东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区金铜多金属矿成矿规律与成矿预测
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摘要
东准噶尔卡拉麦里成矿带地处我国新疆东北部，夹持于阿尔泰山与天山之间，大地构造上处于中亚造山带的中段，显生宙以来历经了漫长而复杂的构造演化史，造就了区内丰富多彩且独具特色的构造、沉积、岩浆类型和特征，为区内成矿奠定了良好的物源、动力和空间基础，区域成矿条件可与中亚成矿域哈萨克斯坦、西准噶尔等地区相类比，属中亚成矿域环巴尔喀什-准噶尔金铜多金属巨型成矿带的重要组成部分，找矿前景看好。
近年来，随着1:5万区域地质调查、国家305项目、国土资源大调查和找矿远景区评价项目的相继实施和完成，区内积累了大量的地质、地球化学、地球物理和遥感等基础性地质资料。但与东部发达地区相比，地质工作程度仍处于较低水平，仍有一些基础性的地质问题没有很好解决，运用新理论新方法指导区域地质找矿工作还相对薄弱。
本文在广泛收集、消化和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，结合野外地质调查和样品分析测试，采用基础地质研究为先导，定性+定量分析为手段的工作方法，明确了东准噶尔地区晚古生代区域构造演化历史，并以最新的成矿规律和成矿预测理论为指导，查明了研究区主要矿床类型，划分了成矿系列，提取了多元地学成矿信息，总结了成矿规律和控矿因素，建立综合信息成矿预测模型，优选了成矿预测模型方法，以MAPGIS6.7软件和矿产资源预测评价专家系统（MORPAS3.0、GeoDas4.0）为平台对研究区矿产资源进行了定位预测研究，圈定了有利找矿靶区，并进行了评价。本论文取得的主要成果和认识如下：
1.依据最新的区域调查和科研成果，修编和完善了研究区地质矿产底图，并建立了多元地学空间信息数据库。
2.以基础地质研究为出发点，通过对研究区及相关区域地层、构造和岩浆岩开展系统的沉积地层学、构造年代学、岩石学、岩相学、岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学和年代学的综合研究，提出：①准噶尔盆地基底的主体可能由底侵的幔源物质+拼合的玄武质洋壳和岛弧体系组成。②~320Ma，东准噶尔地区古亚洲洋还未完全闭合，洋-陆相互作用构造体制依然存在，区内广泛出露的石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩-次火山侵入岩实为古亚洲洋持续南向哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块俯冲消减，引发弧后扩张的结果。③~310Ma，卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的弧后盆地并未完全关闭，仅表现为卡拉麦里断裂带北侧部分的消减，南侧实为抬升的残余弧盆。卡拉麦里地区没有发生强烈的陆-陆碰撞造山作用，仅表现为一般的陆-陆拼贴和大规模的NW-SE向右行剪切走滑作用。区内黄羊山岩体可能就是该走滑拉伸作用下的产物。④东准噶尔地区石炭纪中晚期岩浆作用具明显的壳幔混合特征，而且幔源物质丰富，为成矿奠定了良好基础，区域成矿条件可与西准噶尔及哈萨克斯坦等中亚地区相比，找矿前景看好。
3.采用聚类分析法、因子分析法及C-A多重分形方法对研究区20种地球化学元素数据进行了处理和信息提取，绘制了各元素地球化学异常图和组合异常图；参照王世称教授地球物理数据处理方法，对研究区重磁数据进行了处理和图件绘制，并对构造、岩体及区域大地构造单元属性信息进行了提取。同时，结合区域大地构造解析，将研究区以卡拉麦里断裂为界划分为南北两个不同的大地构造单元。
4.依据成矿系列理论，并结合区域最新研究成果和实际工作，将研究区金铜多金属成矿划分为与早-中二叠世韧性剪切带变形变质作用有关的金矿床和与晚石炭世早期中酸性火山-次火山岩有关的铜钼（金）矿床两大成矿系列，并总结了成矿规律和控矿因素。
5.以GIS技术为手段，采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法，提取了研究区两大成矿系列多元成矿信息，并构建了相应综合信息找矿预测评价模型。
6.采取数据驱动为主知识驱动为辅的混合模型方式，首次运用找矿信息量法+模糊证据权法的组合方法，对研究区与早-中二叠世韧性剪切带变形变质作用有关的金矿床开展了成矿定位预测研究，圈定了有利找矿靶区9个，其中A级找矿靶区3个，B级找矿靶区2个，C级找矿靶区4个，并分别进行了评价。
7.采取知识驱动为主数据驱动为辅的混合模型方式，首次将地球化学元素组合异常圈定方法——累加指数法引入区域成矿预测中，并对研究区与晚石炭世早期中酸性火山-次火山岩有关的铜钼（金）矿床进行了成矿定位预测研究，圈定了有利找矿靶区6个，其中A级找矿靶区2个，B级找矿靶区1个，C级找矿靶区3个，并分别进行了评价。
Kalamaily metallogenic belt in East Junggar is located between Altai mountains andTianshan mountains in the northeast part of Xinjiang. Belonging to the central part ofCentral Asian Orogen, it experienced a protracted and complicated tectonic development inPhanerozoic and produced numerous and distinctive types of structure, sediment andmagma, which provided favorable materials, dynamics and space for ore-forming process.As the important part of circum-Balkhash-Junggar Au-Cu polymetallic large metallogenicbelt, Kalamaily metallogenic belt can be well comparable to Kazakhstan and West Junggarareas in Central Asian Metallogenic domain in terms of regional metallogenic conditions,having good ore-prospecting potential.
In recent years, masses of basic geological data related to geology, geochemistry andremote sensing have been accumulated, with the implementation and accomplishment of1:50000regional geological survey, National Project305, land and resource survey andprospecting potential area evaluation project, which builds up a better foundation for oreprospecting. However, this region still remains a low geological research level comparedwith the eastern developed regions. Some fundamental geological problems have not beenwell settled and researches on metallogenic regularity and prediction carried out by new oreprospecting theory and method are also insufficient relatively.
