辽河干流输沙水量研究
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摘要
辽河流域有其独特的自然与人文环境及特点,目前,辽河干流水资源短缺与河道泥沙沉积问题同时存在,已经严重威胁到了该区工农业生产的可持续发展。然而,目前辽河干流输沙水量规律研究较少,理论基础缺乏。鉴于此,论文将研究区域定位在辽河干流,将研究内容确定为水沙规律探索,并应用多种比选计算方法,深入探索辽河干流输沙水量计算方法及水资源科学配置模式。
论文从自然地理、人文环境、河道演变、洪水过程等环境特征研究入手,对辽河干流未来河道发展趋势进行了研判,对辽河干流径流与水资源、10种(0.007、0.01、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0mm)粒径泥沙特性及径流与泥沙之间的关系,7个组别(<0.007mm,0.007～0.01mm,0.01～0.025mm,0.025～0.05m,0.05～0.1mm,0.1～0.25mm,>0.25mm)粒径泥沙在水、沙两相流中的作用,悬移质泥沙沿程、随时间泥沙颗粒分布特征,以及床沙颗粒特征进行了全面分析。明晰了辽河干流上游将继续冲刷下切、中游保持基本稳定、下游处于持续淤积的趋势,下垫面、降雨和人为活动是辽河干流泥沙问题形成的主要原因。辽河干流有“东水西沙”的分布特点,泥沙沿程呈现由粗到细的特点。丰水期悬移质泥沙粒径一般小于枯水期泥沙粒径,0.025-0.1m泥沙粒径组是下游河道泥沙沉积的主要成分,0.01～0.1mm泥沙粒径组对输沙水量影响较大。在此基础上,应用含沙量法、河道水沙资料法、净水量法和能量法4种方法对辽河干流输沙水量进行了比选计算,经过综合分析各种计算结果认为,应用净水量计算法对辽河干流输沙水量确定更具指导意义和实践价值。应用净水量法计算出通江口、铁岭、马虎山、平安堡和六间房水文站年平均输沙水量分别为772.1、899.9、2551.5、809.5和1310.9m3/t。辽河下游各站汛期、非汛期、全年的单位输沙水量随时间呈现增大、与汛期平均流量呈对数关系、随着平均流量和来沙系数的增大而减小,随着含沙量的增大而增大。综合研究表明,充分利用冬三月水量、创造平滩流量、针对不同粒径、水库等水利枢纽工程综合调配,才能实现输沙用水和水资源高效利用。
论文针对不同粒径进行输沙水量研究,打破了以往全沙输沙水量研究模式,在研究思路上具有重要的创新价值；将研究内容确定在水沙规律探索方面,为辽河流域有限的水资源得到科学、合理和高效配置,在解决辽河流域泥沙淤积现实问题上具有重要的创新价值；应用多种方法进行比选计算,确保输沙水量计算结果的科学性、准确性,在研究方法上具有重要的创新价值。
Liaohe River Basin has its unique natural and humanistic environment. The shortage of water resources of the trunk stream of Liaohe River and river sediment deposition problems exist at the same time and it has been a serious threat to the sustainable development of industrial and agricultural production in this region. However,at present, research on runoff sediment transport regular pattern for Liaohe River is little. The shortage of theoretical basis seriously restricted the work of water resources management scientifically and effectively. In view of the facts, the trunk stream of Liaohe River will be as the object of study in dissertation. Its research content is exploring the regular between Water and sediment and water demand for transporting sediment in the trunk of Liaohe River, Configuration mode of water resources.
This research analyses the development of the trunk stream of Liaohe River, flow and water resources, the property of sediment(0.007,0.01、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0mm), the relationship between flow and sediment, the effect of sediment (<0.007mm,0.007-0.01mm,0.01-0.025mm,0.025～0.05mm,0.05～0.1mm,0.1～0.25mm,>0.25mm)on two phase flow of water and sediment, the distribution characteristics of Suspended sediment in different distances and bed sediment characteristics in different time. It clears that scouring continues in upstairs, middle reaches is stable and downstairs deposit. Underlying surface, rainfall and human activity are the main causes of sediment in the trunk of Liaohe River. The distribution characteristics of the trunk of Liaohe River is sediment in the west and water in the east, the sediment becomes smaller particles with the growth of distance. The particles of sediment in wet reasons is larger than it in low water period. The sediment in0.025-0.1mm is main components of sediment deposition in downstairs, sediment in0.01～0.1mm influences water demand for sediment transport heavily. On this basis, computing water demand for transporting sediment using concentration method, water and sediment data method, net water method and energy method. The results show net water method is more suitable for water demand for transporting sediment. The water demand for transporting sediment in Tongjiangkou, Tieling, Mahushan, Pinganbao and Liujianfang are772.1、899.9、2551.5、809.5and1310.9m3/t under net water method. The water demand for transporting sediment in high and low water period in every station in Liaohe River are increasing with the growth of time, decreasing with the growth of mean flow and incoming sediment coefficient, increasing with the growth of sediment concentration. The research shows that only making full use of water in winter, creating bankfull discharge, integrated deployment depending on different particles and water conservancy project can we realize efficient utilization of water resources.
