民俗舞蹈类非物质文化遗产数字化技术研究
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摘要
民俗舞蹈是民间舞蹈中与民俗关系最为密切的一种舞蹈,它包括传统舞蹈活动和相关的民俗文化空间两部分。随着经济社会的快速发展和传承人的老去,许多珍贵的民俗舞蹈受现代文明的冲击而面临生存困境。利用数字化技术对民俗舞蹈进行真实、系统和全面的记录,已经取得了很大的成效。但是传统的数字化保护仍存在许多瓶颈,比如缺乏相关的理论支持导致现代信息手段介入不足；数字化技术规范不统一,资源共享困难；传统的视频、图片等数字化技术水平低下,数据可编辑性和重用性较差；重视舞蹈活动的数字化,而忽视了民俗舞蹈文化空问的知识关系,数字化保护不全面,最终导致对民俗舞蹈的碎片式保护。
针对上述问题,综合运用信息理论、计算机图形学、虚拟现实技术、知识表示、民俗学、非物质文化遗产学等跨学科的理论和方法进行关键技术研究,将信息空间理论和知识表示理论应用到民俗舞蹈数字化保护中,并从民俗舞蹈数字化技术规范制定、舞蹈活动三维数字化快速生成和文化空间的知识本体构建三个部分展开研究,最后以土家族撒叶儿嗬民俗舞蹈为例,利用研究成果,并结合三维扫描、动作捕捉、可视化构建等多种新技术手段,进行数字化应用实践。本文研究对促进民俗舞蹈数字化技术的发展及应用、增进文化和科技的深度融合、实现民俗舞蹈的全面保护与传承创新具有重要的意义。论文主要研究工作如下：
(1)民俗舞蹈数字化保护理论研究
针对非物质文化遗产数字化理论基础薄弱的问题,从民俗性和舞蹈特征等方面界定了民俗舞蹈的研究范围,并提出民俗舞蹈的三级分类及非物质文化遗产的数字化技术体系。结合信息空间理论和知识表示理论,研究民俗舞蹈数字化保护与传播的方法,包括从编码维度对数字化技术规范进行研究,从抽象和扩散维度对数字化活动和文化空间本体构建进行研究,为后续章节研究奠定理论基础。
(2)民俗舞蹈数字化技术规范研究
针对当前非物质文化遗产资源数字化建设标准和元数据描述不规范的问题,根据民俗舞蹈资源数字化后的存储介质和数字化特点,借鉴已有的数字化技术规范和都柏林核心元数据,研究三维模型、动作、声音、视频的数字化采集技术与元数据规范,提出适合于民俗舞蹈资源的数字化技术规范,并通过实践应用进行检验,指导规范民俗舞蹈活动和文化空间的数字化构建。
(3)民俗舞蹈活动数字化技术研究
针对当前民俗舞蹈数字化技术水平低下、效率不足等问题,研究一种基于单张照片的传承人真实感人体的快速生成和动作合成方法,包括标准化人脸模型库的建设、面部13个特征点的交互式标定、基于脸型特征的人脸模型匹配、基于三角形变形和双线性插值方法的人脸纹理映射、基于Alpha图的肤色融合和基向量差分的身体调于节等,实现从整体到细节分层次的调整以实现传承人真实感人体模型的快速生成。最后,按照制定完成的数字化技术规范,将传承人角色和运动捕捉系统捕获的真实舞蹈动作绑定,实现民俗舞蹈活动在数字化环境下的真实感复原。
(4)民俗舞蹈文化空间的知识本体构建研究
针对当前存在的民俗舞蹈保护碎片化问题,研究运用本体模型描述和表示文化空间中系统复杂的知识关系,包括根据民俗舞蹈领域文化空间的知识特征,从类型、民族、时间、地点、演变等七个方面确定该领域中共同认可的基本概念及层次关系；通过图示的方法将文化空间领域里的知识元及其关系表示出来,并从不同层次的形式化模式上给出它们之间的相互关系,构建知识组织结构框架,促进知识之间的共享和重用。
(5)土家族撒叶儿嗬舞蹈数字化实践
为验证本文研究技术和方法的有效性,以首批国家级非物质文化遗产——撒叶儿嗬舞蹈为例,综合运用信息空间理论和知识表示理论,开展对撒叶儿嗬的数字化保护实践,包括对传承人模型、舞蹈动作、传统唱词唱腔进行规范的数字化采集和交互式快速生成,并对民俗文化空间的知识本体进行构建,最后集成上述数字化技术成果对撒叶儿嗬进行全方位集成展示,实现撒叶儿嗬舞蹈活动和文化空间的快速数字化和整体性保护,提升民俗舞蹈数字化保护的技术水平。
Among traditional dances, folk dance is the one that bears the closest relationship with folklore. It includes traditional dancing activities as well as related folk cultural spaces. With the high-speed development of economic society and the getting old of the inheritors, a lot of precious folk dances are struggling to survive under the impact of modern civilization. Great achievements have been made through recording folk dance veritably, systematically and roundly using digital technology. However, lots of bottleneck exist in traditional digital protection technology, such as lack of relative theory, which causes insufficient use of modern information approaches; the disunity of digital technology standards, irregular resource construction; the underdeveloped traditional video and image digital technology, and poor editability and usability of data; great importance that has been attached to the digitization of dancing activities alongside the ignorance of the knowledge relation between folk dance and culture space and incomprehensive digital protection which finally resulted in the fragmentary protection of folk dance.
Focused on the questions mentioned above, we synthesized cross-disciplinary theories and methods including Information Theory, Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality, knowledge Representation, Folklore, Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH) and so on to explore the key techniques. Information Space Theory and Knowledge Representation Theory were applied to the digital protection of folk dance, and this research was expanded in three parts:specification of folk dance digital technology, rapid spanning of three-dimensional digitization of dancing activities and the construction of ontology of cultural space. Finally, the Saye'erhe dance of Tujia was used as an example, utilizing research achievements and incorporating new technology such as three dimension scanning, motion capture, visual construction etc., and realized the comprehensive protection of national culture resource.