On the basis of collecting, absorbing and referring to previous researches, the regionaltectonic evolution of East Junggar in Paleozoic have been further clarified by combinedmethods of field geological survey and geochemical analysis in this paper. Under theguidance of latest metallogenic theory and prediction, types of ore deposits in research areahave been determined, metallogenic series have been divided in detail and metallogenicregularities and ore-controlling factors have also been summarized. Furthermore,comprehensive information metallogenic prediction model has been established byextracting multiple geoscience information and prediction methods of the model have alsobeen optimized. Based on MAPGIS6.7and mineral resource prediction and evaluationexpert system（MORPAS3.0、GeoDas4.0）, a spatial location prediction research has beenperformed for mineral resources in this area. At last, prospecting targets are given andevaluated. The main achievements are listed as follows:
1.According to the latest regional geological survey data and scientific researchachievements, bottom map of regional geology and mineral resource has been modified and improved in our research area and multiple geoscience spatial information database hasbeen established.
2.Based on a comprehensive analysis involved stratum, structure and magma, it isinferred that:(1)the major part of the basement of Junggar Basin is mainly composedunderplated mantle-derived materials, subducted oceanic crust and island arc system.(2)Paleo-Asian Ocean in East Junnggar was not closed at the time of~320Ma and theinteraction of ocean-continent still existed. The volcanic and subvolcanic rocks from theCarboniferous Batamayineishan Formation was the product of back-arc extension inducedby the southward subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean beneath Kazakhstan and Junggarplate.(3) Back-arc basin represented by Kalamaily ophiolites was not closed completely atthe time of~320Ma. The northern part of the Kalamaily structural belt was being subductedwhile the southern part was a uplift residual arc basin. Intensified continent-continentcollision did not occur in Kalamaily area. The closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean in this regionwas in the forms of continent-continent collage and the large-scale NW-SE trending dextralstrike-slip. Huangyangshan pluton may be the product under the strike-slip extension.(4)Middle-late Carboniferous magmatism in East Junngar has the distinctive features ofcrust-mantle hybrid and the mantle-derived materials accounts for a high proportion, whichmay lay better foundation for ore-forming process. Regional metallogenic conditions ofKalamaily metallogenic belt can be well comparable to Kazakhstan and West Junggar areasof Central Asian Metallogenic domain and have good ore-prospecting potential. TheKalamaily metallogenic belt has good ore-prospecting potential because of comparableregional metallogenic conditions to Kazakhstan and West Junggar areas in Central Asian.
