我国南方低产水稻土养分特征与质量评价
|
摘要
我国南方低产水稻土类型多、面积大、分布广,具有较大的增产潜力。阐明典型低产水稻土的养分特征及障碍因素,对于指导科学培肥和提高水稻产量有重要意义。目前有关土壤质量评价多侧重于对土壤物理和土壤化学性状的研究,对土壤生物学性状的研究相对较少；有关区域尺度上对高产、中产和低产水稻土的质量特征缺乏系统的研究。本研究以黄泥田、反酸田、冷浸田、白土和潜育化水稻土五大类南方低产水稻土为研究对象,通过对不同生产力水稻土物理、化学和生物学性状分析与质量评价,从区域尺度上揭示不同类型低产水稻土的主要障碍因素。取得的主要进展如下：
(1)我国南方水稻土养分总体特征为有机质和全氮含量高；碱解氮和有效锌明显高于临界水平；西南稻区大面积为低磷区域(<10mg kg1),土壤有效磷表现为亏缺；土壤pH、速效钾、CEC和有效硅均表现为东南低、西南高；东南稻区水稻土缺钾明显,pH和CEC偏低。
(2)黄泥田土壤质量评价的最小数据集包括全氮、速效钾、有效硅、微生物量碳和菌根真菌(AMF)。整个黄泥田研究区域,土壤有效磷、有效硅和有效锌均表现为盈余,速效钾则表现为亏缺。较低水平的全氮、速效钾和有效硅是低产黄泥田的主要产量限制因子。
(3)潜育化水稻土质量评价的最小数据集包括全氮、速效钾、微生物量碳、β-葡萄糖苷酶、总细菌和AMF。整个研究区域土壤碱解氮和有效磷表现为盈余,速效钾则表现为亏缺。较低水平的全氮、速效钾和微生物活性是低产潜育化水稻土的主要产量限制因子。
(4)反酸田土壤质量评价的最小数据集包括微生物量碳、有效锌、pH、有效硅和全氮。整个反酸田研究区域,土壤有效磷和有效锌均表现为盈余,土壤速效钾和有效硅则表现为亏缺。较低水平的pH、有效硅和全氮被认为是低产反酸田的主要产量限制因子。
(5)白土质量评价的最小数据集包括脱氢酶、全氮、pH、有机质和AMF。整个研究区域,土壤有效磷、有效硅和有效锌含量均表现为盈余,土壤速效钾则表现为亏缺。较低水平的有机质、全氮、速效钾和pH是低产白土的主要产量限制因子。
(6)冷浸田质量评价的最小数据集包括全氮、总细菌、磷酸酶、有效磷和AMF。整个研究区域,碱解氮、有效硅和有效锌表现为盈余,有效磷则表现为严重亏缺。较低水平的全氮、有效磷和速效钾是低产冷浸田的主要产量限制因子。
The low-yield paddy soil in south China has a large potential of increasing crop production because of its various types and large area. The improved knowledge of soil quality assessment involving nutrient characteristics and limiting factors is crucial to designing more effective farming systems and thus improving rice production. Many previous studies evaluated soil quality status using physico-chemical properties, but rarely focused on soil biological properties. Moreover, little information is available for a systematic research of soil quality assessment involving high-, medium-and low-productivity paddy soil at a regional-scale. Therefore, the present study focuses on evaluation of low-yield paddy soils including yellow clayey paddy soil, acid sulfate paddy soil, water-logged paddy soil, albic soil and gleyed paddy soil, and the key soil physical, chemical and biological properties were measured to make the soil quality assessment more comprehensively and accurately, and find out the constraints limiting the rice production. The main results and progress are listed as follows:
(1) The paddy fields in south China have following characteristics:soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) exhibit high levels in soils; the concentrations of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) and available zinc (AZn) are significantly higher than their critical levels, indicating an obvious surplus; a large area of southwest China shows a deficiency of available phosphorus (AP)(<10mg kg-1); Soil pH、available potassium (AK), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available silicon (ASi) exhibit the similar trends in spatial distributions with high concentrations in the southwest China and low concentrations in the southeast. Paddy fields in southeast China are characterized by severe AK deficiency and low status of pH and CEC.
(2) The refined minimum data set (MDS) for soil quality assessment of yellow clayey paddy soil included the following indicators:TN, AK, ASi, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The whole study area is characterized by sufficient AP, ASi and AZn, but deficiency in AK. Low levels of TN, AK and ASi are considered to be the major constraints limiting the rice production of yellow clayey paddy soil.
(3) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of gleyed paddy soil included the following indicators:TN, AK, MBC, β-glucosidase, total bacteria (TB) and AMF. The whole study area shows a surplus of AN and AP, but deficiency in AK. Low levels of TN, AK and soil microbial activity are considered as the primary constraints limiting the productivity of gleyed paddy soil.
(4) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of acid sulfate paddy soil included the following indicators:MBC, AZn, pH, ASi and TN. The whole study area is sufficient in AP and AZn, but deficiency in AK and ASi. Low levels of pH, ASi and TN are regarded as the important constraints limiting the productivity of acid sulfate paddy soil.
(5) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of albic soil included the following indicators: dehydrogenase, TN, pH, SOM and AMF. The whole study area is characterized by high concentrations of AP, ASi and AZn, but deficiency in AK. Low levels of pH, TN, SOM and ASi are considered to be the major constraints limiting the rice production of albic paddy soil.
(6) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of water-logged paddy soil included the following indicators:TN, TB, AP, phosphatase and AMF. The whole study area is rich in AN, ASi and AZn, but deficiency in AP. Low levels of TN, AP and AK are considered as the major constraints limiting the rice production of water-logged paddy soil.
(1)我国南方水稻土养分总体特征为有机质和全氮含量高；碱解氮和有效锌明显高于临界水平；西南稻区大面积为低磷区域(<10mg kg1),土壤有效磷表现为亏缺；土壤pH、速效钾、CEC和有效硅均表现为东南低、西南高；东南稻区水稻土缺钾明显,pH和CEC偏低。
(2)黄泥田土壤质量评价的最小数据集包括全氮、速效钾、有效硅、微生物量碳和菌根真菌(AMF)。整个黄泥田研究区域,土壤有效磷、有效硅和有效锌均表现为盈余,速效钾则表现为亏缺。较低水平的全氮、速效钾和有效硅是低产黄泥田的主要产量限制因子。
(3)潜育化水稻土质量评价的最小数据集包括全氮、速效钾、微生物量碳、β-葡萄糖苷酶、总细菌和AMF。整个研究区域土壤碱解氮和有效磷表现为盈余,速效钾则表现为亏缺。较低水平的全氮、速效钾和微生物活性是低产潜育化水稻土的主要产量限制因子。
(4)反酸田土壤质量评价的最小数据集包括微生物量碳、有效锌、pH、有效硅和全氮。整个反酸田研究区域,土壤有效磷和有效锌均表现为盈余,土壤速效钾和有效硅则表现为亏缺。较低水平的pH、有效硅和全氮被认为是低产反酸田的主要产量限制因子。
(5)白土质量评价的最小数据集包括脱氢酶、全氮、pH、有机质和AMF。整个研究区域,土壤有效磷、有效硅和有效锌含量均表现为盈余,土壤速效钾则表现为亏缺。较低水平的有机质、全氮、速效钾和pH是低产白土的主要产量限制因子。
(6)冷浸田质量评价的最小数据集包括全氮、总细菌、磷酸酶、有效磷和AMF。整个研究区域,碱解氮、有效硅和有效锌表现为盈余,有效磷则表现为严重亏缺。较低水平的全氮、有效磷和速效钾是低产冷浸田的主要产量限制因子。
The low-yield paddy soil in south China has a large potential of increasing crop production because of its various types and large area. The improved knowledge of soil quality assessment involving nutrient characteristics and limiting factors is crucial to designing more effective farming systems and thus improving rice production. Many previous studies evaluated soil quality status using physico-chemical properties, but rarely focused on soil biological properties. Moreover, little information is available for a systematic research of soil quality assessment involving high-, medium-and low-productivity paddy soil at a regional-scale. Therefore, the present study focuses on evaluation of low-yield paddy soils including yellow clayey paddy soil, acid sulfate paddy soil, water-logged paddy soil, albic soil and gleyed paddy soil, and the key soil physical, chemical and biological properties were measured to make the soil quality assessment more comprehensively and accurately, and find out the constraints limiting the rice production. The main results and progress are listed as follows:
(1) The paddy fields in south China have following characteristics:soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) exhibit high levels in soils; the concentrations of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) and available zinc (AZn) are significantly higher than their critical levels, indicating an obvious surplus; a large area of southwest China shows a deficiency of available phosphorus (AP)(<10mg kg-1); Soil pH、available potassium (AK), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available silicon (ASi) exhibit the similar trends in spatial distributions with high concentrations in the southwest China and low concentrations in the southeast. Paddy fields in southeast China are characterized by severe AK deficiency and low status of pH and CEC.
(2) The refined minimum data set (MDS) for soil quality assessment of yellow clayey paddy soil included the following indicators:TN, AK, ASi, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The whole study area is characterized by sufficient AP, ASi and AZn, but deficiency in AK. Low levels of TN, AK and ASi are considered to be the major constraints limiting the rice production of yellow clayey paddy soil.
(3) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of gleyed paddy soil included the following indicators:TN, AK, MBC, β-glucosidase, total bacteria (TB) and AMF. The whole study area shows a surplus of AN and AP, but deficiency in AK. Low levels of TN, AK and soil microbial activity are considered as the primary constraints limiting the productivity of gleyed paddy soil.
(4) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of acid sulfate paddy soil included the following indicators:MBC, AZn, pH, ASi and TN. The whole study area is sufficient in AP and AZn, but deficiency in AK and ASi. Low levels of pH, ASi and TN are regarded as the important constraints limiting the productivity of acid sulfate paddy soil.
(5) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of albic soil included the following indicators: dehydrogenase, TN, pH, SOM and AMF. The whole study area is characterized by high concentrations of AP, ASi and AZn, but deficiency in AK. Low levels of pH, TN, SOM and ASi are considered to be the major constraints limiting the rice production of albic paddy soil.
(6) The refined MDS for soil quality assessment of water-logged paddy soil included the following indicators:TN, TB, AP, phosphatase and AMF. The whole study area is rich in AN, ASi and AZn, but deficiency in AP. Low levels of TN, AP and AK are considered as the major constraints limiting the rice production of water-logged paddy soil.