The research studies on the different particle size water demand for transporting sediment, breaking the previous research model. The study has important innovative value on the research idea; This research is to explore the regular between water and sediment scheme of water resources in Liao river to use limited water resources rationally scientific efficiently. It is important innovation on solving practical problems in Liao river sediment deposition. The import innovativeness of this research is using multiple methods to ensure the Scientificity and accuracy of water demand for transporting sediment.
论文从自然地理、人文环境、河道演变、洪水过程等环境特征研究入手,对辽河干流未来河道发展趋势进行了研判,对辽河干流径流与水资源、10种(0.007、0.01、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0mm)粒径泥沙特性及径流与泥沙之间的关系,7个组别(<0.007mm,0.007～0.01mm,0.01～0.025mm,0.025～0.05m,0.05～0.1mm,0.1～0.25mm,>0.25mm)粒径泥沙在水、沙两相流中的作用,悬移质泥沙沿程、随时间泥沙颗粒分布特征,以及床沙颗粒特征进行了全面分析。明晰了辽河干流上游将继续冲刷下切、中游保持基本稳定、下游处于持续淤积的趋势,下垫面、降雨和人为活动是辽河干流泥沙问题形成的主要原因。辽河干流有“东水西沙”的分布特点,泥沙沿程呈现由粗到细的特点。丰水期悬移质泥沙粒径一般小于枯水期泥沙粒径,0.025-0.1m泥沙粒径组是下游河道泥沙沉积的主要成分,0.01～0.1mm泥沙粒径组对输沙水量影响较大。在此基础上,应用含沙量法、河道水沙资料法、净水量法和能量法4种方法对辽河干流输沙水量进行了比选计算,经过综合分析各种计算结果认为,应用净水量计算法对辽河干流输沙水量确定更具指导意义和实践价值。应用净水量法计算出通江口、铁岭、马虎山、平安堡和六间房水文站年平均输沙水量分别为772.1、899.9、2551.5、809.5和1310.9m3/t。辽河下游各站汛期、非汛期、全年的单位输沙水量随时间呈现增大、与汛期平均流量呈对数关系、随着平均流量和来沙系数的增大而减小,随着含沙量的增大而增大。综合研究表明,充分利用冬三月水量、创造平滩流量、针对不同粒径、水库等水利枢纽工程综合调配,才能实现输沙用水和水资源高效利用。
论文针对不同粒径进行输沙水量研究,打破了以往全沙输沙水量研究模式,在研究思路上具有重要的创新价值；将研究内容确定在水沙规律探索方面,为辽河流域有限的水资源得到科学、合理和高效配置,在解决辽河流域泥沙淤积现实问题上具有重要的创新价值；应用多种方法进行比选计算,确保输沙水量计算结果的科学性、准确性,在研究方法上具有重要的创新价值。
Liaohe River Basin has its unique natural and humanistic environment. The shortage of water resources of the trunk stream of Liaohe River and river sediment deposition problems exist at the same time and it has been a serious threat to the sustainable development of industrial and agricultural production in this region. However,at present, research on runoff sediment transport regular pattern for Liaohe River is little. The shortage of theoretical basis seriously restricted the work of water resources management scientifically and effectively. In view of the facts, the trunk stream of Liaohe River will be as the object of study in dissertation. Its research content is exploring the regular between Water and sediment and water demand for transporting sediment in the trunk of Liaohe River, Configuration mode of water resources.
This research analyses the development of the trunk stream of Liaohe River, flow and water resources, the property of sediment(0.007,0.01、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0mm), the relationship between flow and sediment, the effect of sediment (<0.007mm,0.007-0.01mm,0.01-0.025mm,0.025～0.05mm,0.05～0.1mm,0.1～0.25mm,>0.25mm)on two phase flow of water and sediment, the distribution characteristics of Suspended sediment in different distances and bed sediment characteristics in different time. It clears that scouring continues in upstairs, middle reaches is stable and downstairs deposit. Underlying surface, rainfall and human activity are the main causes of sediment in the trunk of Liaohe River. The distribution characteristics of the trunk of Liaohe River is sediment in the west and water in the east, the sediment becomes smaller particles with the growth of distance. The particles of sediment in wet reasons is larger than it in low water period. The sediment in0.025-0.1mm is main components of sediment deposition in downstairs, sediment in0.01～0.1mm influences water demand for sediment transport heavily. On this basis, computing water demand for transporting sediment using concentration method, water and sediment data method, net water method and energy method. The results show net water method is more suitable for water demand for transporting sediment. The water demand for transporting sediment in Tongjiangkou, Tieling, Mahushan, Pinganbao and Liujianfang are772.1、899.9、2551.5、809.5and1310.9m3/t under net water method. The water demand for transporting sediment in high and low water period in every station in Liaohe River are increasing with the growth of time, decreasing with the growth of mean flow and incoming sediment coefficient, increasing with the growth of sediment concentration. The research shows that only making full use of water in winter, creating bankfull discharge, integrated deployment depending on different particles and water conservancy project can we realize efficient utilization of water resources.
The research studies on the different particle size water demand for transporting sediment, breaking the previous research model. The study has important innovative value on the research idea; This research is to explore the regular between water and sediment scheme of water resources in Liao river to use limited water resources rationally scientific efficiently. It is important innovation on solving practical problems in Liao river sediment deposition. The import innovativeness of this research is using multiple methods to ensure the Scientificity and accuracy of water demand for transporting sediment.
引文
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