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煤矿安全风险预警模型研究及应用效益分析
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摘要
与发达国家相比,我国煤矿安全事故发生率相对较高。瓦斯、水害等安全事故时有发生,这既与我国煤矿复杂的开采条件有关,也与煤矿生产过程中对致灾因素的分析、预测预警及风险预控管理水平有关。
     部分煤炭企业从保障安全生产方面出发,引进了大量安全监测设施和信息化管理软件,这些软硬件设施为煤矿灾害预警与防治和安全管理提供了新手段。但是,这些软硬件设施所提供的安全风险预警信息往往局限于单因素数据,数据信息的时空特性及与煤矿已有地质条件的关系并未得到充分挖掘,其潜在的价值还远未得到深入应用。
     为进一步提高煤矿安全管理水平,实现对水、火、瓦斯等多种灾害的全面预测预警,本文综合分析了煤矿安全方面的研究文献,做了大量的现场调研、数据收集分析工作,基于煤矿安全生产的实际工作要求,构建了安全风险评价指标体系;建立了水、火、瓦斯等煤矿安全风险评判预警模型;通过软硬件集成技术,以评判预警模型为基础,搭建了煤矿安全风险预警应用系统。并通过多专家访谈的形式对系统应用结果进行评价,将评价结果导入到效益分析模型中,进行了系统应用效益评价。
     由效益评价结果看出:煤矿安全风险预警模型应用系统是实现煤矿安全风险超前预测预警的重要手段。它将使企业在创新管理、优化运营、降低成本、提高生产效率等方面得到巨大提升,并将大大降低安全事故发生率,提高了煤炭企业的企业效益、社会效益和经济效益。是科技强安、科技创效,保障煤炭企业向着自动化、信息化两化融合发展的重要保证,具有很高的推广应用价值。
Compare with the developed countries, China's coal mine safety accident rate is still high.This issue is not only associated with the complex mining conditions of coal mine, but alsorelated with techniques of monitoring and disaster risk management during mine productionprocess.
     In order to improve work safety, many coal mine enterprises have introduced the safetymonitoring equipment and information management software, which provide the new tools tocoal mining disaster precaution and safety management. However, the safety risk warninginformation provided by these software and hardware are always confined within singlemonitoring single-factor data, without fully considering the relationship between the data’stime-space feature and mines’ geological condition. Also, the possible values of monitoring dataare still not be revealed and applied.
     In order to improve the safety work management, to realize the prediction, precaution ofwater, fire, gas disaster, and to realize coal mine information management, this dissertationconstructed the risk evaluation index system on staff, equipment and environment and othersafety factors based on on-site investigation; established coal mine safety risk evaluation modelof water, fire, gas; provide the coal mine safety risk early warning decision making system basedon the integration of software and hardware, which is the important basis to an understanding ofthe work safety management. With this system, the dissertation also tracked the quantitativeeffect of safety management and made the social effect model to complete a system applicationbenefit evaluation.
     According to the benefit evaluation, coal mine safety risk precaution model system is animportant channel to realize safety risk prediction and precaution. It can also greatly improveinnovation management, operation optimization, cost deduction, efficiency. It also can decreasethe accident rate greatly, improve the companies’ social and economic benefits. It can alsoensure safety improvement by technology, technical innovation, and also ensure coal mineenterprise to develop, mixing automation with the information, so it is of high applicable value.
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