引文
包耀贤.黄土高原坝地和梯田土壤质量特征及评价：[博士学位论文].陕西.杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2008
蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华.GIS支持下乡镇域土壤肥力评价和分析.土壤与环境,2000,9(2)：99-102
曹志洪,周建民,等.中国土壤质量.北京：科学出版社,2008
陈琨,秦鱼生,喻华,等.不同耕作方式和施肥处理对冬水田土温、水稻生长和产量的影响.西南农业学报,2012,25(5)：1738-1741
陈世俭,马毅杰.潜育化作用对水稻土磷素形态与供磷能力的影响.土壤通报,2002,33(4)：275-277
董稳军,徐培智,张仁陟,等.土壤改良剂对冷几天土壤特性和水稻群体质量的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(7)：810-816
高祥照,马文奇,崔勇,等.我国耕地土壤养分变化与肥料投入状况.植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4)：363-369
高祥照,马文奇,杜森,等.我国施肥中存在问题的分析.土壤通报,2001,32(6)：258-261
龚子同,周瑞荣.强酸性盐渍水稻土的发生.土壤学报,1964,12(2)：183-191
龚子同,张效朴,韦启璠.我国潜育化水稻土的形成、特性及增产潜力.中国农业科学,1990,23(1)：45-53
古汉虎.水旱轮作改良利用潜育化水稻土的研究.热带亚热带土壤科学.1995,4(2)：79-84
古汉虎.平原湖区潜育化水稻土改良与利用的研究.长江流域资源与环境.1993,2(2)：125-136
何毓蓉.中国紫色土.北京：科学出版社,2003
黄继茂.广东滨海强酸性盐渍水稻土(反酸田)化学特性的研究.土壤学报,1958,6(2)：114-122
黄婷,岳西杰,葛玺祖,等.基于主成分分析的黄土沟壑区土壤肥力质量评价—以长武县耕地土壤为例.干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3)：141-147
黄宇年,陆发熹.广东反酸田土壤硫化学研究.土壤学报,1988,25(2)：101-109
黄泽林,陈琦,任树友.四川农田施肥现状评价与对策研究.西南农业学报,2003,16：12-14
冀建华,刘秀梅,李祖章,等.长期施肥对黄泥田碳和氮及氮素利用的影响.中国农业科学,2011,44(12)：2484-2494
柯建国,陆建飞.深耕改良白浆土的效应研究.扬州大学学报.自然科学版,1998,1(3)：47-49
李伯欣,徐培智,周柏权,等.适宜于改良后酸性田和反酸田的水稻品种筛选试验.广东农业科学,2011,12：13-14
李法云,高子勤.白浆土-植物系统营养物质转化机制及其有效性研究Ⅱ.白浆土无机磷形态变化.应用生态学报,1999,10(4)：419-422
李刚,王友文,蔡家军.冷浸田水稻氮肥优化管理研究.现代农业科技,2012,14：16-20
李庆逵.中国水稻土.北京：科学出版社,1992
李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡.中国农业科学,2011,44(20)：4207-4229
李新举,胡振琪,刘宁,等.基于3S技术的黄河三角洲土壤质量自动化评价方法研究.农业工程学报,2005,21(10)：59-63
廖先苓,何电源,邓世林,等.潜育化水稻土的肥力特征及施肥效应的研究.Ⅱ.潜育化水稻土氮素供应特性及氮素平衡研究.农业现代化研究,1983,3：27-35
廖育林,郑圣先,杨曾平,等.湖南双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土土壤微生物和生物化学性质的研究.水土保持学报,2010,24(4)：222-228
廖宗文,何振富,冯粉红.两种工业废料堆咸酸田改良效果的初步研究.农业环境保护,1991,10(3)：105-107
林增泉,徐鹏,彭佳桂,等.冷浸田类型与改良研究.土壤学报,1986,23(2)：157-162
刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价.生态学报,2006,26(3)：901-913
刘铮.我国土壤中锌含量的分布规律.中国农业科学,1994,27(1)：30-37
林俊文,陈法扬,聂崇礼.江西省潜育化水稻土及其工程治理措施.土壤,1983,3(2)：65-67
龙成风,姚其华,范先鹏,等.棕红壤地区冲垅冷浸田的改造技术及效果.中国农业大学学报,1992,2：108-111
鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京：中国农业科技出版社,2000
鲁如坤,时正元,施建平.我国南方6省农田养分平衡状况评价和动态变化研究.中国农业科学,2000,33(2)：63-67
潘根兴,黄瑞采,丁瑞兴,等.淮北白浆土发育于晚第四纪古地理环境变化.第四纪研究,1995,3：249-257
潘智,章嘉慧,陆丰年,等.重咸酸田的综合治理研究.广西农业大学学报,1993,12(4)：57-62
彭嘉桂,郑仲登,林增泉,等.黄泥田费力特性及其改良利用研究.福建省农科院学报.1986,1(2)：8-15
全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤.北京：中国农业出版社,1998
时常蕴,周慧珍.GIS技术在土壤质量评价中的应用—以江苏市水田为例.土壤学报,2001,38(3)：248-255
苏金平,袁福生,徐昌旭,等.不同施肥方式对冷浸田早稻产量影响研究初报.江西农业学报,2012,24(6)：90-92
孙云云,赵兰坡.土壤质量评价的生物指标及相关性研究进展.中国农学通报,2010,26(5)：116-120
唐晓红,邵景安,黄雪夏,等.垄作免耕下紫色水稻土有机碳的分布特征.土壤学报,2007,44(2)：235-243
陶世栋.不同轮作制对改造次生潜育化水稻土的初步探讨.土壤,1984,3：97-100
王振荣.磷矿粉改良咸酸田的效果.土壤,1980,4：145-147
王飞,林诚,李清华,等.长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田水稻籽粒品质性状与土壤肥力因子的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2)：283-290
汪建飞,李粉茹,金德胜.黄白土的持水特性及施用有机物料的效应研究.水土保持学报,2002,16(2)：133-135
王建生,黄福正,王明德,等.溧阳白土上小麦施钾效应的研究.土壤,1998,4：194-197
吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京：气象出版社,2006
吴新德,戴延寿.安徽池州地区冷浸田的综合改良.土壤,1996,2：62-63
武志杰,丁庆堂,于德清,等.施用有机物料与深松对改良白浆土白浆层效应的研究.土壤通报,1995,26(6)：250-252
夏立忠,傅桦,丁瑞兴.江淮流域白浆化土壤的矿物组成与化学特性的研究.土壤学报,2001,38(3)：229-238
谢坚,郑圣先,杨曾平,等.湖南双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土质量综合评价.中国农业科学,2010,43(23)：4840-4851
熊明彪,舒芬,宋光煜,等.南方丘陵区土壤潜育化的发生与生态环境建设.土壤与环境,2002,11(2)：197-201
徐建明,张甘霖,谢正苗,等.土壤质量指标与评价.北京：科学出版社,2010
许建伟,裘涛,王帅,等.水土保持与土壤质量评价.亚热带水土保持,2009,21(1)：36-39
许仁良,王建峰,张国良,等.秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响.生态学报,2010,30(13)：3584-3590
徐芳,钟秋波.中低产田改造是实现我国粮食安全的有效途径.管理世界,12(1)：171-172
徐琪.长江中下游白土的地理分布规律及其形成过程的特点.土壤学报,1962,10(1)：44-54
向万胜,李卫红,童成立.江汉平原农田渍害与土壤潜育化发展现状及治理对策.土壤与环境,2000,9(3)：214-217
徐祥玉,张志毅,王娟,等.起垄和施肥对冷浸田土壤氧化还原状况的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6)：666-673
杨成英.湿润栽培对冷浸田水稻生长发育的影响.云南农业大学学报,1991,6(3)：136-141
杨利,姚其华,范先鹏,等.鄂东南棕红壤丘陵区冷浸田 施用过氧化钙效果.湖南农业科学,1997,4：37-39
杨奇勇,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.基于GIS的耕地土壤养分贫瘠化评价及其障碍因子分析.自然资源学报,2010,25(8)：1375-1384
叶新新,周艳丽,孙波.适于轻度Cd、As污染土壤种植的水稻品种筛选.农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6)：1082-1088
易琼,唐栓虎,黄巧义,等.有机、无机添加剂改良反酸田水稻生长效果研究.中国土壤与肥料,2013,13(3)：31-36
于天仁,谢建昌,杨国治,等.太湖流域低产“白土”的成因及其改良.土壤学报,1959,7(2)：42-58
张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用现状与提高途径.土壤学报,2008,45(5)：916-924
张琳,张凤荣,姜广辉,等.我国中低产田改造的粮食增产潜力与粮食安全保障.农业现代化研究,2005,26(1)：22-25
张平,郑宏刚,余建设.高原地区冷浸田治理技术研究.云南农业大学学报,2005,20(5)：665-669
张鹏飞,田长彦,卞卫国,等.克拉玛依农业开发区土壤质量评价指标的筛选.干旱区研究,2004,21(2)：165-170
张琪,方海兰,黄懿珍,等.土壤阳离子交换量在上海城市土壤质量评价中的应用.土壤,2005,37(6)：679-682
张旭辉,李恋卿,潘根兴.不同轮作制度对淮北白浆土土团聚体及其有机碳的积累与分布的影响.生态学杂志,2001,20(2)：16-19
张振南.潜育化水稻土中还原物质状况、危害指标及其有效调节途径.湖南农业科学.1981,5：35-39
赵玉萍,夏荣基,尚占果,等.综合农业措施改良白浆土的效果初探.北京农业大学学报,1990,16：71-77
中国农业年鉴编委会.中国农业年鉴.北京：中国农业出版社,2012
紫娟娟,廖敏,徐培智,等.我国主要低产水稻冷浸田养分障碍因子特征分析.水土保持学报,2012,26(2)：284-288
紫娟娟,廖敏,徐培智,等.我国主要低产水稻冷浸田土壤微生物特征分析.水土保持学报,2013,27(1)：247-251
朱小平,王义炳,曹翠玉,等.白浆土磷锌关系的研究.南京农业大学学报,1995,18(2)：69-73
朱永官,罗家贤.我国南方一些土壤的钾素状况及其含钾矿物.土壤学报,1994,31(4)：430-438
朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2)：259-273
Ali A M S. Farmers' knowledge of soil and the sustainability of agriculture in a saline water eco-system in Southwestern Bangladesh. Geoderma,2003,111:333-353
Al-Kaisi M M, Yin X H, Licht M A. Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as influenced by tillage and cropping systems in some Iowa soils. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2005,105:635-647
Andrews S S, Carroll C R. Designing a soil quality assessment tool for sustainable agro-ecosystem management. Ecol Appl,2001,11:1573-1585
Andrews S S, Mitchell J P, Mancinelli R, et al. On-farm assessment of soil quality in California's central valley. Agron J,2002,94:12-23
Araujo A S F, Cesarz S, Leite L F C, et al. Soil microbial properties and temporal stability in degraded and restored lands of Northeast Brazil. Soil Biol Biochem,2013,66:175-181
Arshad M A, Coen G M. Characterization of soil quality:physical and chemical criteria. J Sustain Agri, 1992,7:25-31
Arshad M A, Martin S. Identifying critical limits for soil quality indicators in agro-ecosystems. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2002,88:153-160
Aziz I, Ashraf M, Mahmood T, et al. Crop rotation impact on soil quality. Pak J Bot,2011,43:949-960
Aziz I, Mahmood T, Islam K R. Effect of long term no-tillage and conventional tillage practices on soil quality. Soil Till Res,2013,131:28-35
Bandyopadhyay K K, Misra A K, Ghosh P K,et al. Effect of integrated use of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers on soil physical properties and productivity of soybean. Soil Till Res,2010, 110:115-125
Bartz M L C, Pasini A, Brown G G. Earthworm as soil quality indicators in Brazilian no-tillage systems. Appl Soil Ecol,2013,69:39-48
Bastida F, Moreno J L, Hernandez T, et al. Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38:3463-3473
Bastida F, Zsolnay A, Hernandez T, et al. Past, present and future of soil quality indices:A biological perspective. Geoderma,2008,147:159-171
Beare M H, Bruce R R.A comparison of methods for measuring water-stable aggregates:implications for determining environmental effects on soil structure. Geoderma,1993,56,87-104
Bending G D, Turner M K, Rayns F, et al. Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes. Soil Biol Biochem,2004,36:1785-1792
Bhardwaj A K, Jasrotiaa P, Hamiltona S K, et al. Ecological management of intensively cropped agro-ecosystems improves soil quality with sustained productivity. Agri Ecosyst Environ,2011, 140:419-429
Blake G R, Hartge K H. Bulk density, In:Klute A, eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1,2nd edition. ASA, Madison, WI,1986,363-375
Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Thangarajan R, et al. Remediation of heavy metal (loid)s contaminated soils-To mobilize or to immobilize?. J Hazard Mater,2014,266:141-166
Bonanomi G, D'Ascoli R, Antignani V, et al. Assessing soil quality under intensive cultivation and tree orchards in Southern Italy. Appl Soil Ecol,2011,47:184-194.
