外国直接投资对中国居民收入的影响
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摘要
近年来,全球范围内外国直接投资的增长十分迅速。外国直接投资受到跨国公司合并与并购浪潮的激发，使我国各地区、各行业在吸引外国直接投资方面都取得了显著效果。在外商直接投资大量涌入的同时,我国的人均国民总收入水平开始大幅度提升，我国的收入结构也随之变化。这表现为高、低收入群体大量增多，居民收入差距明显拉大，且呈现逐渐扩大的趋势，我国的基尼系数也是逐年上升，尚未发现有下降的趋势。中国社会科学院发布2012年的《社会蓝皮书》暨“中国社会形势报告会”中已指出：中国收入差距扩大的趋势仍未得到扭转。从理论和现状分析可知，在我国经济稳定发展，居民生活水平不断提高的情况下，一方面外国直接投资不断涌入我国，其投资规模不断扩大，投资领域不断拓宽，另一方面，我国居民收入水平不断提高的同时，收入结构也随之变化，收入差距不断拉大。为了既保持居民收入水平提高，又避免收入差距加大的经济发展环境，应该对外国直接投资对我国居民收入的影响进行研究。还有，在经济全球化的进程中，世界各国的经济联系不断加强，相互影响日益加深，以跨国公司为主的投资在全球各地普遍存在。外商直接投资(FDI)与收入差距的关系也成为国际经济学家和劳动经济学家关心的问题,特别是近年来很多发展中国家反全球化浪潮日益高涨,相关研究结论也受到了各国政府的高度重视。
通过外商直接投资与我国居民收入水平的历史回顾、现状分析，本文从理论和实证两方面对外资投入与我国居民收入之间关系的问题进行了研究。首先，查阅了外商直接投资与我国居民收入水平的研究文献，回顾外资投入与我国居民收入的发展过程、现状并仔细分析，寻找研究突破口，对这一问题深入剖析。在此基础上，建立理论模型分别考察了外商直接投资对中国居民收入水平和收入结构的影响，进而进行了实证分析。采用了面板数据资料，观察值更加丰富，扩大了样本容量，更有利于计量分析。在对面板数据的处理过程中，采用了较为先进的单位根检验方法和协整关系检验方法。在模型估计中，除基本的OLS估计外，还采用了较先进的GMM动态估计法，以反映模型的动态效应。最后，在理论与实证相结合的研究成果上，对于外商直接投资对中国居民收入水平和收入结构的影响问题进行更深层次的延伸和探讨，并提出了相关政策建议。
本文对外商直接投资与我国收入关系的研究，分别从外资对收入水平和收入结构的两方面影响入手，做了一个比较系统、全面的验证。在数据整理方面作了大量工作，并在实证分析中采用了较为前沿的模型估计方法。希望通过本文的研究，对我国政府的引资政策和收入分配政策的制定可提供技术上的支持和指导。
In recent years, foreign direct investment is growing rapidly worldwide. Foreigndirect investment, driven by the company cross-border mergers and acquisitionswave. China, the industry in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has madeconsiderable achievements. While the influx of foreign direct investment, China's percapita gross national income levels began to significantly enhance our revenuestructure also changes. This performance is high, the increasing number oflow-income populations, the income gap widening trend, China's Gini coefficient isrising year by year, it seems there is no downward trend. Chinese Academy of SocialSciences published in2012,"Social Blue Book" and the "social situation": the trendof widening income gap in China has not yet been reversed. Is not difficult to seefrom the above, China's stable economic development and continuous improvementof living standards today, on the one hand, foreign direct investment in the continuousinflux of China, its scale of investment continues to expand, continue to broaden thearea of investment, on the other hand, China's income level increase while the incomestructure also will change, the income gap is widening. It is necessary to study theimpact of foreign direct investment in China's income. In addition, in the process ofeconomic globalization, the world's economic ties continue to strengthen each other isincreasingly influenced mainly to multinational investment is widespread throughoutthe world. Therefore, the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) andthe income gap has also become the concern of international economists and laboreconomists, especially in recent years, many developing countries, the wave ofanti-globalization growing, relevant research findings have also been national Thegovernment attaches great importance.
China's foreign investment and the review of the history of the income level,current situation analysis, carried out for the relationship between Foreign Investmentand income from both theoretical and empirical research. Firstly, through literaturereview and current status of China's foreign investment and income levels to findresearch a breakthrough on this issue discusses. Secondly, theoretical models wereinvestigated the impact of foreign direct investment on the Chinese income levels and income structure, and on this basis, the empirical analysis. Using panel data, theobservations are more abundant, expanding the sample size is more conducive toquantitative analysis. Processing panel data, using a more advanced unit root tests andcointegration relationship test methods. In the estimation of the model, in addition tothe basic OLS estimation, using state-of-the-art GMM dynamic estimation to reflectthe dynamic effects of the model. Finally, a combination of theoretical and empiricalresearch, for foreign direct investment in Chinese residents' income levels and incomestructure for a deeper extension and discussed, and relevant policy recommendations.
