农作物秸秆固体成型预处理研究
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摘要
随农作物秸秆固体成型技术在我国的推广应用,更多遗弃的农作物秸秆得到较好的能源化利用。但我国农作物秸秆来源广泛,渠道分散,造成物料中杂质含量较高,且多种物料混杂,另我国农作物常利用塑料地膜覆盖技术,造成农作物秸秆中混入较多残地膜。这些因素影响固体成型加工稳定性,影响成型设备的寿命,也影响成型燃料的理化特性和燃烧特性。本课题研究农作物秸秆固体成型的预处理阶段,研究杂质的来源与分类、去除机制及除杂设备,研究物料混配机理、混配方案。研究混杂残地膜秸秆的燃烧特性,研究其固体成型为燃料后的燃烧排放特性。获得如下结论与成果：
1)研究农作物秸秆固体成型物料杂质及除杂模式。杂质分为金属、塑料织物、>5mm的砂石及<5mm的粉尘等。杂质来源主要有收获,运输等环节的杂质，总含量约为0.3%,因场地清理等管理问题带来的杂质,试验中杂质含量达3%以上。农作物秸秆物料中杂质,可以磁铁除去磁性金属杂质,以绞龙除去塑料织物等软质杂质,>5mm的砂石杂质可用气体分选装置去除,<5mm的粉尘可用滚筒筛分去除。
2)研究农作物秸秆物料粉尘杂质的滚筒筛分,确定筛分参数。农作物秸秆物料筛分中,滚筒筛转速范围为20～32r/min、倾角范围为3-9°最佳,长径比可根据筛分率要求在文中所得拟合曲线进行选择。
3)对农作物秸秆混配燃烧特性及动力学分析进行了研究。加入花生壳的混配物料,在挥发分阶段的活化能有所降低,燃烧的剧烈程度降低,其燃烧特性及动力学参数受花生壳的影响较大；加入小麦秸的混配物料燃烧稳定特性有变差趋向,其燃烧特性及动力学参数受小麦秸的影响较小。
4)农作物秸秆混配固体成型特性研究。花生壳的添加改善了主原料玉米秸的成型特性,小麦秸的添加对于主原料玉米秸成型特性的改善效果不明显。添加花生壳辅料的正交实验表明,花生壳辅料添加比重的较佳范围为10%-20%,混配物料的水分含量较佳范围为21%-24%。
5)秸秆与地膜混合燃烧排放与残留的分析研究。混合物料因加入残地膜,其综合燃烧特性得到改善；混合物料与残地膜燃烧相比,燃烧着火点降低,燃烧时间变长,燃烧更易控制,燃烧充分,可减少发烟量；混合物料在成型为固体成型颗粒燃料后在正常燃烧条件下,CO、SO2、NOx三种气体排放大大降低,改善对环境的影响程度。
With Straw Densified biofuel technology promotion and application in our country, more abandoned crop stalks to get better energy utilization. But the source of widespread crop straw materials, sources of dispersion, resulting in high levels of impurities in the material, and a variety of mixed materials, other crops often use of plastic film mulching technology, resulting in more crop residue mixed with straw mulch. These factors affect the stability of Densified biofuel process, affecting the life of molding equipment, but also affect the physical and chemical properties and combustion characteristics of briquette. In this study, the research Straw Densified biofuel pretreatment stage densifying process, the source of the classification study of impurities, impurity removal mechanisms and equipment, research materials mixed mechanism, mixed programs, research mulch of straw combustion residues mixed with the gas emission characteristics. The results obtained the following conclusions:
1) The crop stalks Densified biofuel material impurities and impurity modes are studied. Straw material impurities into metal, plastic fabrics,>5mm gravel and<5mmof the dust. The main source of impurities harvest, transport and other sectors of impurities, the total content of about0.3%, due to site clearance and other management issues brought impurities trials impurity content up to3%. Straw impurities in the material, magnetic metal impurities can be removed by a magnet to remove the plastic auger and other soft fabric impurities,>5mm gravel sorter available gas impurities removed<5mm available drum screening dust removal.
2) The problem of crop straw drum screening material dust impurities are studied to determine screening parameters. Straw materials screening, the drum sieve speed range20-32r/min, tilt range is3～9°optimum aspect ratio can be selected according to the text obtained in accordance with the screening rate curve fitting requirements.
3) Mixed crop straw combustion characteristics and kinetic analysis were studied. Add peanut shells mixed materials, volatile phases in the activation energy decreased, reducing the intensity of combustion, combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters greatly influenced by peanut shells; adding a small straw combustion stability of mixed materials characteristics tend to have deteriorated, their combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters of wheat straw less affected
4)Densified biofuel characteristics of mixed straw are studied. Add peanut shells improvement of the main raw material of corn stalks forming characteristics, wheat straw added to improve the main raw material of corn stalks forming characteristics ineffective. Add peanut shell materials orthogonal experiments showed that the percentage proportion of peanut shell materials selection to add preferred range is10%to20%, the percentage of moisture content of the material selection is preferably mixed in the range of21%to24%.