Bouma J, Finke P A. In:Robert P C, Rust R H, Larson W F, eds. Origin and Nature of Soil Resource Variability. Soil Specific Crop Management. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI,1993,3-14
Bowles T M, Acosta-Martinez V, Calderon F, et al. Soil enzyme activities, microbial communities, and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape. Soil Biol Biochem,2014,68:252-262
Brady N C. The Nature and Properties of Soil.8th edition. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1974,639
Brar B S, Singh K, Dheri G S, et al. Carbon sequestration and soil carbon pools in a rice-wheat cropping system:Effect of long-term use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure. Soil Till Res, 2013,128:30-36
Brejda J J, Moorman T B, Karlen D L, et al. Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators. I. Central and Southern High Plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J,2000,64:2115-2124
Brussaard L, de Ruiter P C, Brown G G. Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2007,121:233-244
Bruun T B, Ole M, Bo E. Linking yields of upland rice in shifting cultivation to fallow length and soil properties. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2006,113:139-149
Brye K R, Slaton N A, Savin M C, et al. Short-term effects of land leveling on soil physical properties and microbial biomass.Soil Soc Am J,2003,67:1405-1417
Calisi A, Zaccarelli N, Lionetto M G, et al. Integrated biomarker analysis in the earthworm lumnricus terestris:Application to the monitoring of soil heavy metal pollution. Chemosphere,2013,90: 2637-2644
Cambardella C A, Karlen D L. Spatial analysis of soil fertility parameters. Precis Agric,1999,1:5-14
Cambardella C A, Moorman T B, Nova J M, et al. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1994,58:1501-1511
Cambule A H, Rossiter D G, Stoorvogel J J, et al. Soil organic carbon stocks in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique:Amount, spatial distribution and uncertainty. Geoderma,2014,213:46-56
Carter M R, Sanderson J B, Ivany J A, et al. Influence of rotation and tillage on forage maize productivity, weed species, and soil quality of a fine sandy loam in the cool-humid climate of Atlantic Canada. Soil Till Res,1986,67:85-98
Chen Y D, Wang H Y, Zhou J M, et al. Minimum data set for assessing soil quality in farmland of northeast China. Pedosphere,2013,23:564-576
Chilima J, Huang C Y, Wu C F. Microbial biomass carbon trends in black and red soils under single straw application; effect of straw placement, mineral N addition and tillage. Pedosphere,2002,12: 59-72
Choosai C, Pascal J, Yupa H, et al. Effects of earthworms on soil properties and rice production in the rainfed paddy fields of Northeast Thailand. Appl Soil Ecol,2010,45:298-303
Das B, Chakraborty D, Singh V K, et al. Effect of integrated nutrient management practice on soil aggregate properties, its stability and aggregate-associated carbon content in an intensive rice-wheat system. Soil Till Res,2014,136:9-18
DeForest J L. The influence of time, storage temperature, and substrate age on potential soil enzyme activity in acidic forest soils using MUB-linked substrates and L-DOPA. Soil Biol Biochem,2009, 41:1180-1186
D"Hose T, Cougnon M, Vliegher A D, et al. The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production:A case study on the effect of farm compost application. Appl Soil Ecol,2014,75: 189-198
Ditzler C A, Tugel A J. Soil quality field tools:experiences of USDA-NRCS soil quality institute. Agron J,2002,94:33-38
Doran J W. Soil health and global sustainability:translating science into practice. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2002,88:119-127
Doran J W, Zeiss M R. Soil health and sustainability:managing the biotic component of soil uality, Appl Soil Ecol,2000,15:3-11
Doran J W, Parkin B T. Defining and assessing soil quality. In:Doran, J W, Coleman D C, Ezdicek D F, Stewart B A, eds. Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. SSSA Spec. Publ.35. Madison, WI, USA,1994,3-21
Doran J W, Parkin B T. Quantitative indictors of soil quality:A minimum data set. In:Doran A J, eds. Methods for assessing soil quality. Special Publication. SSSA,1996,49:25-37
Eivazi F, Tabatabai M A. Glucosidases and galactosidases in soils. Soil Biol Biochem,1988,20: 601-606
Elhottova D, Szili-Kovacs T, Triska J. Soil microbial community of abandoned sand fields. Foia Microbiol,2002,47:435-440
Emery X, Ortiz J M. Weighted sample variograms as a tool to better assess the spatial variability of soil properties. Geoderma,2007,140:81-89
Epelde L, Burges A, Mijangos I, et al. Microbial properties and attributes of ecological relevance for soil quality monitoring during a chemical stabilization field study. Appl Soil Ecol,2014,75:1-12
Ericksen P J, Ardon M. Similarities and differences between farmer and scientist views on soil quality issues in central Honduras. Geoderma,2003,111:233-248
Ernst O, Siri-Prieto G. Impact of perennial pasture and tillage systems on carbon input and soil quality indicators. Soil Till Res,2009,105:260-268
Ersahin S. Assessment of spatial variability in nitrate leaching to reduce nitrogen fertilizers impact on water quality. Agr Water Manage,2001,48:179-189
Fernandez-Ugalde O, Virto I, Bescana P, et al. No-tillage improvement of soil physical quality in calcareous, degradation-prone, semiarid soils. Soil Till Res,2009,106:29-35
FlieBbach A, Oberholzer H R, Gunst L, et al. Soil organic matter and biological soil quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2007,118:273-284
Flores-Delgadillo L, Fedick S, Solleiro-Reboledo E, et al. A sustainable system of a traditional precision agriculture in a Maya homegarden:Soil quality aspects. Soil Till Res,2011,113:112-120
Finkenbein P, Kretschmer K, Kuka K, et al. Soil enzyme activities as bioindicators for substrate quality in revegetation of a subtropical coal mining dump. Soil Biol Biochem,2013,56:87-89
Fu B J, Liu S L, Chen L D, et al. Soil quality regime in relation to land cover and slope position across a highly modified slope landscape. Ecol Res,2004,19:111-118
Fu W J, Tunney H, Zhang C S. Spatial variation of soil nutrients in a dairy farm and its implications for site-specific fertilizer application. Soil Till Res,2010,106:785-193
Garcia-Gil J C, Plaza C, Soler-Rovira P, et al. Long-term effects of municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass. Soil Biol Biochem,2000,32: 1907-1913
Garcia-Ruiz R, Ochoa V, Hinojosa M B, et al. Suitability of enzyme activities for the monitoring of soil quality improvement in organic agricultural systems. Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40:2137-2145
Gee G W, Bauder J W. Particle-size analysis, In:Klute A, eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1,2nd edition. ASA, SSSA, Madison,WI,1986,383-411
Giacometti C, Cavani L, Baldoni G, et al. Microplate-scale fluorometric soil enzyme assays as tools to assess soil quality in a long-term agricultural field experiment. Appl Soil Ecol,2014,75:80-85
Giacometti C, Demyan M S, Cavani L, et al. Chemical and microbiological soil quality indicators and their potential to differentiate fertilization regimes in temperate agro-ecosystems. Appl Soil Ecol, 2013,64:32-48
Glover J D, Reganold J P, Andrews P K. Systematic method for rating soil quality of conventional, organic, and integrated apple orchards in Washington State. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2000,80:29-45
Gong Z T, Zhang X L, Chen J, et al. Origin and development of soil science in ancient China. Geoderma,2003,115:3-13
Goovaerts P. Geostatistics in soil science:state-of-the-art and perspectives. Geoderma,1999,89:1-45
Govaerts B, Sayre K D, Deckers J. A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize cropping in the highlands of Mexico. Soil Till Res,2006,87:163-174
Gray L C, Morant P. Reconciling indigenous knowledge with scientific assessment of soil fertility changes in southwestern Burkina Faso. Geoderma,2003,111:425-437
Guimaraaes D V, Gonzaga M I S, Silva T O, et al. Soil organic matter pools and carbon fractions in soil under different land uses. Soil Till Res,2013,126:177-182
Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science,2010, 327:1008-1010
Harris R F, Bezdicek D F. Descriptive aspects of soil quality. In:Doran J W, eds. Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison, WI, SSSA,1994,23-35
Haynes, R.J. Labile organic matter as an indicator of organic matter quality in arable and pastoral soils in New Zealand. Soil Biol Biochem,2000,32:211-219
Hidetoshi A, Benjamin K S, Haefele M S, et al. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crop Res, 2009,111:81-84
Hien P D, Dung B D, Phien T. Redistributions of 137Cs and soil components on cultivated hill slopes with hedgerows as conservation measures. Soil Till Res,2013,128:149-154
Hofman J, Dusek L. Biochemical analysis of soil organic matter and microbial biomass composition-a pilot study. Eur J Soil Biol,2003,39:217-224
Hong H N, Rumpel C, Tureaux T H, et al. How do earthworms influence organic matter quantity and quality in tropical soils. Soil Biol Biochem,2011,43:223-230
Huang B, Sun W X, Zhao Y C, et al. Temporal and spatial variability of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in an agricultural ecosystem as affected by farming practices. Geoderma,2007,139: 336-345
Huang M, Jiang L G, Zou Y B, et al. Changes in soil microbial properties with no-tillage in Chinese cropping systems. Biol Fertil Soils,2013,49:373-377
Huang M, Zou Y B, Feng Y H, et al. No-tillage and direct seeding for super hydrid rice production in rice-oilseed rape cropping system. Eur J Agron,2011,34:278-286
Hurni H. Assessing sustainable land management (SLM). Agr Ecosyst Environ,2000,81:83-92
Ilstedt U, Giesler R, Nordgren A, et al. Changes in soil chemical and microbial properties after a wildfire in a tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia. Soil Biol Biochem,2003,35:1071-1078
Ishii N, Uchida S. Gram-negative bacteria responsible for insoluble technetium formation and the fate of insoluble Tc in the water column above flooded paddy soil. Chemosphere,2005,60:157-163
Jalali M. Spatial variability in potassium release among calcareous soils of western Iran. Geoderma, 2007,140:42-51
Jimenez M P, Horra A M, Pruzzo L, et al. Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters. Biol Fert Soils,2002,35:302-306
Jin J Y, Jiang C. Spatial variability of soil nutrients and site specific nutrient management in the P.R. China. Comput Electron Agr,2002,36:165-172
Johnson R A, Wichern D W. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1992
Jones, D.L., Simfukwe, P., Hill, P.W., Mills, R.T.E., Emmett, B.A. Evaluation of dissolved organic carbon as a soil quality indicator in national monitroing schemes. Plos One,2014,9(3):e90882
Jouquet P, Zangerle A, Rumpel C, et al. Relevance and limitations of biogenic and physicogenic classification:acomparison of approaches for differentiating the origin of soil aggregates. Eur J Soil Sci,2009,60:1117-1125
Kamprath E J, Watson M E. Conventional soil and tissue tests for assessing the phosphorus status of soil. In:Khasawneh F E, Sample E C, Hamprath E J, eds. The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. Madison, WI:SSSA,1980,443-469
Karlen D L, Andrews S S, Doran J W, et al. Soil quality-humankinds foundation for survival. J Soil Water Conserv,2003,58:171-179