The current research is of great value in facilitating the application of digital technique in ICH especially folk dance, promoting a further integration of culture and technology, and realizing the comprehensive protection and inheritance as well as innovation. The research mainly consists of five parts, as follows:
(1) The theoretical research on the digital protection of folk dance
A three-level classification of folk dance and a technology system of ICH digitization were presented, and the research scope of folk dance was defined based on its attributes of folk and dance, which is a countermeasure to the poor theory basis of ICH digitization. Then we explored the methods of folk dance protection and spread in combination with the theory of Information Space and knowledge representation, which included the research of technical manual of digitization through the dimension of coding, and research of digital activities and the construction of cultural space ontologies through the dimensions of abstract and diffusion. This part of work set the basis for the research in following chapters.
(2) The research on technical manual of folk dance digitization
As a countermeasure to the irregular ICH resource construction standards and metadata annotations, the digital acquisition technology and metadata standard were explored for three-dimension models, actions, voices and videos drawing on the experience of current digital acquisition technology and Dublin Core metadata. Then the digital technology standard is proposed and practiced through application to offer a guide for digital construction of folk dance activities and cultural spaces.
(3) On the digital technology of folk dance
On the issues of the low level and inefficient digital technology of folk dance, we came up with a rapid spanning and motion synthesis method for inheritor's realistic body based on one front photo. The method includes construction of standard face model base, interactive calibration of13facial feature-points, face model matching based on face features, facial texture mapping based on triangle deformation and bilinearity interpolation method, complexion fuse based on Alpha map and body adjustments based on vector difference etc., which can interactively adjust inheritors body and finally to generate realistic body model of inheritor rapidly. Finally, the realistic recovery of folk dance is realized in a digital circumstance.
(4) Knowledge ontology construction of cultural spaces of folk dance
In this part, we conducted the research using ontology model to describe and express the complex knowledge relation in cultural spaces in the existed issue of fragment protection method for folk dance. The research includes the following in detail:according to the knowledge characters of cultural spaces of folk dance, the mutual recognition of basic concepts and hierarchical relation in this field were confirmed in seven terms of type, nation, time, place and evolution. The knowledge elements and relationship in the field of cultural space, and the mutual relationship were expressed through formal model of different levels, through which knowledge organization framework was constructed to accelerate knowledge sharing and reuse.