This work is the meaning of the Foreign Direct Investment and Income in China,respectively, starting from the two aspects of foreign investment on income level andincome structure, a more systematic, comprehensive study. This article made a lot ofwork in data processing, and more cutting-edge model esti mation method used in theempirical analysis. I hope this paper in this field of research to advance our researchon the relationship between Foreign Investment and income. Research results toprovide technical support to develop the policy of our government to attract foreigncapital and income distribution policy, with a strong practical significance.
通过外商直接投资与我国居民收入水平的历史回顾、现状分析，本文从理论和实证两方面对外资投入与我国居民收入之间关系的问题进行了研究。首先，查阅了外商直接投资与我国居民收入水平的研究文献，回顾外资投入与我国居民收入的发展过程、现状并仔细分析，寻找研究突破口，对这一问题深入剖析。在此基础上，建立理论模型分别考察了外商直接投资对中国居民收入水平和收入结构的影响，进而进行了实证分析。采用了面板数据资料，观察值更加丰富，扩大了样本容量，更有利于计量分析。在对面板数据的处理过程中，采用了较为先进的单位根检验方法和协整关系检验方法。在模型估计中，除基本的OLS估计外，还采用了较先进的GMM动态估计法，以反映模型的动态效应。最后，在理论与实证相结合的研究成果上，对于外商直接投资对中国居民收入水平和收入结构的影响问题进行更深层次的延伸和探讨，并提出了相关政策建议。
本文对外商直接投资与我国收入关系的研究，分别从外资对收入水平和收入结构的两方面影响入手，做了一个比较系统、全面的验证。在数据整理方面作了大量工作，并在实证分析中采用了较为前沿的模型估计方法。希望通过本文的研究，对我国政府的引资政策和收入分配政策的制定可提供技术上的支持和指导。
In recent years, foreign direct investment is growing rapidly worldwide. Foreigndirect investment, driven by the company cross-border mergers and acquisitionswave. China, the industry in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has madeconsiderable achievements. While the influx of foreign direct investment, China's percapita gross national income levels began to significantly enhance our revenuestructure also changes. This performance is high, the increasing number oflow-income populations, the income gap widening trend, China's Gini coefficient isrising year by year, it seems there is no downward trend. Chinese Academy of SocialSciences published in2012,"Social Blue Book" and the "social situation": the trendof widening income gap in China has not yet been reversed. Is not difficult to seefrom the above, China's stable economic development and continuous improvementof living standards today, on the one hand, foreign direct investment in the continuousinflux of China, its scale of investment continues to expand, continue to broaden thearea of investment, on the other hand, China's income level increase while the incomestructure also will change, the income gap is widening. It is necessary to study theimpact of foreign direct investment in China's income. In addition, in the process ofeconomic globalization, the world's economic ties continue to strengthen each other isincreasingly influenced mainly to multinational investment is widespread throughoutthe world. Therefore, the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) andthe income gap has also become the concern of international economists and laboreconomists, especially in recent years, many developing countries, the wave ofanti-globalization growing, relevant research findings have also been national Thegovernment attaches great importance.
China's foreign investment and the review of the history of the income level,current situation analysis, carried out for the relationship between Foreign Investmentand income from both theoretical and empirical research. Firstly, through literaturereview and current status of China's foreign investment and income levels to findresearch a breakthrough on this issue discusses. Secondly, theoretical models wereinvestigated the impact of foreign direct investment on the Chinese income levels and income structure, and on this basis, the empirical analysis. Using panel data, theobservations are more abundant, expanding the sample size is more conducive toquantitative analysis. Processing panel data, using a more advanced unit root tests andcointegration relationship test methods. In the estimation of the model, in addition tothe basic OLS estimation, using state-of-the-art GMM dynamic estimation to reflectthe dynamic effects of the model. Finally, a combination of theoretical and empiricalresearch, for foreign direct investment in Chinese residents' income levels and incomestructure for a deeper extension and discussed, and relevant policy recommendations.
This work is the meaning of the Foreign Direct Investment and Income in China,respectively, starting from the two aspects of foreign investment on income level andincome structure, a more systematic, comprehensive study. This article made a lot ofwork in data processing, and more cutting-edge model esti mation method used in theempirical analysis. I hope this paper in this field of research to advance our researchon the relationship between Foreign Investment and income. Research results toprovide technical support to develop the policy of our government to attract foreigncapital and income distribution policy, with a strong practical significance.
引文
4引用自李世光，国际贸易、外国直接投资、技术进步和收入分配差距，[J]国际贸易问题2004（06）
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