Karien D L, Mausbach M J, Doran J W, et al. Soil quality:a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1997,61:4-10
Kaschuk G, Alberton O, Hungria M. Three decades of soil microbial biomass studies in Brazilian ecosystems:Lessons learned about soil quality and indications for improving sustainability. Soil Bio Biochem,2010,42:1-13
Khan S, Hanjra M A, Mu J X. Water management and crop production for food security in China:A review. Agr Water Manage,2009,96:349-360
Kozdroj J, van Elsas J D. Structural diversity of microorganisms in chemically perturbed soil assessed by molecular and cytochemical approaches. J Microbiol Meth,2001,43:197-212
Kwansoo K, Barham B L, Coxhead I. Measuring soil quality dynamics:A role for economists, and implications for economic analysis. Agr Econ,2001,25:13-26
Laird D A, Fleming P, Davis D D, et al. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midweatern agricultural soil. Geoderma,2010,158:443-449
Lal R. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma,2004,123:1-22
Lal R. Enhancing crop yields in the developing countries through restoration of the soil organic carbon pool in agricultural lands. Land Degrad Dev,2006,17:197-209
Larson W E, Pierce F J. Conservation and enhancement of soil quality. In:Elliott C R, eds. Evaluation for Sustainable Land Management in the Developing Word. Bangkok, Thailand:International Board for Soil Research and Management,1991,175-203
Lehmann J, da Silva J J P, Steiner C. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin:fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant Soil,2003,249:343-357
Lehmann J. Bio-energy in the black. Front Ecol Environ,2007,5:381-387
Li C F, Yue L X, Kou Z K, et al. Short-term effects of conservation management practices on soil labile organic carbon fractions under a rape-rice rotation in central China. Soil Till. Res,2012,119: 31-37
Li P, Zhang T L, Wang X X, et al. Development of biological soil quality indicator system for subtropical China. Soil Till Res,2013,126:112-118
Li Y, Shi Z, Li F. Delineation of site-speicific management zones based on temporal and spatial variability f soil electrical conductivity. Pedosphere,2007,17:156-164
Li Z J, Xu J M, Tang C X. Application of 16S rDNA-PCR amplification and DGGE fingerprinting for detection of shift in microbial community diversity in Cu, Zn and Cd contaminated paddy soils. Chemosphere,2006,62:1374-1380
Li Z P, Liu M, Wu X C, et al. Effect of long-term chemical fertilization and organic amendments on dynamics of soil organic C and total N in paddy soil derived from barren land in subtropical China. Soil Till Res,2010,106:268-274
Liang Y C, Sun W C, Zhu Y G, et al. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants:A review. Environ Pollut,2007,147:422-428
Lichtenberg E, Ding C R. Assessing farmland protection policy in China. Land Use Policy,2008,25: 59-68
Liebig M A, Varvel G, Doran J W. A simple performance-based index for assessing multiple agro-ecosystem functions. Agron J,2001,93:313-318
Lima A C R, Hoogmoed W B, Pauletto E A, et al. Management systems in irrigated rice affect physical and chemical soil properties. Soil Till Res,2009,103:92-97
Lima A C R, Hoogmoed W B, Brussaard L, et al. Farmers'assessment of soil quality in rice production systems. NJAS-Wagen J Life Sc,2011,58:31-38
Lima A C R, Brussaard L, Totola M R, et al. A function evaluation of three indicator sets for assessing soil quality. Appl Soil Ecol,2013,64:194-200
Lin J S, Shi X Z, Lu X X, et al. Storage and spatial variation of phosphorus in paddy soils of China. Pedosphere,2009,19:790-798
Liu D W, Wang Z M, Zhang B, et al. Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and analysis of related factors in croplands of the black soil region, Northeast China. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2006,113: 73-81
Liu E K, Yan C R, Mei X R. Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer, straw, and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northeast China. Geoderma,2010,158:173-280
Liu M, Li Z P, Zhang Z L, et al. Discrepancy in response of rice yield and soil fertility to long-term chemical fertilization and organic amendments in paddy soils cultivated from infertile upland in subtropical China. Agr Sci China,2011,10:259-266
Liu X M, Zhang W W, Zhang M H, et al. Spatio-temporal variations of soil nutrients by an altered land tenure system in China. Geoderma,2009,152:223-34
Liu Z P, Shao M A, Wang Y Q. Spatial patterns of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus across the entire Loess Plateau region of China. Geoderma,2013,198:67-78
Liu Z J, Zhou W, Shen J B, et al. Soil quality assessment of acid sulfate paddy soils with different productivity in Guangdong Province, China. J Integr Agr,2014,13:177-186
Livera J D, Mike J M, Ganga M H, et al. Cadmium solubility in paddy soils:Effects of soil oxidation, metal sulfides and competitive ions. Sci Total Environ,2011,409:1489-1497
Livia B, Uwe L, Frank B. Microbial biomass, enzyme activity and microbial community structure in two European long-term field experiments. Agric Ecosyst Environ,2005,109:145-152
Logsdon S D, Karlen D L. Bulk density as a soil quality indicator during conversion to no-tillage. Geoderma,2004,78:143-149
Ma J F, Yanmaji N. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci,2006,11: 392-397
Mabit L, Bernard C, Makhlouf M, et al. Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics. Geoderma,2008,145:245-251
Manlay R J, Feller C, Swift M J. Historical evolution of soil organic matter concepts and their relationships with the fertility and sustainability of cropping systems. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2007, 119:217-233
Marx M C, Wood M, Jarvis S C. A microplate fluorimetric assay for the study of enzyme diversity in soils. Soil Biol Biochem,2001,33:1633-1640
Marzaioli R, D'Ascoli R, de Pascale R A, et al. Soil quality in a Mediterranean area of southern Italy as related to different lad use types. Appl Soil Ecol,2010,44:205-212
Masto R E, Chhonkar P K, Singh D, et al. Changes in soil biological and biochemical characteristics in the long-term field trial on a sub-tropical inceptisol. Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38:1557-1582
McGrath D, Zhang C S, Carton O T. Geostatistical analyses and hazard assessment on soil lead in Silvermines area, Ireland. Environ Pollut,2004,127:239-248
Moeskops B, Buchan D, Sleutel S, et al. Soil microbial communities and activities under intensive organic and conventional vegetable farming in West Java, Indonesia. Appl Soil Ecol,2010,45: 112-120
Moeskops B, Buchan D, Sukristiyonubowo N, et al. Soil quality indicators for intensive vegetable production systems in Java, Indonesia. Ecol Indie,2012,18:218-226
Morari F, Lugato E, Luigi G. Olsen phosphorus, exchangeable cations and salinity in two long-term experiments of northeastern Italy and assessment of soil quality evaluation. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2008,124:85-96
Moscatelli M C, Lagomarsino A, Garzillo A M V,et al. β-Glucosidase kinetic parameters as indicators of soil quality under conventional and organic cropping systems applying two analytical approaches. Ecol Indie,2012,13:322-327
Mueller L, Shepherd G, Schindler U, et al. Evaluation of soil structure in the framework of an overall soil quality rating. Soil Till Res,2013,127:74-84
Mukhopadhyay M, Datta J K, Garai T K. Steps toward alternative farming system in rice. Eur J Agron, 2013,51:18-24
Nambiar K K M, Gupta A P, Fu Q L, et al. Biophysical, chemical and socio-economic indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability in the Chinese coastal zone. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2001,87: 209-214
Nannipieri P, Giagnoni L, Renella G, et al. Soil enzymology:classical and molecular approaches. Biol Fertil Soils,2012,48:743-762
Nannoni F, Rossi S, Protano G. Soil properties and metal accumulation by earthworm in the Siena urban area (Italy). Appl Soil Ecol,2014,77:9-17
Ngo P, Rumpel C, Doan T, et al. The effect of earthworms on carbon storage and soil organic matter composition in tropical soil amended with compost and vermicompost. Soil Biol Biochem,2012, 50:214-220
Noble A D, Gillman G P, Ruaysoongnern S A. Cation exchange index for assessing degradation of acid soil by further acidification under permanent agriculture in the tropics. Eur J Soil Sci,2000,51: 233-243
Nye P H, Greenland D J. The Soil Under Shifting Cultivation. Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Agricultural Bureau, Harpenden, UK,1960.
Ortiz B V, Perry C, Goovaerts P, et al. Geostatistical modeling of the spatial variability and risk areas of southern root-knot nematodes in relation to soil properties. Geroderma,2010,156:243-252
Pan G X, Smith P, Pan W N. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining the productivity and yield stability of cereals in China. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2009,129:344-348
Pandey V C, Singh N. Impact of fly ash incorporation in soil systems. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2010,136: 16-27
Park S C, Smith T J, Bisesi M S. Activities of phosphomonoesterase from Lubricious territories. Soil Biol Biochem,1992,24:873-876
Peigne J, Vian J F, Cannavacciuolo M, et al. Soil sampling based on field spatial variability of soil microbial indicators. Eur J Soil Biol,2009,45:488-495
Qi Y B, Darilek J L, Huang B, et al. Evaluating soil quality indices in an agricultural region of Jiangsu Province, China. Geoderma,2009,149:325-334
Raiesi F, Beheshti A. Soil specific enzyme activity shows more clearly soil responses to paddy rice cultivation than absolute enzyme activity in primary forests of northwest Iran. Appl Soil Ecol,2014, 75:63-70
Rezaei S A, Gilkes R J, Andrews S S. A minimum data set for assessing soil quality in rangelands. Geoderma,2006,136:229-234
Rieuwerts J S, Ashmore M R, Farago M E, et al. The influence of soil characteristics on the extractability of Cd, Pb and Zn in upland and moorland soils. Sci Total Environ,2006,366: 864-875
Romig D E, Garlynd M J, Harris F, et al. How farmers assess soil health and quality. J Soil and Water Converv,1995,50:229-236
Romaniuk R, Giuffre L, Costantini A, et al. Assessment of soil microbial diversity measurements as indicators of soil functioning in organic and conventional horticulture systems. Ecol Indic,2011,11: 1345-1353
Rossi R E, Mulla D J, Journel A G, et al. Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence. Ecol Monogr,1992,62:277-314
Ruth B, Lennartz B. Spatial variability of soil properties and rice yield along two catenas in southeast China. Pedosphere,2008,18:409-420
Sacco D, Cremon C, Zavattaro L, et al. Seasonal variation of soil physical properties under different water managements in irrigated rice. Soil Till Res,2012,118:22-31
Saygm S D, Cornelis W M, Erpul G, et al. Comparison of different aggregate stability approaches for loamy sand soils. Appl Soil Ecol,2012,54:1-6
Schoenholtz S H, Miegroet H V, Burger J A. A review of chemical and physical properties as indicators of forest soil quality:challenges and opportunities. Forest Ecol Manag,2000,138:335-356
Shah Z, Malik W, Bhatti A, et al. Spatial variability of nutrients in wheat plant in sem-arid regions of Northwestern Pakistan. Commun Soil Sci Plan,2013,44:2472-2487
Shukla M K, Lal R, Ebinger M. Determining soil quality indicators by factor analysis. Soil Till Res, 2006,87:194-204
