放电引发非链式脉冲DF激光器主机结构研究
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摘要
随着光电对抗领域对高功率中红外波段(3-5μm)相干光源的需求，DF激光越来越受到重视。DF激光输出波段为3.5-4.2μm，中心波长为3.8μm，处于军事急需的中波红外波段。其运行方式分为链式和非链式两种，链式DF激光器输出功率虽高，但结构庞大、工作气体易爆炸、维护较难。非链式脉冲DF激光器则避免了连续波运行时易爆炸和腐蚀的缺点，且体积小、易操作，具有高的平均功率和峰值功率。
本文研制了一种新型的脉冲DF激光器主机，并利用研制的结果对激光器的输出性能进行了研究分析。脉冲DF激光器主要由真空系统、气体循环冷却系统、光学谐振腔系统、主机支架等组成。其中，风机、换热器、流道、分子筛等组成了气体循环冷却系统。通过改变管路的结构和布局，成功地将快轴流激光器用风机应用到了DF横流激光器上，并采用两台风机并联的方式，为气体的循环流动提供驱动力。光学谐振腔采用平-凹稳定腔，全反镜为球面镜，输出镜为平面镜。谐振腔具有多方位的调整结构来调整光轴的方向。分子筛的作用是吸附工作过程中产生的消激发物质，维持激光器的稳定输出。
为保证激光器的稳定工作，运用有限元方法对整体结构进行了静力学分析，并针对结构中出现的不足进行了优化改进。优化后，结构的最大变形量由2.34mm降至1.67mm，且整体的变形减小。最大应力由296MPa降至193MPa，减轻了应力集中现象，整个结构的强度和刚度均满足工作要求。为保证放电区均匀的气体放电，实现激光的稳定输出，运用计算流体动力学(CFD)原理对流场中气体的运动状态进行了数值模拟分析。分析的对象包括气体流动时流场中的压力损失，放电区的流速以及均匀性分布等，并根据其影响因素对流道结构进行了优化改进。优化后，采用皮托管测得的放电区气体的流速达到16.3m/s，流速分布纵向最大不均匀度为7.1%，横向最大不均匀度为4.3%，均符合激光稳定输出所需的工作要求。
利用脉冲DF激光器主机的研制结果进行单脉冲及重频放电试验，在工作气压为8.1KPa，气体比例为SF6：D2=8:1时，单脉冲激光输出能量达到3.6J，重复频率为50Hz时的平均功率达到150W。
With the request of high-power coherent light source in middle-infrared wavebands in the area of photoelectric confrontation, DF lasers have been paid more andmore attentions. DF lasers, which have an output wave bands ranging from3.5-4.2μmand the central wave length of3.8μm, locate in the middle-infrared wave bands thatare in an urgent need for military aspect. Generally, DF lasers can be divided into twoworking categories: chained and unchained. The chained DF lasers are with a largestructure, simple explosion of working gas and difficult maintenance, though a highpower output. However, unchained pulsed DF lasers, available to avoid thedisadvantages of explosion and decay during continuous wave operations, have asmall volume and are manipulated simply, with high average power and peak power.
The research work in this dissertation is about developing a novel kind of pulsedDF laser mainframe and then analyzing the properties of output laser by the developedmainframe. The pulsed DF laser mainly consists of a vacuum system, a gas cycliccooling system, an optical resonator system, and a main support. The gas cycliccooling system has the components of fans, heat exchanger, flow passage, andmolecular sieve. After changing the structures and positions of the pipelines, theoff-centric fans which are special for fast axial flow lasers are successfully applied onDF transverse flow laser. The two units of fans provide the driving force for the gas cyclic flowing by parallel-connected way. In this paper, the flat-concave stable cavityis applied to the optical resonator. Total-reflecting mirror is a spherical mirror whileoutput mirror is a flat mirror. The resonator modulates the directions of optical axesthrough a multi-orientation structural adjustment. The molecular sieve has thefunction of absorbing excited species extinctions generated by working process tomaintain the stable output of lasers.
In order to ensure the steady operation of laser, the finite element method is usedto study the static properties of the whole mechanism and then optimize themechanism to obtain an improvement. After optimized, the mechanism whosemaximum deformation is reduced from2.34mm to1.67mm has a smaller entiredeformation than before. The maximum stress is reduced from296MPa to193MPa todecrease the stress concentration phenomena. It can conclude that the strength andstiffness of the whole mechanism meet working requirements. Then, in order toensure the uniformity of gas discharge in discharge chamber and achieve the steadyoutput of laser, the principle of computational fluid dynamics is employed tonumerically analyze the motion states of gas in flow field. The analyses include thepressure loss in gas flowing process, flowing velocities of discharged areas, anduniform distribution, and so on. Furthermore, the flow passage is optimized as to animprovement in accordance with its influential factors. After optimized, by pitot tubes,the measured flowing velocity of discharged areas is up to16.3m/s. The maximumnon-uniformity of longitudinal flowing velocity distribution is up to7.1%while thelateral4.3%. Both of the tested results can satisfy the working requirements for lasersteady output.
