流换相失败的故障边界。
分析了CIGRE多馈入直流短路比（MISCR）指标影响因素，根据得出的结果和规律，将其应用于对实际多直流馈入规划电网的分析；并针对实际电网规划中面临的直流落点选择问题，提出了一种基于MISCR的多直流落点选择方法，该方法能够方便、快速的对实际大电网任意落点方案进行初步筛选，为详细的方案比较提供了备选方案；在此基础上，考虑电网短路电流水平、交流网架结构对系统支撑能力影响等因素，结合多直流落点选择方法，提出一种适用于实际电网的受端电网直流受电规模计算方法，并对我国典型多直流馈入电网进行了计算分析，验证了方法的有效性。
DC transmission technology is already playing an important role incross-regional, long-distance and large-scale power transmission in china. However,in China, the grid’s complexity is rarely seen in other countries of the world.Especially, the ends of DC transmission are centrally located in China's central andeastern regions, which bring about such a serious problems that our DC transmissioncannot send out and not fall down. The interactions of AC/DC with multiple DC havebeen brought great challenges to power system planning and operation. Based on theabove issues, it’s very necessary to in depth understand the characteristics ofmulti-infeed DC system and put forward the evaluation method of AC and DC powergrid by taking into account the multiple DC system’s interaction. Therefore, in thispaper, in view of the above mentioned problems being faced by multi-indeed DCsystem, several typical problems on power system planning and operation arecorrespondingly investigated. The main and innovatory results are as follow:
It first derived the analysis of the relationship between P(V) and Q(V) externalcharacteristics corresponding to DC system’s multiple control modes. Then the DCsystem’s external characteristics of each control mode and change tendency with thesystem voltage fluctuation were analyzed in detail. Finally, an external characteristicsmodel of full voltage process was established. The model’s physical process is clearand easy to use.
Based on the P(V) and Q(V) external characteristics model on DC system, theanalytical expression of AC and DC system power flow Jacobin matrix of thecorresponding element was derived. And the research flow of static voltage stabilityof AC/DC system combined with the characteristics of DC system model and thetraditional modal analysis method was also put forward. Furthermore, for themulti-infeed DC system, both the method for calculating the interaction effectbetween the DC systems and the evaluation index of AC/DC Interaction wereproposed. In order to further illustrate the results, an application example was alsogiven.
For the DC system commutation process, the factors ignored by conventionalmethods were demonstrated, and the DC commutation process by consideration of the DC converter’s AC filter and capacitor was discussed in detail. Furthermore, In viewof the grid’s multi-infeed DC planning in China, the fault boundary resulting in DCcommutation failures was studied.
The influence of the CIGRE DC multi-infeed short circuit ratio (MISCR) indexwas analyzed, the result of which was applied to the actual multi-infeed DC powergrid planning. And for the problem of location selection in the actual DC power gridplanning, it was proposed a selection method of multi-infeed DC system based onMISCR. This method can provide the basis of selection for actual power grid ofarbitrary location schemes. On this basis, considering the factors of power systemshort-circuit current level and the influence of AC grid structure on the system supportability, a receiving-end grid DC power scale calculation method suitable for the actualgrid was put forward. According to the result, the multi-infeed DC power system wasanalyzed in this paper.
引文
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