Singh J S, Pandey V C, Singh D P. Coal fly ash and farmyard manure amendments in dry-land paddy agriculture field:Effect on N-dynamics and paddy productivity. Appl Soil Ecol,2011,47:133-140
Six J, Bossuyt H, Degryze S, et al. A history of research on the link between aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Tillage Res,2004,79:7-31
Sizmur T, Palumbo-Roe B, Watts M J, et al. Impact of the earthworm lumbricus terrestris on as, Cu, Pb and Zn mobility and speciation in contaminated soils. Environ Pollut,2011,159:42-748
Smith J L, Halvorson J J, Papendick R I. Using multiple-variable indicators kriging for evaluating soil quality. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1993,57:743-749
Smith J L, Doran J W. Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. In:Doran J W, Jones A J, eds. Methods for assessing soil quality. SSSA, Madison, WI,1996, 169-185
Stocking M A. Tropical soils and food security:the next 50 years. Science,2003,302:1356-1359
Tabatabai M A. Soil enzymes. In:Weaver R W, Angle J S, Bottomley P S, eds. Method of soil analysis, Part 2-Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. SSSA,1994,5:775-833
Tan D S, Jin J X, Jiang L H, et al. Potassium assessment of grain producing soils in North China. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2012,148:65-71
Tang L, Zeng G M, Nourbakhsh F, et al. Aftificial neural network approach for prdicting cation exchange capacity in soil based on physico-chemical properties. Environ Eng Sci,2009,26: 137-146
Tesfahunegn G B, Tamene L, Vlek P L G. A participatory soil quality assessment in Northern Ethiopia's Mai-Negus catchment. Catena,2011a,86:1-13
Tesfahunegn G B, Tamene L, Vlek P L G. Catchment-scale spatial variability of soil properties and implications on site-specific soil management in northern Ethiopia. Soil Till Res,2011b,117: 124-139
Tesfahunegn G B, Tamene L, Vlek P L G. Evaluation of soil quality identified by local farmers in Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. Geoderma,2011c,163:209-218
Trap J, Riah W, Akpa-Vinceslas M, et al. Improved effectiveness and efficiency in measuring soil enzymes as universal soil quality indicators using microplate fluorimetry. Soil Biol Biochem,2012, 45:98-101
Tong C L, Xiao H A, Tang G Y, et al. Long-term fertilizer effects on organic carbon and total nitrogen and coupling relationships of C and N in paddy soils in subtropical China. Soil Tillage Res,2009, 106:8-14
Turco R F, Kennedy A C, Jawson M D. Microbial indicators of soil quality. In:Doran J W, eds. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. SSSA Spec. Publ.35. Madison, WI,1994,73-90
Virgilio N D, Monti A, Venturi G. Spatial variability of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) yield as related to soil parameters in a small field. Field Crop Res,2007,101:232-239
Wang H L, Li C H, Liang Y C. Agricultural utilization of silicon in China. In:Silicon in Agriculture. Datnoff L E, Snyder G H, Korndorfer G H, eds. Elservier Science B V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2001,343-348
Wang J, Chen Y Q, Shao X M, et al. Land-use changes and policy dimension driving forces in China: Present, trend and future. Land Use Policy,2012,29:737-749
Wang S Y, Yu T Q, Wang J L, et al. Preliminary study on spatial variability and distribution of soil available microelements in Pinggu county, Beijing, China. Agr Sci China,2008,7:1235-1244
Wang X C, Lu Q. Beta-glucosidase activity in paddy soils of the taihu lake region, China. Pedosphere, 2006,16:118-124
Wang X J, Gong Z T. Assessment and analysis of soil quality changes after eleven years of reclamation in subtropical China. Geoderma,1998,81:339-355
Wang Z, Chang A C, Wu L, et al. Assessing the soil quality of long-term reclaimed wastewater-irrigated cropland. Geoderma,2003,114:261-278
Warkentin B P. The changing concept of soil quality. J Soil Water Conserv,1995,50:226-228
Weindorf D C, Zhu Y. Spatial variability of soil properties at Capulin Volcano, Mew Mexico, USA: Implications for sampling strategy. Pedosphere,2010,20:185-197
Wendling B, Jucksch I, Mendonca E S, et al. Organic-matter pools of soil under pines and annual cultures. Commun Soil Sci Plan,2010,41:1707-1722
Winding A, Hund-Rinke K, Rutgers M. The use of microorganism in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotox Environ Saf,2005,62:230-248
Wu Y, Ding N, Wang G, et al. Effects of different soil weights, storage times and extraction methods on soil phospholipid fatty acid analyses. Geoderma,2009,150:171-178
Wu C F, Luo Y M, Zhang L M. Variability of copper availability in paddy fields in relation to selected soil properties in southeast China. Geoderma,2010,156:200-206
Xiao Z H. Principal types of low yield paddy soil in China, proceedings of symposium in paddy soil. Science Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1981,151-159
Yang L, Zhang Z C, Cao X C, et al. Response of rice production, milled rice quality and soil properties to various nitrogen inputs and rice straw incorporation under continuous plastic film mulching cultivation. Field Crop Res,2014,155:164-171
Yang Y S, Guo J F, Chen G S, et al. Effects of forest conversion on soil labile organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in subtropical China. Plant Soil,2009,323:153-162
Yao R J, Yang J S, Gao P, et al. Determining minimum data set for soil quality assessment of typical salt-affected farmland in the coastal reclamation area. Soil Till Res,2013,128:137-148
Zalidis G, Stamatiadis S, Takavaoglou V, et al. Impact s of agricultural practices on soil and water quality in the Mediterranean region and proposed assessment methodology. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2002,88:137-146
Zhang H M, Xu M G, Shi X J, et al. Rice yield, potassium uptake and apparent balance under long-term fertilization in rice-based cropping systems in southern China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys,2010,88: 341-349
Zhang X Y, Sui Y Y, Zhang X.D, et al. Spatial variability of nutrient properties in black soil of northeast China. Pedosphere,2007,17:19-29
Zheng S N, Zhang M K. Effect of moisture regime on the redistribution of heavy metals in paddy soil. J Environ Sci,2011,23:434-443
Zhu Q Q, Liu Z. The status of microelements in elation to crop production in paddy soils of China:Ⅲ. Zinc. In:Proceeding of Symposium on Paddy Soils. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York,1981, 635-640
蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华.GIS支持下乡镇域土壤肥力评价和分析.土壤与环境,2000,9(2)：99-102
曹志洪,周建民,等.中国土壤质量.北京：科学出版社,2008
陈琨,秦鱼生,喻华,等.不同耕作方式和施肥处理对冬水田土温、水稻生长和产量的影响.西南农业学报,2012,25(5)：1738-1741
陈世俭,马毅杰.潜育化作用对水稻土磷素形态与供磷能力的影响.土壤通报,2002,33(4)：275-277
董稳军,徐培智,张仁陟,等.土壤改良剂对冷几天土壤特性和水稻群体质量的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(7)：810-816
高祥照,马文奇,崔勇,等.我国耕地土壤养分变化与肥料投入状况.植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4)：363-369
高祥照,马文奇,杜森,等.我国施肥中存在问题的分析.土壤通报,2001,32(6)：258-261
龚子同,周瑞荣.强酸性盐渍水稻土的发生.土壤学报,1964,12(2)：183-191
龚子同,张效朴,韦启璠.我国潜育化水稻土的形成、特性及增产潜力.中国农业科学,1990,23(1)：45-53
古汉虎.水旱轮作改良利用潜育化水稻土的研究.热带亚热带土壤科学.1995,4(2)：79-84
古汉虎.平原湖区潜育化水稻土改良与利用的研究.长江流域资源与环境.1993,2(2)：125-136
何毓蓉.中国紫色土.北京：科学出版社,2003
黄继茂.广东滨海强酸性盐渍水稻土(反酸田)化学特性的研究.土壤学报,1958,6(2)：114-122
黄婷,岳西杰,葛玺祖,等.基于主成分分析的黄土沟壑区土壤肥力质量评价—以长武县耕地土壤为例.干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3)：141-147
黄宇年,陆发熹.广东反酸田土壤硫化学研究.土壤学报,1988,25(2)：101-109
黄泽林,陈琦,任树友.四川农田施肥现状评价与对策研究.西南农业学报,2003,16：12-14
冀建华,刘秀梅,李祖章,等.长期施肥对黄泥田碳和氮及氮素利用的影响.中国农业科学,2011,44(12)：2484-2494
柯建国,陆建飞.深耕改良白浆土的效应研究.扬州大学学报.自然科学版,1998,1(3)：47-49
李伯欣,徐培智,周柏权,等.适宜于改良后酸性田和反酸田的水稻品种筛选试验.广东农业科学,2011,12：13-14
李法云,高子勤.白浆土-植物系统营养物质转化机制及其有效性研究Ⅱ.白浆土无机磷形态变化.应用生态学报,1999,10(4)：419-422
李刚,王友文,蔡家军.冷浸田水稻氮肥优化管理研究.现代农业科技,2012,14：16-20
李庆逵.中国水稻土.北京：科学出版社,1992
李书田,金继运.中国不同区域农田养分输入、输出与平衡.中国农业科学,2011,44(20)：4207-4229
李新举,胡振琪,刘宁,等.基于3S技术的黄河三角洲土壤质量自动化评价方法研究.农业工程学报,2005,21(10)：59-63
廖先苓,何电源,邓世林,等.潜育化水稻土的肥力特征及施肥效应的研究.Ⅱ.潜育化水稻土氮素供应特性及氮素平衡研究.农业现代化研究,1983,3：27-35
廖育林,郑圣先,杨曾平,等.湖南双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土土壤微生物和生物化学性质的研究.水土保持学报,2010,24(4)：222-228
廖宗文,何振富,冯粉红.两种工业废料堆咸酸田改良效果的初步研究.农业环境保护,1991,10(3)：105-107
林增泉,徐鹏,彭佳桂,等.冷浸田类型与改良研究.土壤学报,1986,23(2)：157-162
刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价.生态学报,2006,26(3)：901-913
刘铮.我国土壤中锌含量的分布规律.中国农业科学,1994,27(1)：30-37
林俊文,陈法扬,聂崇礼.江西省潜育化水稻土及其工程治理措施.土壤,1983,3(2)：65-67
龙成风,姚其华,范先鹏,等.棕红壤地区冲垅冷浸田的改造技术及效果.中国农业大学学报,1992,2：108-111
鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京：中国农业科技出版社,2000
鲁如坤,时正元,施建平.我国南方6省农田养分平衡状况评价和动态变化研究.中国农业科学,2000,33(2)：63-67
潘根兴,黄瑞采,丁瑞兴,等.淮北白浆土发育于晚第四纪古地理环境变化.第四纪研究,1995,3：249-257
潘智,章嘉慧,陆丰年,等.重咸酸田的综合治理研究.广西农业大学学报,1993,12(4)：57-62
彭嘉桂,郑仲登,林增泉,等.黄泥田费力特性及其改良利用研究.福建省农科院学报.1986,1(2)：8-15
全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤.北京：中国农业出版社,1998
时常蕴,周慧珍.GIS技术在土壤质量评价中的应用—以江苏市水田为例.土壤学报,2001,38(3)：248-255
苏金平,袁福生,徐昌旭,等.不同施肥方式对冷浸田早稻产量影响研究初报.江西农业学报,2012,24(6)：90-92
孙云云,赵兰坡.土壤质量评价的生物指标及相关性研究进展.中国农学通报,2010,26(5)：116-120
唐晓红,邵景安,黄雪夏,等.垄作免耕下紫色水稻土有机碳的分布特征.土壤学报,2007,44(2)：235-243
陶世栋.不同轮作制对改造次生潜育化水稻土的初步探讨.土壤,1984,3：97-100
王振荣.磷矿粉改良咸酸田的效果.土壤,1980,4：145-147
王飞,林诚,李清华,等.长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田水稻籽粒品质性状与土壤肥力因子的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2)：283-290
汪建飞,李粉茹,金德胜.黄白土的持水特性及施用有机物料的效应研究.水土保持学报,2002,16(2)：133-135
王建生,黄福正,王明德,等.溧阳白土上小麦施钾效应的研究.土壤,1998,4：194-197
吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京：气象出版社,2006
吴新德,戴延寿.安徽池州地区冷浸田的综合改良.土壤,1996,2：62-63
武志杰,丁庆堂,于德清,等.施用有机物料与深松对改良白浆土白浆层效应的研究.土壤通报,1995,26(6)：250-252
夏立忠,傅桦,丁瑞兴.江淮流域白浆化土壤的矿物组成与化学特性的研究.土壤学报,2001,38(3)：229-238
谢坚,郑圣先,杨曾平,等.湖南双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土质量综合评价.中国农业科学,2010,43(23)：4840-4851
熊明彪,舒芬,宋光煜,等.南方丘陵区土壤潜育化的发生与生态环境建设.土壤与环境,2002,11(2)：197-201
徐建明,张甘霖,谢正苗,等.土壤质量指标与评价.北京：科学出版社,2010
许建伟,裘涛,王帅,等.水土保持与土壤质量评价.亚热带水土保持,2009,21(1)：36-39
许仁良,王建峰,张国良,等.秸秆、有机肥及氮肥配合使用对水稻土微生物和有机质含量的影响.生态学报,2010,30(13)：3584-3590
徐芳,钟秋波.中低产田改造是实现我国粮食安全的有效途径.管理世界,12(1)：171-172
徐琪.长江中下游白土的地理分布规律及其形成过程的特点.土壤学报,1962,10(1)：44-54
向万胜,李卫红,童成立.江汉平原农田渍害与土壤潜育化发展现状及治理对策.土壤与环境,2000,9(3)：214-217
徐祥玉,张志毅,王娟,等.起垄和施肥对冷浸田土壤氧化还原状况的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6)：666-673
杨成英.湿润栽培对冷浸田水稻生长发育的影响.云南农业大学学报,1991,6(3)：136-141
杨利,姚其华,范先鹏,等.鄂东南棕红壤丘陵区冷浸田 施用过氧化钙效果.湖南农业科学,1997,4：37-39
杨奇勇,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.基于GIS的耕地土壤养分贫瘠化评价及其障碍因子分析.自然资源学报,2010,25(8)：1375-1384
叶新新,周艳丽,孙波.适于轻度Cd、As污染土壤种植的水稻品种筛选.农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6)：1082-1088
易琼,唐栓虎,黄巧义,等.有机、无机添加剂改良反酸田水稻生长效果研究.中国土壤与肥料,2013,13(3)：31-36
于天仁,谢建昌,杨国治,等.太湖流域低产“白土”的成因及其改良.土壤学报,1959,7(2)：42-58
张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用现状与提高途径.土壤学报,2008,45(5)：916-924
张琳,张凤荣,姜广辉,等.我国中低产田改造的粮食增产潜力与粮食安全保障.农业现代化研究,2005,26(1)：22-25
张平,郑宏刚,余建设.高原地区冷浸田治理技术研究.云南农业大学学报,2005,20(5)：665-669
张鹏飞,田长彦,卞卫国,等.克拉玛依农业开发区土壤质量评价指标的筛选.干旱区研究,2004,21(2)：165-170
张琪,方海兰,黄懿珍,等.土壤阳离子交换量在上海城市土壤质量评价中的应用.土壤,2005,37(6)：679-682
张旭辉,李恋卿,潘根兴.不同轮作制度对淮北白浆土土团聚体及其有机碳的积累与分布的影响.生态学杂志,2001,20(2)：16-19
张振南.潜育化水稻土中还原物质状况、危害指标及其有效调节途径.湖南农业科学.1981,5：35-39
赵玉萍,夏荣基,尚占果,等.综合农业措施改良白浆土的效果初探.北京农业大学学报,1990,16：71-77
中国农业年鉴编委会.中国农业年鉴.北京：中国农业出版社,2012
紫娟娟,廖敏,徐培智,等.我国主要低产水稻冷浸田养分障碍因子特征分析.水土保持学报,2012,26(2)：284-288
紫娟娟,廖敏,徐培智,等.我国主要低产水稻冷浸田土壤微生物特征分析.水土保持学报,2013,27(1)：247-251
朱小平,王义炳,曹翠玉,等.白浆土磷锌关系的研究.南京农业大学学报,1995,18(2)：69-73
朱永官,罗家贤.我国南方一些土壤的钾素状况及其含钾矿物.土壤学报,1994,31(4)：430-438
朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2)：259-273
Ali A M S. Farmers' knowledge of soil and the sustainability of agriculture in a saline water eco-system in Southwestern Bangladesh. Geoderma,2003,111:333-353
