滇西中甸矿集区晚白垩世斑岩铜多金属成矿系统
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摘要
中甸矿集区长期被视为印支期斑岩铜矿典例，近年来发现晚白垩世斑岩Cu多金属矿床，显示巨大成矿潜力。论文以中甸矿集区晚白垩世休瓦促、热林和红山三个斑岩矿床及含矿斑岩体为研究对象，开展系统研究，取得如下主要认识：
（1）辉钼矿Re-Os和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb精细的成岩成矿年代学研究显示，休瓦促黑云母二长花岗斑岩体、热林二长花岗斑岩体和红山石英二长斑岩体分别侵位于86-88Ma，80-82Ma和76-79Ma之间；休瓦促W-Mo矿床、热林Mo-W-Cu矿床、Cu多金属矿床矽卡岩型矿体和斑岩矿体分别形成于85.9±3.3Ma，82.4±3.03Ma和80±1.8Ma，显示这三个矿床形成于同一时期，具有一致的成岩成矿动力学背景。
（2）含矿斑岩具有一致的地球化学特征，高SiO2含量、高Al2O3含量、高的K2O含量和K2O/Na2O比值，表现出钾玄质岩石地球化学特征；而高Sr含量、高Sr/Y和（La/Yb）N比值，又显示有埃达克质性质。
（3）高的（87Sr/86Sr）i和低的（143Nd/144Nd）i值、La与La/Yb、La/Sm之间的正相关关系、高Sr/Y和（La/Yb）N比值显示，中甸矿集区含矿斑岩源于加厚下地壳的部分熔融；负的εHf(t)值显示该加厚下地壳为古老下地壳；高的Mg#表明有少量幔源物质的加入；Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征显示研究区古老下地壳受到了洋壳俯冲作用改造。因此中甸晚白垩世含矿斑岩可能来源于被洋壳俯冲改造之后的古老加厚下地壳的部分熔融。成岩年代显示拉萨板块和羌塘板块的碰撞可能是导致该期岩浆侵入事件的动力学机制。
（4）流体包裹体和S、Re同位素研究说明中甸矿集区晚白垩世含矿斑岩为同期Cu多金属矿化提供了成矿热液和金属来源。早期埃达克质岩浆沿着区内北西向断裂上侵，周围地层发生热变质作用形成角岩化和大理岩化；随着岩浆的向上侵位，大量富含挥发分和高盐度的超临界流体出溶，导致岩体顶部破裂，静岩压力转变为静水压力，金属元素发生沉淀，从而在岩体中发生最初的斑岩矿化；红山矿区地层中夹杂有性质活泼的大理岩，随着更多岩浆热液的出溶，交代大理岩形成矽卡岩矿体。而在休瓦促、热林地区，周围地层为性质不活泼的角岩，斑岩岩体通常仅发生斑岩矿化，形成斑岩矿床。
Zhongdian mining area has been a good example of Indosinian porphyriticcopper deposit in the southwestern Sanjiang region on where there are only a fewYanshanian-aged research been reported. This study has been doing research on threelate Cretaceous porphyritic copper deposits including Xiuwacu deposit, Relin depositand Hongshan deposit, and we report following results through field work andlaboratory work.
(1) The dating results indicates, that the biotitic granitic porphyry from Xiuwacudeposit yields an age between86-88Ma; the monzonitic granitic porphyry from Relindeposit yields an age between80-82Ma, the monzonitic porphyry from Hongshandeposit yields an age between76-79Ma; the formation of Xiuwacu W-Mo depositdated back to85.9±3.3Ma; the formation of Relin Mo-W-Mo deposit dated back to82.4±3.03Ma; Hongshan porphyry and related copper mineralization were formed at80±1.8Ma. Those ages are identical, within error, suggests consistent ore-formingprocesses.
(2) Geochemically, the late Cretaceous porphyries yield consistent characteristicsof relative high SiO2content, high Al2O3content, high K2O content, and high ratio ofK2O and Na2O, showing alkali features. They also have relative high Sr content, highSr/Y and (La/Yb)N,indicating adakitic geochemical features.
(3) This study presents, that geochemical characteristics indicate Zhongdianporphyries deriving from partial melting of crustal thickening; epsilon Hf valuesindicate crustal sources; high Mg number reflects mantle material involved; Sr-Nd-Pbisotopic compositions indicate subduction-related material. Therefore, the intrusion ofthe late-Cretaceous porphyries in Zhongdian area is likely driven by the collision of ofLhasa block and Qiangtang block.
(4) Study of fluid inclusions and isotopes provided evidences that the origin ofthe ore-forming fluids in the porphyritic copper deposits were coming from theadakitic porphyritic pluton. First stage adakitic magma travelling upward through thenorthwestern fractures making surrounding stratum thermal metamorphosed andalternated. Volatiles and high salinity fluids were extracted and then leading to thecrack at the top of the pluton, which transferred the lithostatic pressure to thehydrostatic pressure, thus dropping off metal elements and causing mineralization. Wefound skarn-type mineralization in Hongshan deposit because of the enrichment ofmarble in the wallrock and hence the metasomatism, whereas porphyriticmineralization were found in Xiuwacu deposit and Relin deposit due to the stablehornstone in the wallrock.