3.20geochemical elements have been processed and extracted to accomplishgeochemical anomaly maps and geochemical comprehensive anomaly maps by means ofcluster analysis, factor analysis and C-A multifractal method. In terms of geophysical dataprocessing method of Professor Wang Shichen, gravity and magnetic data have beenhandled to draw related maps and attributes of structures, rock boby and tectonic unit havebeen extracted. Meanwhile, combined with regional tectonic analysis,research area isdivided two different part tectonic unit by Kalamaily fracture, the north one and the southone.
4. In the light of metallogenic series theory, the Au-Cu polymetallic ore deposits can bedivided two series, Au ore deposits related to early-middle Permian deformed andmetamorphic process of ductile shear zone and Cu-Mo(Au) deposits bearing a closerelationship with late Carboniferous intermediate volcanic and subvolcanic rocks, and metallogenic regularities and ore-controlling factors have been summarized.
5.Based on GIS technology and by the means of a combination of qualitative andquantitative analytical methods, multiple metallogenic information of the two seriesmentioned above was extracted and comprehensive information ore prospecting model hasbeen established.
6.Based on the hybrid model of data driven supplemented knowledge driven,thecombination method of prospecting-information contents and fuzzy weights of evidencemethod has been performed for Au ore deposits related to early-middle Permian deformedand metamorphic process of ductile shear zone,and9ore favorable prospecting target areaswere outlined,including2A type,3B type and4C type targets.
7. Based on the hybrid model of knowledge driven supplemented data driven,thecomprehensive information prediction method has been performed for Cu-Mo(Au) oredeposits related to early late Carboniferous intermediate volcanic and subvolcanic rocks,and6ore favorable prospecting target areas were outlined,including2A type,1B type and3Ctype targets.
近年来，随着1:5万区域地质调查、国家305项目、国土资源大调查和找矿远景区评价项目的相继实施和完成，区内积累了大量的地质、地球化学、地球物理和遥感等基础性地质资料。但与东部发达地区相比，地质工作程度仍处于较低水平，仍有一些基础性的地质问题没有很好解决，运用新理论新方法指导区域地质找矿工作还相对薄弱。
本文在广泛收集、消化和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，结合野外地质调查和样品分析测试，采用基础地质研究为先导，定性+定量分析为手段的工作方法，明确了东准噶尔地区晚古生代区域构造演化历史，并以最新的成矿规律和成矿预测理论为指导，查明了研究区主要矿床类型，划分了成矿系列，提取了多元地学成矿信息，总结了成矿规律和控矿因素，建立综合信息成矿预测模型，优选了成矿预测模型方法，以MAPGIS6.7软件和矿产资源预测评价专家系统（MORPAS3.0、GeoDas4.0）为平台对研究区矿产资源进行了定位预测研究，圈定了有利找矿靶区，并进行了评价。本论文取得的主要成果和认识如下：
1.依据最新的区域调查和科研成果，修编和完善了研究区地质矿产底图，并建立了多元地学空间信息数据库。