Al-Kaisi M M, Yin X H, Licht M A. Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as influenced by tillage and cropping systems in some Iowa soils. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2005,105:635-647
Andrews S S, Carroll C R. Designing a soil quality assessment tool for sustainable agro-ecosystem management. Ecol Appl,2001,11:1573-1585
Andrews S S, Mitchell J P, Mancinelli R, et al. On-farm assessment of soil quality in California's central valley. Agron J,2002,94:12-23
Araujo A S F, Cesarz S, Leite L F C, et al. Soil microbial properties and temporal stability in degraded and restored lands of Northeast Brazil. Soil Biol Biochem,2013,66:175-181
Arshad M A, Coen G M. Characterization of soil quality:physical and chemical criteria. J Sustain Agri, 1992,7:25-31
Arshad M A, Martin S. Identifying critical limits for soil quality indicators in agro-ecosystems. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2002,88:153-160
Aziz I, Ashraf M, Mahmood T, et al. Crop rotation impact on soil quality. Pak J Bot,2011,43:949-960
Aziz I, Mahmood T, Islam K R. Effect of long term no-tillage and conventional tillage practices on soil quality. Soil Till Res,2013,131:28-35
Bandyopadhyay K K, Misra A K, Ghosh P K,et al. Effect of integrated use of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers on soil physical properties and productivity of soybean. Soil Till Res,2010, 110:115-125
Bartz M L C, Pasini A, Brown G G. Earthworm as soil quality indicators in Brazilian no-tillage systems. Appl Soil Ecol,2013,69:39-48
Bastida F, Moreno J L, Hernandez T, et al. Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38:3463-3473
Bastida F, Zsolnay A, Hernandez T, et al. Past, present and future of soil quality indices:A biological perspective. Geoderma,2008,147:159-171
Beare M H, Bruce R R.A comparison of methods for measuring water-stable aggregates:implications for determining environmental effects on soil structure. Geoderma,1993,56,87-104
Bending G D, Turner M K, Rayns F, et al. Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes. Soil Biol Biochem,2004,36:1785-1792
Bhardwaj A K, Jasrotiaa P, Hamiltona S K, et al. Ecological management of intensively cropped agro-ecosystems improves soil quality with sustained productivity. Agri Ecosyst Environ,2011, 140:419-429
Blake G R, Hartge K H. Bulk density, In:Klute A, eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1,2nd edition. ASA, Madison, WI,1986,363-375
Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Thangarajan R, et al. Remediation of heavy metal (loid)s contaminated soils-To mobilize or to immobilize?. J Hazard Mater,2014,266:141-166
Bonanomi G, D'Ascoli R, Antignani V, et al. Assessing soil quality under intensive cultivation and tree orchards in Southern Italy. Appl Soil Ecol,2011,47:184-194.
Bouma J, Finke P A. In:Robert P C, Rust R H, Larson W F, eds. Origin and Nature of Soil Resource Variability. Soil Specific Crop Management. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI,1993,3-14
Bowles T M, Acosta-Martinez V, Calderon F, et al. Soil enzyme activities, microbial communities, and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape. Soil Biol Biochem,2014,68:252-262
Brady N C. The Nature and Properties of Soil.8th edition. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1974,639
Brar B S, Singh K, Dheri G S, et al. Carbon sequestration and soil carbon pools in a rice-wheat cropping system:Effect of long-term use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure. Soil Till Res, 2013,128:30-36
Brejda J J, Moorman T B, Karlen D L, et al. Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators. I. Central and Southern High Plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J,2000,64:2115-2124
Brussaard L, de Ruiter P C, Brown G G. Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2007,121:233-244
Bruun T B, Ole M, Bo E. Linking yields of upland rice in shifting cultivation to fallow length and soil properties. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2006,113:139-149
Brye K R, Slaton N A, Savin M C, et al. Short-term effects of land leveling on soil physical properties and microbial biomass.Soil Soc Am J,2003,67:1405-1417
Calisi A, Zaccarelli N, Lionetto M G, et al. Integrated biomarker analysis in the earthworm lumnricus terestris:Application to the monitoring of soil heavy metal pollution. Chemosphere,2013,90: 2637-2644
Cambardella C A, Karlen D L. Spatial analysis of soil fertility parameters. Precis Agric,1999,1:5-14
Cambardella C A, Moorman T B, Nova J M, et al. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1994,58:1501-1511
Cambule A H, Rossiter D G, Stoorvogel J J, et al. Soil organic carbon stocks in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique:Amount, spatial distribution and uncertainty. Geoderma,2014,213:46-56
Carter M R, Sanderson J B, Ivany J A, et al. Influence of rotation and tillage on forage maize productivity, weed species, and soil quality of a fine sandy loam in the cool-humid climate of Atlantic Canada. Soil Till Res,1986,67:85-98
Chen Y D, Wang H Y, Zhou J M, et al. Minimum data set for assessing soil quality in farmland of northeast China. Pedosphere,2013,23:564-576
Chilima J, Huang C Y, Wu C F. Microbial biomass carbon trends in black and red soils under single straw application; effect of straw placement, mineral N addition and tillage. Pedosphere,2002,12: 59-72
Choosai C, Pascal J, Yupa H, et al. Effects of earthworms on soil properties and rice production in the rainfed paddy fields of Northeast Thailand. Appl Soil Ecol,2010,45:298-303
Das B, Chakraborty D, Singh V K, et al. Effect of integrated nutrient management practice on soil aggregate properties, its stability and aggregate-associated carbon content in an intensive rice-wheat system. Soil Till Res,2014,136:9-18
DeForest J L. The influence of time, storage temperature, and substrate age on potential soil enzyme activity in acidic forest soils using MUB-linked substrates and L-DOPA. Soil Biol Biochem,2009, 41:1180-1186
D"Hose T, Cougnon M, Vliegher A D, et al. The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production:A case study on the effect of farm compost application. Appl Soil Ecol,2014,75: 189-198
Ditzler C A, Tugel A J. Soil quality field tools:experiences of USDA-NRCS soil quality institute. Agron J,2002,94:33-38
Doran J W. Soil health and global sustainability:translating science into practice. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2002,88:119-127
Doran J W, Zeiss M R. Soil health and sustainability:managing the biotic component of soil uality, Appl Soil Ecol,2000,15:3-11
Doran J W, Parkin B T. Defining and assessing soil quality. In:Doran, J W, Coleman D C, Ezdicek D F, Stewart B A, eds. Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. SSSA Spec. Publ.35. Madison, WI, USA,1994,3-21
Doran J W, Parkin B T. Quantitative indictors of soil quality:A minimum data set. In:Doran A J, eds. Methods for assessing soil quality. Special Publication. SSSA,1996,49:25-37
Eivazi F, Tabatabai M A. Glucosidases and galactosidases in soils. Soil Biol Biochem,1988,20: 601-606
Elhottova D, Szili-Kovacs T, Triska J. Soil microbial community of abandoned sand fields. Foia Microbiol,2002,47:435-440
Emery X, Ortiz J M. Weighted sample variograms as a tool to better assess the spatial variability of soil properties. Geoderma,2007,140:81-89
Epelde L, Burges A, Mijangos I, et al. Microbial properties and attributes of ecological relevance for soil quality monitoring during a chemical stabilization field study. Appl Soil Ecol,2014,75:1-12
Ericksen P J, Ardon M. Similarities and differences between farmer and scientist views on soil quality issues in central Honduras. Geoderma,2003,111:233-248
Ernst O, Siri-Prieto G. Impact of perennial pasture and tillage systems on carbon input and soil quality indicators. Soil Till Res,2009,105:260-268
Ersahin S. Assessment of spatial variability in nitrate leaching to reduce nitrogen fertilizers impact on water quality. Agr Water Manage,2001,48:179-189
Fernandez-Ugalde O, Virto I, Bescana P, et al. No-tillage improvement of soil physical quality in calcareous, degradation-prone, semiarid soils. Soil Till Res,2009,106:29-35
FlieBbach A, Oberholzer H R, Gunst L, et al. Soil organic matter and biological soil quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2007,118:273-284
Flores-Delgadillo L, Fedick S, Solleiro-Reboledo E, et al. A sustainable system of a traditional precision agriculture in a Maya homegarden:Soil quality aspects. Soil Till Res,2011,113:112-120
Finkenbein P, Kretschmer K, Kuka K, et al. Soil enzyme activities as bioindicators for substrate quality in revegetation of a subtropical coal mining dump. Soil Biol Biochem,2013,56:87-89
Fu B J, Liu S L, Chen L D, et al. Soil quality regime in relation to land cover and slope position across a highly modified slope landscape. Ecol Res,2004,19:111-118
Fu W J, Tunney H, Zhang C S. Spatial variation of soil nutrients in a dairy farm and its implications for site-specific fertilizer application. Soil Till Res,2010,106:785-193
Garcia-Gil J C, Plaza C, Soler-Rovira P, et al. Long-term effects of municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass. Soil Biol Biochem,2000,32: 1907-1913
Garcia-Ruiz R, Ochoa V, Hinojosa M B, et al. Suitability of enzyme activities for the monitoring of soil quality improvement in organic agricultural systems. Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40:2137-2145
Gee G W, Bauder J W. Particle-size analysis, In:Klute A, eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1,2nd edition. ASA, SSSA, Madison,WI,1986,383-411
Giacometti C, Cavani L, Baldoni G, et al. Microplate-scale fluorometric soil enzyme assays as tools to assess soil quality in a long-term agricultural field experiment. Appl Soil Ecol,2014,75:80-85
Giacometti C, Demyan M S, Cavani L, et al. Chemical and microbiological soil quality indicators and their potential to differentiate fertilization regimes in temperate agro-ecosystems. Appl Soil Ecol, 2013,64:32-48
Glover J D, Reganold J P, Andrews P K. Systematic method for rating soil quality of conventional, organic, and integrated apple orchards in Washington State. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2000,80:29-45
Gong Z T, Zhang X L, Chen J, et al. Origin and development of soil science in ancient China. Geoderma,2003,115:3-13
Goovaerts P. Geostatistics in soil science:state-of-the-art and perspectives. Geoderma,1999,89:1-45
Govaerts B, Sayre K D, Deckers J. A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize cropping in the highlands of Mexico. Soil Till Res,2006,87:163-174
Gray L C, Morant P. Reconciling indigenous knowledge with scientific assessment of soil fertility changes in southwestern Burkina Faso. Geoderma,2003,111:425-437
Guimaraaes D V, Gonzaga M I S, Silva T O, et al. Soil organic matter pools and carbon fractions in soil under different land uses. Soil Till Res,2013,126:177-182
Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science,2010, 327:1008-1010
Harris R F, Bezdicek D F. Descriptive aspects of soil quality. In:Doran J W, eds. Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison, WI, SSSA,1994,23-35
Haynes, R.J. Labile organic matter as an indicator of organic matter quality in arable and pastoral soils in New Zealand. Soil Biol Biochem,2000,32:211-219
