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养老保险基金安全评价研究
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摘要
我国社会保障经历了制度从无到有,覆盖面从小到大,涉及人群从城镇到农村,保障水平从低到高,保障层次从单一到多层次的发展过程。目前,基本形成了覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。养老保险是社会保险体系的支柱性制度安排,是社会保障制度中最重要的一环,其完善程度决定着一个国家或地区的社会保障体系建设的成败。基金安全问题是养老保险的首要问题,它不仅决定养老保险制度的健康发展,关系广大参保人员的切身利益,还直接影响着经济发展和社会稳定。可见,养老保险基金是否安全是完善制度和实现价值的核心问题。基于此,本文提出养老保险基金安全评价问题,主要研究内容如下:
     提出了养老保险基金安全的内涵、形成机制、构成要素与层次结构等理论。养老保险基金安全是为实现养老保险收支平衡目标,对养老保险基金筹集、管理、支付等环节全面统筹和系统管理的总称。养老保险基金安全由基金基础资源安全和基金运行过程安全组成,在基金安全结构作用力下相互融合并产生作用。
     设计了基于养老保险基金运行过程的基金安全评价指标体系。以养老保险基金运行过程安全为切入点,在深入分析养老保险基金筹集、管理和支付安全影响因素的基础上,采用德尔菲法甄选出养老保险基金安全评价指标,利用模糊层次分析法确定评价指标权重,通过综合指数法计算基金安全指数,最终确定由3维度、9项指标构成的养老保险基金安全评价指标体系。
     构建了养老保险基金安全监管体系。针对目前养老保险基金安全监管中存在的问题,构建了由安全培育、安全控制和安全监督三个层次的养老保险基金安全监管体系,提出了有针对性和可操作性的对策与建议,推动养老保险基金的安全监管。
     应用养老保险基金数据进行了实证研究。通过对广东省六市2011年的养老保险基金安全评价和比较分析,进一步验证了养老保险基金安全评价指标体系的可行性。
     本文围绕养老保险基金安全问题进行了理论、实证、对策及应用研究。养老保险基金安全评价的研究有利于进一步完善养老保险基金安全的理论体系与方法体系,开拓养老保险基金安全研究的新视角,在一定程度上推动社会保障安全理论研究;有利于及时掌握养老保险基金运行现状,发现养老保险基金新风险,提升基金监管水平,为养老保险基金安全监管实践提供指导与建议。
China's social security system has developed from nothing and the coverage from small to large, involving the insured population from the city to the countryside, with a high level of protection from single to multi-level development process, which basically formed the framework of the social security system covering urban and rural residents. Pension insurance is the most important part of the social security system. Their security level determines whether the construction of the social security system could be a success. The Fund issues have a direct impact on the healthy development of the pension insurance system, which not only directly related to the vital interests of the majority of the insured, but also directly affect the success of the reform and social stability. The security of the pension insurance fund could help improve the system and realize the value. Based on this, the main research content and innovative results are summarized as follows:
     First, we have put forward the connotation of pension fund safety, and formation mechanism of fund security, the elements and structure of fund security. The security of the pension insurance fund is to ensure the safe operation of the pension insurance system. It is a general term for overall co-ordination of the pension fund raising, management, payment system management. The security of the pension insurance fund is formed under the joint role of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. That the safety of the basic resources of the fund and the safety of the fund running process together constitute the security of the pension insurance fund.
     Second, we have proposed a pension insurance fund safety evaluation index system based on the pension insurance fund running. We analyzed and discussed the impact factors of the pension insurance fund raising, fund management and fund payment. We used the Delphi method to select the indicators of the safety evaluation of the pension insurance fund, and used the fuzzy AHP to determine the weights of evaluation indexes and finally determined safety evaluation index system of the pension insurance fund.
     Besides, we have built the security regulatory system of the pension insurance fund. We constructed the security regulatory system with three levels including the security nurture, security controlled and security supervision. We provided the countermeasures and suggestions for the safety of the pension fund, which helped to guide and promote the security supervision of the pension insurance fund.
     Finally, we have carried out empirical research on the security of the pension insurance fund. We evaluated and analyzed the data of the security situation of the pension fund of the six Cities in Guangdong Province in2011. On the basis of the application research of the security status of the pension insurance fund, we further verify the feasibility and operability of the safety evaluation index system of old-age insurance fund.
     This study focus on the security evaluation of the pension fund theory, empirical research, strategy research and applied research. The theoretical value lies in that it not only promotes and improves the security of the pension insurance fund system, but also provides a new perspective study of the security research of pension insurance fund. The application value lies in that it is scientific and maneuverable for us to know and study the new risks of the pension insurance fund, which provides the guidance for further safety regulatory practice.
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