2.以基础地质研究为出发点，通过对研究区及相关区域地层、构造和岩浆岩开展系统的沉积地层学、构造年代学、岩石学、岩相学、岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学和年代学的综合研究，提出：①准噶尔盆地基底的主体可能由底侵的幔源物质+拼合的玄武质洋壳和岛弧体系组成。②~320Ma，东准噶尔地区古亚洲洋还未完全闭合，洋-陆相互作用构造体制依然存在，区内广泛出露的石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩-次火山侵入岩实为古亚洲洋持续南向哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块俯冲消减，引发弧后扩张的结果。③~310Ma，卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的弧后盆地并未完全关闭，仅表现为卡拉麦里断裂带北侧部分的消减，南侧实为抬升的残余弧盆。卡拉麦里地区没有发生强烈的陆-陆碰撞造山作用，仅表现为一般的陆-陆拼贴和大规模的NW-SE向右行剪切走滑作用。区内黄羊山岩体可能就是该走滑拉伸作用下的产物。④东准噶尔地区石炭纪中晚期岩浆作用具明显的壳幔混合特征，而且幔源物质丰富，为成矿奠定了良好基础，区域成矿条件可与西准噶尔及哈萨克斯坦等中亚地区相比，找矿前景看好。
3.采用聚类分析法、因子分析法及C-A多重分形方法对研究区20种地球化学元素数据进行了处理和信息提取，绘制了各元素地球化学异常图和组合异常图；参照王世称教授地球物理数据处理方法，对研究区重磁数据进行了处理和图件绘制，并对构造、岩体及区域大地构造单元属性信息进行了提取。同时，结合区域大地构造解析，将研究区以卡拉麦里断裂为界划分为南北两个不同的大地构造单元。
4.依据成矿系列理论，并结合区域最新研究成果和实际工作，将研究区金铜多金属成矿划分为与早-中二叠世韧性剪切带变形变质作用有关的金矿床和与晚石炭世早期中酸性火山-次火山岩有关的铜钼（金）矿床两大成矿系列，并总结了成矿规律和控矿因素。
5.以GIS技术为手段，采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法，提取了研究区两大成矿系列多元成矿信息，并构建了相应综合信息找矿预测评价模型。
6.采取数据驱动为主知识驱动为辅的混合模型方式，首次运用找矿信息量法+模糊证据权法的组合方法，对研究区与早-中二叠世韧性剪切带变形变质作用有关的金矿床开展了成矿定位预测研究，圈定了有利找矿靶区9个，其中A级找矿靶区3个，B级找矿靶区2个，C级找矿靶区4个，并分别进行了评价。
7.采取知识驱动为主数据驱动为辅的混合模型方式，首次将地球化学元素组合异常圈定方法——累加指数法引入区域成矿预测中，并对研究区与晚石炭世早期中酸性火山-次火山岩有关的铜钼（金）矿床进行了成矿定位预测研究，圈定了有利找矿靶区6个，其中A级找矿靶区2个，B级找矿靶区1个，C级找矿靶区3个，并分别进行了评价。
Kalamaily metallogenic belt in East Junggar is located between Altai mountains andTianshan mountains in the northeast part of Xinjiang. Belonging to the central part ofCentral Asian Orogen, it experienced a protracted and complicated tectonic development inPhanerozoic and produced numerous and distinctive types of structure, sediment andmagma, which provided favorable materials, dynamics and space for ore-forming process.As the important part of circum-Balkhash-Junggar Au-Cu polymetallic large metallogenicbelt, Kalamaily metallogenic belt can be well comparable to Kazakhstan and West Junggarareas in Central Asian Metallogenic domain in terms of regional metallogenic conditions,having good ore-prospecting potential.
In recent years, masses of basic geological data related to geology, geochemistry andremote sensing have been accumulated, with the implementation and accomplishment of1:50000regional geological survey, National Project305, land and resource survey andprospecting potential area evaluation project, which builds up a better foundation for oreprospecting. However, this region still remains a low geological research level comparedwith the eastern developed regions. Some fundamental geological problems have not beenwell settled and researches on metallogenic regularity and prediction carried out by new oreprospecting theory and method are also insufficient relatively.