Hidetoshi A, Benjamin K S, Haefele M S, et al. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crop Res, 2009,111:81-84
Hien P D, Dung B D, Phien T. Redistributions of 137Cs and soil components on cultivated hill slopes with hedgerows as conservation measures. Soil Till Res,2013,128:149-154
Hofman J, Dusek L. Biochemical analysis of soil organic matter and microbial biomass composition-a pilot study. Eur J Soil Biol,2003,39:217-224
Hong H N, Rumpel C, Tureaux T H, et al. How do earthworms influence organic matter quantity and quality in tropical soils. Soil Biol Biochem,2011,43:223-230
Huang B, Sun W X, Zhao Y C, et al. Temporal and spatial variability of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in an agricultural ecosystem as affected by farming practices. Geoderma,2007,139: 336-345
Huang M, Jiang L G, Zou Y B, et al. Changes in soil microbial properties with no-tillage in Chinese cropping systems. Biol Fertil Soils,2013,49:373-377
Huang M, Zou Y B, Feng Y H, et al. No-tillage and direct seeding for super hydrid rice production in rice-oilseed rape cropping system. Eur J Agron,2011,34:278-286
Hurni H. Assessing sustainable land management (SLM). Agr Ecosyst Environ,2000,81:83-92
Ilstedt U, Giesler R, Nordgren A, et al. Changes in soil chemical and microbial properties after a wildfire in a tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia. Soil Biol Biochem,2003,35:1071-1078
Ishii N, Uchida S. Gram-negative bacteria responsible for insoluble technetium formation and the fate of insoluble Tc in the water column above flooded paddy soil. Chemosphere,2005,60:157-163
Jalali M. Spatial variability in potassium release among calcareous soils of western Iran. Geoderma, 2007,140:42-51
Jimenez M P, Horra A M, Pruzzo L, et al. Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters. Biol Fert Soils,2002,35:302-306
Jin J Y, Jiang C. Spatial variability of soil nutrients and site specific nutrient management in the P.R. China. Comput Electron Agr,2002,36:165-172
Johnson R A, Wichern D W. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,1992
Jones, D.L., Simfukwe, P., Hill, P.W., Mills, R.T.E., Emmett, B.A. Evaluation of dissolved organic carbon as a soil quality indicator in national monitroing schemes. Plos One,2014,9(3):e90882
Jouquet P, Zangerle A, Rumpel C, et al. Relevance and limitations of biogenic and physicogenic classification:acomparison of approaches for differentiating the origin of soil aggregates. Eur J Soil Sci,2009,60:1117-1125
Kamprath E J, Watson M E. Conventional soil and tissue tests for assessing the phosphorus status of soil. In:Khasawneh F E, Sample E C, Hamprath E J, eds. The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture. Madison, WI:SSSA,1980,443-469
Karlen D L, Andrews S S, Doran J W, et al. Soil quality-humankinds foundation for survival. J Soil Water Conserv,2003,58:171-179
Karien D L, Mausbach M J, Doran J W, et al. Soil quality:a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1997,61:4-10
Kaschuk G, Alberton O, Hungria M. Three decades of soil microbial biomass studies in Brazilian ecosystems:Lessons learned about soil quality and indications for improving sustainability. Soil Bio Biochem,2010,42:1-13
Khan S, Hanjra M A, Mu J X. Water management and crop production for food security in China:A review. Agr Water Manage,2009,96:349-360
Kozdroj J, van Elsas J D. Structural diversity of microorganisms in chemically perturbed soil assessed by molecular and cytochemical approaches. J Microbiol Meth,2001,43:197-212
Kwansoo K, Barham B L, Coxhead I. Measuring soil quality dynamics:A role for economists, and implications for economic analysis. Agr Econ,2001,25:13-26
Laird D A, Fleming P, Davis D D, et al. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midweatern agricultural soil. Geoderma,2010,158:443-449
Lal R. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma,2004,123:1-22
Lal R. Enhancing crop yields in the developing countries through restoration of the soil organic carbon pool in agricultural lands. Land Degrad Dev,2006,17:197-209
Larson W E, Pierce F J. Conservation and enhancement of soil quality. In:Elliott C R, eds. Evaluation for Sustainable Land Management in the Developing Word. Bangkok, Thailand:International Board for Soil Research and Management,1991,175-203
Lehmann J, da Silva J J P, Steiner C. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin:fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant Soil,2003,249:343-357
Lehmann J. Bio-energy in the black. Front Ecol Environ,2007,5:381-387
Li C F, Yue L X, Kou Z K, et al. Short-term effects of conservation management practices on soil labile organic carbon fractions under a rape-rice rotation in central China. Soil Till. Res,2012,119: 31-37
Li P, Zhang T L, Wang X X, et al. Development of biological soil quality indicator system for subtropical China. Soil Till Res,2013,126:112-118
Li Y, Shi Z, Li F. Delineation of site-speicific management zones based on temporal and spatial variability f soil electrical conductivity. Pedosphere,2007,17:156-164
Li Z J, Xu J M, Tang C X. Application of 16S rDNA-PCR amplification and DGGE fingerprinting for detection of shift in microbial community diversity in Cu, Zn and Cd contaminated paddy soils. Chemosphere,2006,62:1374-1380
Li Z P, Liu M, Wu X C, et al. Effect of long-term chemical fertilization and organic amendments on dynamics of soil organic C and total N in paddy soil derived from barren land in subtropical China. Soil Till Res,2010,106:268-274
Liang Y C, Sun W C, Zhu Y G, et al. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants:A review. Environ Pollut,2007,147:422-428
Lichtenberg E, Ding C R. Assessing farmland protection policy in China. Land Use Policy,2008,25: 59-68
Liebig M A, Varvel G, Doran J W. A simple performance-based index for assessing multiple agro-ecosystem functions. Agron J,2001,93:313-318
Lima A C R, Hoogmoed W B, Pauletto E A, et al. Management systems in irrigated rice affect physical and chemical soil properties. Soil Till Res,2009,103:92-97
Lima A C R, Hoogmoed W B, Brussaard L, et al. Farmers'assessment of soil quality in rice production systems. NJAS-Wagen J Life Sc,2011,58:31-38
Lima A C R, Brussaard L, Totola M R, et al. A function evaluation of three indicator sets for assessing soil quality. Appl Soil Ecol,2013,64:194-200
Lin J S, Shi X Z, Lu X X, et al. Storage and spatial variation of phosphorus in paddy soils of China. Pedosphere,2009,19:790-798
Liu D W, Wang Z M, Zhang B, et al. Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and analysis of related factors in croplands of the black soil region, Northeast China. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2006,113: 73-81
Liu E K, Yan C R, Mei X R. Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer, straw, and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northeast China. Geoderma,2010,158:173-280
Liu M, Li Z P, Zhang Z L, et al. Discrepancy in response of rice yield and soil fertility to long-term chemical fertilization and organic amendments in paddy soils cultivated from infertile upland in subtropical China. Agr Sci China,2011,10:259-266
Liu X M, Zhang W W, Zhang M H, et al. Spatio-temporal variations of soil nutrients by an altered land tenure system in China. Geoderma,2009,152:223-34
Liu Z P, Shao M A, Wang Y Q. Spatial patterns of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus across the entire Loess Plateau region of China. Geoderma,2013,198:67-78
Liu Z J, Zhou W, Shen J B, et al. Soil quality assessment of acid sulfate paddy soils with different productivity in Guangdong Province, China. J Integr Agr,2014,13:177-186
Livera J D, Mike J M, Ganga M H, et al. Cadmium solubility in paddy soils:Effects of soil oxidation, metal sulfides and competitive ions. Sci Total Environ,2011,409:1489-1497
Livia B, Uwe L, Frank B. Microbial biomass, enzyme activity and microbial community structure in two European long-term field experiments. Agric Ecosyst Environ,2005,109:145-152
Logsdon S D, Karlen D L. Bulk density as a soil quality indicator during conversion to no-tillage. Geoderma,2004,78:143-149
Ma J F, Yanmaji N. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci,2006,11: 392-397
Mabit L, Bernard C, Makhlouf M, et al. Spatial variability of erosion and soil organic matter content estimated from 137Cs measurements and geostatistics. Geoderma,2008,145:245-251
Manlay R J, Feller C, Swift M J. Historical evolution of soil organic matter concepts and their relationships with the fertility and sustainability of cropping systems. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2007, 119:217-233
Marx M C, Wood M, Jarvis S C. A microplate fluorimetric assay for the study of enzyme diversity in soils. Soil Biol Biochem,2001,33:1633-1640
Marzaioli R, D'Ascoli R, de Pascale R A, et al. Soil quality in a Mediterranean area of southern Italy as related to different lad use types. Appl Soil Ecol,2010,44:205-212
Masto R E, Chhonkar P K, Singh D, et al. Changes in soil biological and biochemical characteristics in the long-term field trial on a sub-tropical inceptisol. Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38:1557-1582
McGrath D, Zhang C S, Carton O T. Geostatistical analyses and hazard assessment on soil lead in Silvermines area, Ireland. Environ Pollut,2004,127:239-248
Moeskops B, Buchan D, Sleutel S, et al. Soil microbial communities and activities under intensive organic and conventional vegetable farming in West Java, Indonesia. Appl Soil Ecol,2010,45: 112-120
Moeskops B, Buchan D, Sukristiyonubowo N, et al. Soil quality indicators for intensive vegetable production systems in Java, Indonesia. Ecol Indie,2012,18:218-226
Morari F, Lugato E, Luigi G. Olsen phosphorus, exchangeable cations and salinity in two long-term experiments of northeastern Italy and assessment of soil quality evaluation. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2008,124:85-96
Moscatelli M C, Lagomarsino A, Garzillo A M V,et al. β-Glucosidase kinetic parameters as indicators of soil quality under conventional and organic cropping systems applying two analytical approaches. Ecol Indie,2012,13:322-327
Mueller L, Shepherd G, Schindler U, et al. Evaluation of soil structure in the framework of an overall soil quality rating. Soil Till Res,2013,127:74-84
Mukhopadhyay M, Datta J K, Garai T K. Steps toward alternative farming system in rice. Eur J Agron, 2013,51:18-24
Nambiar K K M, Gupta A P, Fu Q L, et al. Biophysical, chemical and socio-economic indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability in the Chinese coastal zone. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2001,87: 209-214
Nannipieri P, Giagnoni L, Renella G, et al. Soil enzymology:classical and molecular approaches. Biol Fertil Soils,2012,48:743-762
Nannoni F, Rossi S, Protano G. Soil properties and metal accumulation by earthworm in the Siena urban area (Italy). Appl Soil Ecol,2014,77:9-17
Ngo P, Rumpel C, Doan T, et al. The effect of earthworms on carbon storage and soil organic matter composition in tropical soil amended with compost and vermicompost. Soil Biol Biochem,2012, 50:214-220
Noble A D, Gillman G P, Ruaysoongnern S A. Cation exchange index for assessing degradation of acid soil by further acidification under permanent agriculture in the tropics. Eur J Soil Sci,2000,51: 233-243
Nye P H, Greenland D J. The Soil Under Shifting Cultivation. Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Agricultural Bureau, Harpenden, UK,1960.