Experiments of single pulse and repetition discharging are carried out with thedeveloped pulsed DF laser mainframe. From experimental results, in the workingpressure of8.1KPa, when the proportion between gases is SF6:D2=8:1, output energyof single pulsed laser reaches to3.6J. Also, when the repeat frequency is50Hz, theaverage power reaches to150W.
本文研制了一种新型的脉冲DF激光器主机，并利用研制的结果对激光器的输出性能进行了研究分析。脉冲DF激光器主要由真空系统、气体循环冷却系统、光学谐振腔系统、主机支架等组成。其中，风机、换热器、流道、分子筛等组成了气体循环冷却系统。通过改变管路的结构和布局，成功地将快轴流激光器用风机应用到了DF横流激光器上，并采用两台风机并联的方式，为气体的循环流动提供驱动力。光学谐振腔采用平-凹稳定腔，全反镜为球面镜，输出镜为平面镜。谐振腔具有多方位的调整结构来调整光轴的方向。分子筛的作用是吸附工作过程中产生的消激发物质，维持激光器的稳定输出。
为保证激光器的稳定工作，运用有限元方法对整体结构进行了静力学分析，并针对结构中出现的不足进行了优化改进。优化后，结构的最大变形量由2.34mm降至1.67mm，且整体的变形减小。最大应力由296MPa降至193MPa，减轻了应力集中现象，整个结构的强度和刚度均满足工作要求。为保证放电区均匀的气体放电，实现激光的稳定输出，运用计算流体动力学(CFD)原理对流场中气体的运动状态进行了数值模拟分析。分析的对象包括气体流动时流场中的压力损失，放电区的流速以及均匀性分布等，并根据其影响因素对流道结构进行了优化改进。优化后，采用皮托管测得的放电区气体的流速达到16.3m/s，流速分布纵向最大不均匀度为7.1%，横向最大不均匀度为4.3%，均符合激光稳定输出所需的工作要求。
利用脉冲DF激光器主机的研制结果进行单脉冲及重频放电试验，在工作气压为8.1KPa，气体比例为SF6：D2=8:1时，单脉冲激光输出能量达到3.6J，重复频率为50Hz时的平均功率达到150W。
With the request of high-power coherent light source in middle-infrared wavebands in the area of photoelectric confrontation, DF lasers have been paid more andmore attentions. DF lasers, which have an output wave bands ranging from3.5-4.2μmand the central wave length of3.8μm, locate in the middle-infrared wave bands thatare in an urgent need for military aspect. Generally, DF lasers can be divided into twoworking categories: chained and unchained. The chained DF lasers are with a largestructure, simple explosion of working gas and difficult maintenance, though a highpower output. However, unchained pulsed DF lasers, available to avoid thedisadvantages of explosion and decay during continuous wave operations, have asmall volume and are manipulated simply, with high average power and peak power.
The research work in this dissertation is about developing a novel kind of pulsedDF laser mainframe and then analyzing the properties of output laser by the developedmainframe. The pulsed DF laser mainly consists of a vacuum system, a gas cycliccooling system, an optical resonator system, and a main support. The gas cycliccooling system has the components of fans, heat exchanger, flow passage, andmolecular sieve. After changing the structures and positions of the pipelines, theoff-centric fans which are special for fast axial flow lasers are successfully applied onDF transverse flow laser. The two units of fans provide the driving force for the gas cyclic flowing by parallel-connected way. In this paper, the flat-concave stable cavityis applied to the optical resonator. Total-reflecting mirror is a spherical mirror whileoutput mirror is a flat mirror. The resonator modulates the directions of optical axesthrough a multi-orientation structural adjustment. The molecular sieve has thefunction of absorbing excited species extinctions generated by working process tomaintain the stable output of lasers.
In order to ensure the steady operation of laser, the finite element method is usedto study the static properties of the whole mechanism and then optimize themechanism to obtain an improvement. After optimized, the mechanism whosemaximum deformation is reduced from2.34mm to1.67mm has a smaller entiredeformation than before. The maximum stress is reduced from296MPa to193MPa todecrease the stress concentration phenomena. It can conclude that the strength andstiffness of the whole mechanism meet working requirements. Then, in order toensure the uniformity of gas discharge in discharge chamber and achieve the steadyoutput of laser, the principle of computational fluid dynamics is employed tonumerically analyze the motion states of gas in flow field. The analyses include thepressure loss in gas flowing process, flowing velocities of discharged areas, anduniform distribution, and so on. Furthermore, the flow passage is optimized as to animprovement in accordance with its influential factors. After optimized, by pitot tubes,the measured flowing velocity of discharged areas is up to16.3m/s. The maximumnon-uniformity of longitudinal flowing velocity distribution is up to7.1%while thelateral4.3%. Both of the tested results can satisfy the working requirements for lasersteady output.
Experiments of single pulse and repetition discharging are carried out with thedeveloped pulsed DF laser mainframe. From experimental results, in the workingpressure of8.1KPa, when the proportion between gases is SF6:D2=8:1, output energyof single pulsed laser reaches to3.6J. Also, when the repeat frequency is50Hz, theaverage power reaches to150W.
引文
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