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信息外溢性、信息成本与中小投资者利益保护分析
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摘要
本文是从信息外溢性角度来研究股票市场上中小投资者利益的保护问题,主要分为三个部分来进行论述。首先,在分析了信息外溢性与证券市场的关系及信息外溢性与中小投资者认知风险的关系的理论基础上,并结合一些学者已经做的实证分析,提出了一个度量非理性的中小投资者收益的公式,从这个公式出发,中小投资者利益的保护分为外在保护与内在保护层面。接着本文从外在保护与内在保护层面两个层面对中小投资者利益的保护进行了理论与实证分析。最后,分析了外在与内在的交叉—社会经济网络与投资者行为与投资者利益的密切关系。
     具体来说,本文论述的主要内容可以分为以下五个方面:
     (1)信息外溢性与证券市场关系的基础理论的构建。提出了信息外溢性的概念以及信息外溢性的测度指标—信息报酬,分析了存在信息报酬时的资产定价,以及信息报酬的来源,信息报酬与信息成本之间的关系,并界定了证券市场上信息真实性的三种状态。
     (2)信息外溢性与中小投资者认知风险的关系的理论分析。用认知风险来度量投资者的非理性程度,投资者的认知风险可以分解为理性认识风险和基于中小投资者心理偏差的认知风险两部分之和,并证明了当证券市场存在正信息外溢性报酬时,投资者的证券投资认知风险较低,最后提出了一个关于中小投资者收益的一个公式。
     (3)信息外溢性角度下中小投资者利益外在保护层面的分析。用博弈论分析了内幕信息的监管及上市公司信息披露与投资者利益保护的关联,并实证分析了上市公司盈余管理与投资者保护的关系、分析师迎合股价的动机与中小投资者利益的关系以及投资者教育与中小投资者行为的关系。
     (4)信息外溢性角度下中小投资者利益内在保护层面的分析。中小投资者有其特定的学习方式及对信息的反应模式,中小投资者存在八种常见的非理性行为,并用问卷调查的方法指出了投资者存在着“后面有更好的”这种效应。构建了一个关于中小投资者积极投资的博弈,只有当证券市场存在正信息报酬时,投资者才能回归价值投资模式,并且投资者只有选择合适的投资方法与情绪控制能力才能保障自身的利益。
     (5)社会经济网络与投资者行为与投资者利益关系的分析。社会经济网络的结构以及网络的连接方式都会影响投资者的行为,股市文化的构建即共识的形成与投资者的利益保护是密切相关的。
This paper that is to study the interests protection of the stock market investorsfrom the aspect of information spillovers are mainly divided into three parts to bediscussed. Based on the basis of theoretical analysis about the relation of informationspillovers and the security market,also based on the analysis of information spilloversand the perception risk of the medium and small investors, and with the empiricalstudies of some scholars had finished, this paper propose a formula that is to measurethe profits of the non-rational investors, from this formula the protection of theinterests of the medium and small investors can be divided into the external protectionand the internal protection. Then this paper put out the theoretical and empiricalanalysis from the level of the external protection and internal protection to protect theinterests of the medium and small investors. Finally, it analyzes the close relationshipbetween the internal and external cross-the social economic network and thebehavior of the medium and small investors.
     Specifically, the main content of this paper can be divided into the following fiveparts:
     Firstly,the paper structure the basic theory of the information spillovers and thesecurities market. Proposing the concept of the information spillovers and theinformation reward, analyzing the asset pricing of the information reward and thesources of the information reward,the relationship between the information rewardand the information cost, defining the three kinds of information state of the stockmarket.
     Secondly,the paper analysis the relationship between information spillovers and theperception risk of the medium-sized investors,the perception risk can measure the non-rational degree of investors,the perception risk of investors can be divided intorational perception risk and the perception risk that is based on the psychologicaldeviation of investors, and prove that the perception risk of securities investment islow when the stock market has positive information spillovers, and propose a formulathat measures the yield of the medium and small investors.
     Thirdly,the paper analysis the external protection of the interests of the medium andsmall investors from the angle of the information spillover. Using the game theory toanalyze the correlation of the insider information supervision and investor protectionof the interests,and the relation of listed Corporation’s information disclosure and theinvestor protection of the interests, empirically analyzing the relationship betweenearnings management of the listed Corporations and the investor protection of theinterests, and the relationship between the shares catering motivation of analysts andthe interests of small investors,and the relationship between investor education andthe behavior.of the medium and small sized investors.
     Fourthly,.the paper analysis the internal protection of the interests of small andmedium investors from the angle of the information spillovers. The medium and smallinvestors have a certain way of learning and the reflecting mode to information, thereare eight kinds of irrational behavior of the medium and small investors, there existsthe effect of "the later is better." that is pointed out by the method of questionnairesurvey. And with constructing a mode of investing game for medium and smallinvestors, finds that when the stock market has positive information rewards,investors will return to the mode of the value investment,and investors can choosesuitable investment methods and emotion control ability to safeguard their owninterests.
     Finally,the paper analysis the relation of the social and economic networks and thebehavior of the medium and small investor. The structure of the social and economicnetworks and the network connection will affect the behavior of investors, it isnecessary to construct the stock market culture to protect the interests of the mediumand small investors,and the consensus formation is closely related to the the stockmarket culture.
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