Ortiz B V, Perry C, Goovaerts P, et al. Geostatistical modeling of the spatial variability and risk areas of southern root-knot nematodes in relation to soil properties. Geroderma,2010,156:243-252
Pan G X, Smith P, Pan W N. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining the productivity and yield stability of cereals in China. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2009,129:344-348
Pandey V C, Singh N. Impact of fly ash incorporation in soil systems. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2010,136: 16-27
Park S C, Smith T J, Bisesi M S. Activities of phosphomonoesterase from Lubricious territories. Soil Biol Biochem,1992,24:873-876
Peigne J, Vian J F, Cannavacciuolo M, et al. Soil sampling based on field spatial variability of soil microbial indicators. Eur J Soil Biol,2009,45:488-495
Qi Y B, Darilek J L, Huang B, et al. Evaluating soil quality indices in an agricultural region of Jiangsu Province, China. Geoderma,2009,149:325-334
Raiesi F, Beheshti A. Soil specific enzyme activity shows more clearly soil responses to paddy rice cultivation than absolute enzyme activity in primary forests of northwest Iran. Appl Soil Ecol,2014, 75:63-70
Rezaei S A, Gilkes R J, Andrews S S. A minimum data set for assessing soil quality in rangelands. Geoderma,2006,136:229-234
Rieuwerts J S, Ashmore M R, Farago M E, et al. The influence of soil characteristics on the extractability of Cd, Pb and Zn in upland and moorland soils. Sci Total Environ,2006,366: 864-875
Romig D E, Garlynd M J, Harris F, et al. How farmers assess soil health and quality. J Soil and Water Converv,1995,50:229-236
Romaniuk R, Giuffre L, Costantini A, et al. Assessment of soil microbial diversity measurements as indicators of soil functioning in organic and conventional horticulture systems. Ecol Indic,2011,11: 1345-1353
Rossi R E, Mulla D J, Journel A G, et al. Geostatistical tools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence. Ecol Monogr,1992,62:277-314
Ruth B, Lennartz B. Spatial variability of soil properties and rice yield along two catenas in southeast China. Pedosphere,2008,18:409-420
Sacco D, Cremon C, Zavattaro L, et al. Seasonal variation of soil physical properties under different water managements in irrigated rice. Soil Till Res,2012,118:22-31
Saygm S D, Cornelis W M, Erpul G, et al. Comparison of different aggregate stability approaches for loamy sand soils. Appl Soil Ecol,2012,54:1-6
Schoenholtz S H, Miegroet H V, Burger J A. A review of chemical and physical properties as indicators of forest soil quality:challenges and opportunities. Forest Ecol Manag,2000,138:335-356
Shah Z, Malik W, Bhatti A, et al. Spatial variability of nutrients in wheat plant in sem-arid regions of Northwestern Pakistan. Commun Soil Sci Plan,2013,44:2472-2487
Shukla M K, Lal R, Ebinger M. Determining soil quality indicators by factor analysis. Soil Till Res, 2006,87:194-204
Singh J S, Pandey V C, Singh D P. Coal fly ash and farmyard manure amendments in dry-land paddy agriculture field:Effect on N-dynamics and paddy productivity. Appl Soil Ecol,2011,47:133-140
Six J, Bossuyt H, Degryze S, et al. A history of research on the link between aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Tillage Res,2004,79:7-31
Sizmur T, Palumbo-Roe B, Watts M J, et al. Impact of the earthworm lumbricus terrestris on as, Cu, Pb and Zn mobility and speciation in contaminated soils. Environ Pollut,2011,159:42-748
Smith J L, Halvorson J J, Papendick R I. Using multiple-variable indicators kriging for evaluating soil quality. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1993,57:743-749
Smith J L, Doran J W. Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. In:Doran J W, Jones A J, eds. Methods for assessing soil quality. SSSA, Madison, WI,1996, 169-185
Stocking M A. Tropical soils and food security:the next 50 years. Science,2003,302:1356-1359
Tabatabai M A. Soil enzymes. In:Weaver R W, Angle J S, Bottomley P S, eds. Method of soil analysis, Part 2-Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. SSSA,1994,5:775-833
Tan D S, Jin J X, Jiang L H, et al. Potassium assessment of grain producing soils in North China. Agr Ecosyst Environ,2012,148:65-71
Tang L, Zeng G M, Nourbakhsh F, et al. Aftificial neural network approach for prdicting cation exchange capacity in soil based on physico-chemical properties. Environ Eng Sci,2009,26: 137-146
Tesfahunegn G B, Tamene L, Vlek P L G. A participatory soil quality assessment in Northern Ethiopia's Mai-Negus catchment. Catena,2011a,86:1-13
Tesfahunegn G B, Tamene L, Vlek P L G. Catchment-scale spatial variability of soil properties and implications on site-specific soil management in northern Ethiopia. Soil Till Res,2011b,117: 124-139
Tesfahunegn G B, Tamene L, Vlek P L G. Evaluation of soil quality identified by local farmers in Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. Geoderma,2011c,163:209-218
Trap J, Riah W, Akpa-Vinceslas M, et al. Improved effectiveness and efficiency in measuring soil enzymes as universal soil quality indicators using microplate fluorimetry. Soil Biol Biochem,2012, 45:98-101
Tong C L, Xiao H A, Tang G Y, et al. Long-term fertilizer effects on organic carbon and total nitrogen and coupling relationships of C and N in paddy soils in subtropical China. Soil Tillage Res,2009, 106:8-14
Turco R F, Kennedy A C, Jawson M D. Microbial indicators of soil quality. In:Doran J W, eds. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. SSSA Spec. Publ.35. Madison, WI,1994,73-90
Virgilio N D, Monti A, Venturi G. Spatial variability of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) yield as related to soil parameters in a small field. Field Crop Res,2007,101:232-239
Wang H L, Li C H, Liang Y C. Agricultural utilization of silicon in China. In:Silicon in Agriculture. Datnoff L E, Snyder G H, Korndorfer G H, eds. Elservier Science B V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2001,343-348
Wang J, Chen Y Q, Shao X M, et al. Land-use changes and policy dimension driving forces in China: Present, trend and future. Land Use Policy,2012,29:737-749
Wang S Y, Yu T Q, Wang J L, et al. Preliminary study on spatial variability and distribution of soil available microelements in Pinggu county, Beijing, China. Agr Sci China,2008,7:1235-1244
Wang X C, Lu Q. Beta-glucosidase activity in paddy soils of the taihu lake region, China. Pedosphere, 2006,16:118-124
Wang X J, Gong Z T. Assessment and analysis of soil quality changes after eleven years of reclamation in subtropical China. Geoderma,1998,81:339-355
Wang Z, Chang A C, Wu L, et al. Assessing the soil quality of long-term reclaimed wastewater-irrigated cropland. Geoderma,2003,114:261-278
Warkentin B P. The changing concept of soil quality. J Soil Water Conserv,1995,50:226-228
Weindorf D C, Zhu Y. Spatial variability of soil properties at Capulin Volcano, Mew Mexico, USA: Implications for sampling strategy. Pedosphere,2010,20:185-197
Wendling B, Jucksch I, Mendonca E S, et al. Organic-matter pools of soil under pines and annual cultures. Commun Soil Sci Plan,2010,41:1707-1722
Winding A, Hund-Rinke K, Rutgers M. The use of microorganism in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotox Environ Saf,2005,62:230-248
Wu Y, Ding N, Wang G, et al. Effects of different soil weights, storage times and extraction methods on soil phospholipid fatty acid analyses. Geoderma,2009,150:171-178
Wu C F, Luo Y M, Zhang L M. Variability of copper availability in paddy fields in relation to selected soil properties in southeast China. Geoderma,2010,156:200-206
Xiao Z H. Principal types of low yield paddy soil in China, proceedings of symposium in paddy soil. Science Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1981,151-159
Yang L, Zhang Z C, Cao X C, et al. Response of rice production, milled rice quality and soil properties to various nitrogen inputs and rice straw incorporation under continuous plastic film mulching cultivation. Field Crop Res,2014,155:164-171
Yang Y S, Guo J F, Chen G S, et al. Effects of forest conversion on soil labile organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in subtropical China. Plant Soil,2009,323:153-162
Yao R J, Yang J S, Gao P, et al. Determining minimum data set for soil quality assessment of typical salt-affected farmland in the coastal reclamation area. Soil Till Res,2013,128:137-148
Zalidis G, Stamatiadis S, Takavaoglou V, et al. Impact s of agricultural practices on soil and water quality in the Mediterranean region and proposed assessment methodology. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2002,88:137-146
Zhang H M, Xu M G, Shi X J, et al. Rice yield, potassium uptake and apparent balance under long-term fertilization in rice-based cropping systems in southern China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys,2010,88: 341-349
Zhang X Y, Sui Y Y, Zhang X.D, et al. Spatial variability of nutrient properties in black soil of northeast China. Pedosphere,2007,17:19-29
Zheng S N, Zhang M K. Effect of moisture regime on the redistribution of heavy metals in paddy soil. J Environ Sci,2011,23:434-443
Zhu Q Q, Liu Z. The status of microelements in elation to crop production in paddy soils of China:Ⅲ. Zinc. In:Proceeding of Symposium on Paddy Soils. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York,1981, 635-640
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |