企业规模决策及其有效路径研究
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摘要
有关规模大小的问题一直是学术界和政府部门关注的热点问题之一，企业家关注企业规模已有很长久的时间了，比如“做大与做强”的问题。企业的规模经济不仅是经济学的重要理论之一，而且也是管理学研究的范畴。规模经济反映了企业的综合实力。从微观层面，企业规模对企业生存和发展是至关重要的。规模大小有利于提高企业的市场份额，具有增强企业对市场的支配能力，增强企业的竞争能力的作用。从中观层面，产业中有规模企业的存在，能够增强企业整合市场的能力。从宏观层面，企业规模有利于增强企业、行业的市场竞争能力，从而提高国家的国际竞争能力。基于此，本文对企业的规模进行了理论和实证，定量和定性两个辩证角度的分析，从而揭示规模问题的实质，为企业提供了有意义的建议，为目前提倡的深化企业改革提供独到的见解。
在理论上，文章整体思路是按照“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”的大框架系统构成。本文对企业的规模经济理论的形成原因以及相关理论进行了深入的分析探讨，并研究了规模决策理论的影响机理分析。规模决策本质体现了“质”与“量”是辩证统一的思想。企业追求规模经济，但同时也会出现规模不经济，规模经济并不等同于规模报酬，也不等同于经济规模，他们有着本质的区别。规模经济和范围经济都是降低成本的手段。企业规模存在着积极影响因素，同时，企业也存在限制企业规模的因素，如同一枚硬币的正反两个方面。现实中，规模的表现形式是动态的适度规模，不能无限扩张，产生了有限理性假说。规模偏好理论的提出，不仅使规模作为实体形态有了认识，而且从意识形态认识企业的规模，人们的潜意识里有规模的偏好。企业的规模不是无止境的，而是有限的，规模边界和能力边界的动态演进决定了企业的边界。并购，资本运营，资本积聚和资本集中是目前较好的主要形成规模经济的路径。
在实证上，本文从投入和产出两个维度选取样本数据，构建了企业规模偏好水平的综合评价模型，采用主成分分析法选用2009-2012年的上市公司数据，对企业规模偏好进行综合评价，并通过实证研究检验了企业属性特征对规模偏好的影响。本文构建了企业规模经济实现路径的模型，选取2009-2012年的上市公司数据作为研究样本，并用多元回归进行计量分析验证，并构建了企业经济效益对企业规模影响的模型，进行回归验证，结论如下所述：企业的并购活动和资本运营与规模都存在着显著的正相关关系，表明通过并购和资本运营的途径，是可以有助企业的规模经济，并购和资本运营都是一种很好的途径选择;不仅企业的规模对经济效益有影响，反之，企业的经济效益对企业的规模存在影响。
Not only scale economy of enterprise is important in economic theory, but alsoscale economy of enterprise is also very important in management theory. For a longtime, the entrepreneur has paid close attention to scale economy, such as bigger andstronger. It is a comprehensive economic strength. On micro level, scale economyimpacts very on existence and development of firms. It can increase in market share,enhance control ability in market and boost up competitive power. On meso level,competitive can heighten ability of resource integration in market. On macro level,It can enhance competitiveness from firm, industry,country to internation. On thebasic of it, this paper analyses in theory and demonstration view,in quantify andnature view. The paper reveals essence of scale economy, provides advice ondeepening firms’ reform.
On the theory, this paper spread through system framework of introducingquestion, analysing question and solving problem. This paper analyses deeply causeand correlation of scale economy. The paper researches mechanization of scaleeconomy. On essence, scale economy expresses dialectical unity relationship inquantity and quality. In fact,enterprises suit scale economy,but scale diseconomy willalso emerge. Scale economy isn’t the equivalent of return to scale.Scale economyisn’t same as scale.In nature, they have distinguish from each other. Both scaleeconomy and scope economy can cut the cost.There are many positive effects on scaleof firms in the surrounding.At the same time, there are many negative effects.Such asa coin has two opposite sides. In fact, there exists dynamic and moderate scale.Because enterprises can’t infinite expand, limited rational hypothesiscan engender. Not only people are familiar with scale on physical form, but also onideology form. In subconsciousness, people have preference on scale.Therefore,theory on scale preference can emerge. Scale of firms haven’t unlimit. The boundaryof firms depends on border of scale and border of ability. The two borders aredynamic evolution and have effect on boundary of firms.At present, M&A and capitaloperation are two good routes which form scale.
The paper chooses number according to input angel and output angel andstructures model on preference of scale. This paper chooses2009-2012data byprincipal component analysis and evaluates overall. This paper tests that features offirm have effect on scale preference.The paper structures model on scale routes. Ichoose2009-2012data as samples and test through multiple regression method. I structure model on economic benefits with scale and test by multiple regressionmethod. I conclude from:M&A and capital operation on scale have notable positivecorrelation. It make clear that M&A and capital operation are very effective routewhich shape scale. Not only scale of firms has effect on economic benefits, but alsoeconomic benefits have effect on scale of firms.
在理论上，文章整体思路是按照“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”的大框架系统构成。本文对企业的规模经济理论的形成原因以及相关理论进行了深入的分析探讨，并研究了规模决策理论的影响机理分析。规模决策本质体现了“质”与“量”是辩证统一的思想。企业追求规模经济，但同时也会出现规模不经济，规模经济并不等同于规模报酬，也不等同于经济规模，他们有着本质的区别。规模经济和范围经济都是降低成本的手段。企业规模存在着积极影响因素，同时，企业也存在限制企业规模的因素，如同一枚硬币的正反两个方面。现实中，规模的表现形式是动态的适度规模，不能无限扩张，产生了有限理性假说。规模偏好理论的提出，不仅使规模作为实体形态有了认识，而且从意识形态认识企业的规模，人们的潜意识里有规模的偏好。企业的规模不是无止境的，而是有限的，规模边界和能力边界的动态演进决定了企业的边界。并购，资本运营，资本积聚和资本集中是目前较好的主要形成规模经济的路径。
在实证上，本文从投入和产出两个维度选取样本数据，构建了企业规模偏好水平的综合评价模型，采用主成分分析法选用2009-2012年的上市公司数据，对企业规模偏好进行综合评价，并通过实证研究检验了企业属性特征对规模偏好的影响。本文构建了企业规模经济实现路径的模型，选取2009-2012年的上市公司数据作为研究样本，并用多元回归进行计量分析验证，并构建了企业经济效益对企业规模影响的模型，进行回归验证，结论如下所述：企业的并购活动和资本运营与规模都存在着显著的正相关关系，表明通过并购和资本运营的途径，是可以有助企业的规模经济，并购和资本运营都是一种很好的途径选择;不仅企业的规模对经济效益有影响，反之，企业的经济效益对企业的规模存在影响。
Not only scale economy of enterprise is important in economic theory, but alsoscale economy of enterprise is also very important in management theory. For a longtime, the entrepreneur has paid close attention to scale economy, such as bigger andstronger. It is a comprehensive economic strength. On micro level, scale economyimpacts very on existence and development of firms. It can increase in market share,enhance control ability in market and boost up competitive power. On meso level,competitive can heighten ability of resource integration in market. On macro level,It can enhance competitiveness from firm, industry,country to internation. On thebasic of it, this paper analyses in theory and demonstration view,in quantify andnature view. The paper reveals essence of scale economy, provides advice ondeepening firms’ reform.
On the theory, this paper spread through system framework of introducingquestion, analysing question and solving problem. This paper analyses deeply causeand correlation of scale economy. The paper researches mechanization of scaleeconomy. On essence, scale economy expresses dialectical unity relationship inquantity and quality. In fact,enterprises suit scale economy,but scale diseconomy willalso emerge. Scale economy isn’t the equivalent of return to scale.Scale economyisn’t same as scale.In nature, they have distinguish from each other. Both scaleeconomy and scope economy can cut the cost.There are many positive effects on scaleof firms in the surrounding.At the same time, there are many negative effects.Such asa coin has two opposite sides. In fact, there exists dynamic and moderate scale.Because enterprises can’t infinite expand, limited rational hypothesiscan engender. Not only people are familiar with scale on physical form, but also onideology form. In subconsciousness, people have preference on scale.Therefore,theory on scale preference can emerge. Scale of firms haven’t unlimit. The boundaryof firms depends on border of scale and border of ability. The two borders aredynamic evolution and have effect on boundary of firms.At present, M&A and capitaloperation are two good routes which form scale.
The paper chooses number according to input angel and output angel andstructures model on preference of scale. This paper chooses2009-2012data byprincipal component analysis and evaluates overall. This paper tests that features offirm have effect on scale preference.The paper structures model on scale routes. Ichoose2009-2012data as samples and test through multiple regression method. I structure model on economic benefits with scale and test by multiple regressionmethod. I conclude from:M&A and capital operation on scale have notable positivecorrelation. It make clear that M&A and capital operation are very effective routewhich shape scale. Not only scale of firms has effect on economic benefits, but alsoeconomic benefits have effect on scale of firms.
引文
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