5) Analysis of emissions and residues mixed with straw mulch burning. Mixed materials due to residual film integrated combustion characteristics are improved, and the other mixed materials and combustion residue mulch compared to lower the ignition point of combustion, combustion time becomes longer, so easy to control combustion, combustion, can reduce the amount of fat smoke; mix of solid material in the molding after forming particles in the normal combustion of fuel, CO, SO2, NOx emissions of the three gases of combustion greatly reduced, improving the combustion of materials of environmental contamination.
1)研究农作物秸秆固体成型物料杂质及除杂模式。杂质分为金属、塑料织物、>5mm的砂石及<5mm的粉尘等。杂质来源主要有收获,运输等环节的杂质，总含量约为0.3%,因场地清理等管理问题带来的杂质,试验中杂质含量达3%以上。农作物秸秆物料中杂质,可以磁铁除去磁性金属杂质,以绞龙除去塑料织物等软质杂质,>5mm的砂石杂质可用气体分选装置去除,<5mm的粉尘可用滚筒筛分去除。
2)研究农作物秸秆物料粉尘杂质的滚筒筛分,确定筛分参数。农作物秸秆物料筛分中,滚筒筛转速范围为20～32r/min、倾角范围为3-9°最佳,长径比可根据筛分率要求在文中所得拟合曲线进行选择。
3)对农作物秸秆混配燃烧特性及动力学分析进行了研究。加入花生壳的混配物料,在挥发分阶段的活化能有所降低,燃烧的剧烈程度降低,其燃烧特性及动力学参数受花生壳的影响较大；加入小麦秸的混配物料燃烧稳定特性有变差趋向,其燃烧特性及动力学参数受小麦秸的影响较小。
4)农作物秸秆混配固体成型特性研究。花生壳的添加改善了主原料玉米秸的成型特性,小麦秸的添加对于主原料玉米秸成型特性的改善效果不明显。添加花生壳辅料的正交实验表明,花生壳辅料添加比重的较佳范围为10%-20%,混配物料的水分含量较佳范围为21%-24%。
5)秸秆与地膜混合燃烧排放与残留的分析研究。混合物料因加入残地膜,其综合燃烧特性得到改善；混合物料与残地膜燃烧相比,燃烧着火点降低,燃烧时间变长,燃烧更易控制,燃烧充分,可减少发烟量；混合物料在成型为固体成型颗粒燃料后在正常燃烧条件下,CO、SO2、NOx三种气体排放大大降低,改善对环境的影响程度。
With Straw Densified biofuel technology promotion and application in our country, more abandoned crop stalks to get better energy utilization. But the source of widespread crop straw materials, sources of dispersion, resulting in high levels of impurities in the material, and a variety of mixed materials, other crops often use of plastic film mulching technology, resulting in more crop residue mixed with straw mulch. These factors affect the stability of Densified biofuel process, affecting the life of molding equipment, but also affect the physical and chemical properties and combustion characteristics of briquette. In this study, the research Straw Densified biofuel pretreatment stage densifying process, the source of the classification study of impurities, impurity removal mechanisms and equipment, research materials mixed mechanism, mixed programs, research mulch of straw combustion residues mixed with the gas emission characteristics. The results obtained the following conclusions:
1) The crop stalks Densified biofuel material impurities and impurity modes are studied. Straw material impurities into metal, plastic fabrics,>5mm gravel and<5mmof the dust. The main source of impurities harvest, transport and other sectors of impurities, the total content of about0.3%, due to site clearance and other management issues brought impurities trials impurity content up to3%. Straw impurities in the material, magnetic metal impurities can be removed by a magnet to remove the plastic auger and other soft fabric impurities,>5mm gravel sorter available gas impurities removed<5mm available drum screening dust removal.
2) The problem of crop straw drum screening material dust impurities are studied to determine screening parameters. Straw materials screening, the drum sieve speed range20-32r/min, tilt range is3～9°optimum aspect ratio can be selected according to the text obtained in accordance with the screening rate curve fitting requirements.
3) Mixed crop straw combustion characteristics and kinetic analysis were studied. Add peanut shells mixed materials, volatile phases in the activation energy decreased, reducing the intensity of combustion, combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters greatly influenced by peanut shells; adding a small straw combustion stability of mixed materials characteristics tend to have deteriorated, their combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters of wheat straw less affected
4)Densified biofuel characteristics of mixed straw are studied. Add peanut shells improvement of the main raw material of corn stalks forming characteristics, wheat straw added to improve the main raw material of corn stalks forming characteristics ineffective. Add peanut shell materials orthogonal experiments showed that the percentage proportion of peanut shell materials selection to add preferred range is10%to20%, the percentage of moisture content of the material selection is preferably mixed in the range of21%to24%.
5) Analysis of emissions and residues mixed with straw mulch burning. Mixed materials due to residual film integrated combustion characteristics are improved, and the other mixed materials and combustion residue mulch compared to lower the ignition point of combustion, combustion time becomes longer, so easy to control combustion, combustion, can reduce the amount of fat smoke; mix of solid material in the molding after forming particles in the normal combustion of fuel, CO, SO2, NOx emissions of the three gases of combustion greatly reduced, improving the combustion of materials of environmental contamination.
引文
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