On the basis of collecting, absorbing and referring to previous researches, the regionaltectonic evolution of East Junggar in Paleozoic have been further clarified by combinedmethods of field geological survey and geochemical analysis in this paper. Under theguidance of latest metallogenic theory and prediction, types of ore deposits in research areahave been determined, metallogenic series have been divided in detail and metallogenicregularities and ore-controlling factors have also been summarized. Furthermore,comprehensive information metallogenic prediction model has been established byextracting multiple geoscience information and prediction methods of the model have alsobeen optimized. Based on MAPGIS6.7and mineral resource prediction and evaluationexpert system（MORPAS3.0、GeoDas4.0）, a spatial location prediction research has beenperformed for mineral resources in this area. At last, prospecting targets are given andevaluated. The main achievements are listed as follows:
1.According to the latest regional geological survey data and scientific researchachievements, bottom map of regional geology and mineral resource has been modified and improved in our research area and multiple geoscience spatial information database hasbeen established.
2.Based on a comprehensive analysis involved stratum, structure and magma, it isinferred that:(1)the major part of the basement of Junggar Basin is mainly composedunderplated mantle-derived materials, subducted oceanic crust and island arc system.(2)Paleo-Asian Ocean in East Junnggar was not closed at the time of~320Ma and theinteraction of ocean-continent still existed. The volcanic and subvolcanic rocks from theCarboniferous Batamayineishan Formation was the product of back-arc extension inducedby the southward subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean beneath Kazakhstan and Junggarplate.(3) Back-arc basin represented by Kalamaily ophiolites was not closed completely atthe time of~320Ma. The northern part of the Kalamaily structural belt was being subductedwhile the southern part was a uplift residual arc basin. Intensified continent-continentcollision did not occur in Kalamaily area. The closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean in this regionwas in the forms of continent-continent collage and the large-scale NW-SE trending dextralstrike-slip. Huangyangshan pluton may be the product under the strike-slip extension.(4)Middle-late Carboniferous magmatism in East Junngar has the distinctive features ofcrust-mantle hybrid and the mantle-derived materials accounts for a high proportion, whichmay lay better foundation for ore-forming process. Regional metallogenic conditions ofKalamaily metallogenic belt can be well comparable to Kazakhstan and West Junggar areasof Central Asian Metallogenic domain and have good ore-prospecting potential. TheKalamaily metallogenic belt has good ore-prospecting potential because of comparableregional metallogenic conditions to Kazakhstan and West Junggar areas in Central Asian.
3.20geochemical elements have been processed and extracted to accomplishgeochemical anomaly maps and geochemical comprehensive anomaly maps by means ofcluster analysis, factor analysis and C-A multifractal method. In terms of geophysical dataprocessing method of Professor Wang Shichen, gravity and magnetic data have beenhandled to draw related maps and attributes of structures, rock boby and tectonic unit havebeen extracted. Meanwhile, combined with regional tectonic analysis,research area isdivided two different part tectonic unit by Kalamaily fracture, the north one and the southone.
4. In the light of metallogenic series theory, the Au-Cu polymetallic ore deposits can bedivided two series, Au ore deposits related to early-middle Permian deformed andmetamorphic process of ductile shear zone and Cu-Mo(Au) deposits bearing a closerelationship with late Carboniferous intermediate volcanic and subvolcanic rocks, and metallogenic regularities and ore-controlling factors have been summarized.
5.Based on GIS technology and by the means of a combination of qualitative andquantitative analytical methods, multiple metallogenic information of the two seriesmentioned above was extracted and comprehensive information ore prospecting model hasbeen established.
6.Based on the hybrid model of data driven supplemented knowledge driven,thecombination method of prospecting-information contents and fuzzy weights of evidencemethod has been performed for Au ore deposits related to early-middle Permian deformedand metamorphic process of ductile shear zone,and9ore favorable prospecting target areaswere outlined,including2A type,3B type and4C type targets.
7. Based on the hybrid model of knowledge driven supplemented data driven,thecomprehensive information prediction method has been performed for Cu-Mo(Au) oredeposits related to early late Carboniferous intermediate volcanic and subvolcanic rocks,and6ore favorable prospecting target areas were outlined,including2A type,1B type and3Ctype targets.
引文
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