（1）辉钼矿Re-Os和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb精细的成岩成矿年代学研究显示，休瓦促黑云母二长花岗斑岩体、热林二长花岗斑岩体和红山石英二长斑岩体分别侵位于86-88Ma，80-82Ma和76-79Ma之间；休瓦促W-Mo矿床、热林Mo-W-Cu矿床、Cu多金属矿床矽卡岩型矿体和斑岩矿体分别形成于85.9±3.3Ma，82.4±3.03Ma和80±1.8Ma，显示这三个矿床形成于同一时期，具有一致的成岩成矿动力学背景。
（2）含矿斑岩具有一致的地球化学特征，高SiO2含量、高Al2O3含量、高的K2O含量和K2O/Na2O比值，表现出钾玄质岩石地球化学特征；而高Sr含量、高Sr/Y和（La/Yb）N比值，又显示有埃达克质性质。
（3）高的（87Sr/86Sr）i和低的（143Nd/144Nd）i值、La与La/Yb、La/Sm之间的正相关关系、高Sr/Y和（La/Yb）N比值显示，中甸矿集区含矿斑岩源于加厚下地壳的部分熔融；负的εHf(t)值显示该加厚下地壳为古老下地壳；高的Mg#表明有少量幔源物质的加入；Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征显示研究区古老下地壳受到了洋壳俯冲作用改造。因此中甸晚白垩世含矿斑岩可能来源于被洋壳俯冲改造之后的古老加厚下地壳的部分熔融。成岩年代显示拉萨板块和羌塘板块的碰撞可能是导致该期岩浆侵入事件的动力学机制。
（4）流体包裹体和S、Re同位素研究说明中甸矿集区晚白垩世含矿斑岩为同期Cu多金属矿化提供了成矿热液和金属来源。早期埃达克质岩浆沿着区内北西向断裂上侵，周围地层发生热变质作用形成角岩化和大理岩化；随着岩浆的向上侵位，大量富含挥发分和高盐度的超临界流体出溶，导致岩体顶部破裂，静岩压力转变为静水压力，金属元素发生沉淀，从而在岩体中发生最初的斑岩矿化；红山矿区地层中夹杂有性质活泼的大理岩，随着更多岩浆热液的出溶，交代大理岩形成矽卡岩矿体。而在休瓦促、热林地区，周围地层为性质不活泼的角岩，斑岩岩体通常仅发生斑岩矿化，形成斑岩矿床。
Zhongdian mining area has been a good example of Indosinian porphyriticcopper deposit in the southwestern Sanjiang region on where there are only a fewYanshanian-aged research been reported. This study has been doing research on threelate Cretaceous porphyritic copper deposits including Xiuwacu deposit, Relin depositand Hongshan deposit, and we report following results through field work andlaboratory work.
(1) The dating results indicates, that the biotitic granitic porphyry from Xiuwacudeposit yields an age between86-88Ma; the monzonitic granitic porphyry from Relindeposit yields an age between80-82Ma, the monzonitic porphyry from Hongshandeposit yields an age between76-79Ma; the formation of Xiuwacu W-Mo depositdated back to85.9±3.3Ma; the formation of Relin Mo-W-Mo deposit dated back to82.4±3.03Ma; Hongshan porphyry and related copper mineralization were formed at80±1.8Ma. Those ages are identical, within error, suggests consistent ore-formingprocesses.
(2) Geochemically, the late Cretaceous porphyries yield consistent characteristicsof relative high SiO2content, high Al2O3content, high K2O content, and high ratio ofK2O and Na2O, showing alkali features. They also have relative high Sr content, highSr/Y and (La/Yb)N,indicating adakitic geochemical features.
(3) This study presents, that geochemical characteristics indicate Zhongdianporphyries deriving from partial melting of crustal thickening; epsilon Hf valuesindicate crustal sources; high Mg number reflects mantle material involved; Sr-Nd-Pbisotopic compositions indicate subduction-related material. Therefore, the intrusion ofthe late-Cretaceous porphyries in Zhongdian area is likely driven by the collision of ofLhasa block and Qiangtang block.
(4) Study of fluid inclusions and isotopes provided evidences that the origin ofthe ore-forming fluids in the porphyritic copper deposits were coming from theadakitic porphyritic pluton. First stage adakitic magma travelling upward through thenorthwestern fractures making surrounding stratum thermal metamorphosed andalternated. Volatiles and high salinity fluids were extracted and then leading to thecrack at the top of the pluton, which transferred the lithostatic pressure to thehydrostatic pressure, thus dropping off metal elements and causing mineralization. Wefound skarn-type mineralization in Hongshan deposit because of the enrichment ofmarble in the wallrock and hence the metasomatism, whereas porphyriticmineralization were found in Xiuwacu deposit and Relin deposit due to the stablehornstone in the wallrock.
引文
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