(5) Digital practice of Saye'erhe dance of Tujia
To verify the availability of the technology and method proposed in the current paper, one of the first batch of state-level ICH items--Saye'erhe dance was selected as an example. The digital protection practice of Saye'erhe was conducted based on the theory of information space and knowledge representation, which includes normative digital collection and interactive rapid generating of inheritor-models, dancing movements, traditional libretto and aria music. Finally, an all-dimentional integration exhibition was conducted based on the digital technology achievements, which realized a rapid digital and integral conservation for Saye'erhe dance and cultural space, and promoted the level of digital preservation technology for folk dance.
针对上述问题,综合运用信息理论、计算机图形学、虚拟现实技术、知识表示、民俗学、非物质文化遗产学等跨学科的理论和方法进行关键技术研究,将信息空间理论和知识表示理论应用到民俗舞蹈数字化保护中,并从民俗舞蹈数字化技术规范制定、舞蹈活动三维数字化快速生成和文化空间的知识本体构建三个部分展开研究,最后以土家族撒叶儿嗬民俗舞蹈为例,利用研究成果,并结合三维扫描、动作捕捉、可视化构建等多种新技术手段,进行数字化应用实践。本文研究对促进民俗舞蹈数字化技术的发展及应用、增进文化和科技的深度融合、实现民俗舞蹈的全面保护与传承创新具有重要的意义。论文主要研究工作如下：
(1)民俗舞蹈数字化保护理论研究
针对非物质文化遗产数字化理论基础薄弱的问题,从民俗性和舞蹈特征等方面界定了民俗舞蹈的研究范围,并提出民俗舞蹈的三级分类及非物质文化遗产的数字化技术体系。结合信息空间理论和知识表示理论,研究民俗舞蹈数字化保护与传播的方法,包括从编码维度对数字化技术规范进行研究,从抽象和扩散维度对数字化活动和文化空间本体构建进行研究,为后续章节研究奠定理论基础。
(2)民俗舞蹈数字化技术规范研究
针对当前非物质文化遗产资源数字化建设标准和元数据描述不规范的问题,根据民俗舞蹈资源数字化后的存储介质和数字化特点,借鉴已有的数字化技术规范和都柏林核心元数据,研究三维模型、动作、声音、视频的数字化采集技术与元数据规范,提出适合于民俗舞蹈资源的数字化技术规范,并通过实践应用进行检验,指导规范民俗舞蹈活动和文化空间的数字化构建。
(3)民俗舞蹈活动数字化技术研究
针对当前民俗舞蹈数字化技术水平低下、效率不足等问题,研究一种基于单张照片的传承人真实感人体的快速生成和动作合成方法,包括标准化人脸模型库的建设、面部13个特征点的交互式标定、基于脸型特征的人脸模型匹配、基于三角形变形和双线性插值方法的人脸纹理映射、基于Alpha图的肤色融合和基向量差分的身体调于节等,实现从整体到细节分层次的调整以实现传承人真实感人体模型的快速生成。最后,按照制定完成的数字化技术规范,将传承人角色和运动捕捉系统捕获的真实舞蹈动作绑定,实现民俗舞蹈活动在数字化环境下的真实感复原。
(4)民俗舞蹈文化空间的知识本体构建研究
针对当前存在的民俗舞蹈保护碎片化问题,研究运用本体模型描述和表示文化空间中系统复杂的知识关系,包括根据民俗舞蹈领域文化空间的知识特征,从类型、民族、时间、地点、演变等七个方面确定该领域中共同认可的基本概念及层次关系；通过图示的方法将文化空间领域里的知识元及其关系表示出来,并从不同层次的形式化模式上给出它们之间的相互关系,构建知识组织结构框架,促进知识之间的共享和重用。
(5)土家族撒叶儿嗬舞蹈数字化实践
为验证本文研究技术和方法的有效性,以首批国家级非物质文化遗产——撒叶儿嗬舞蹈为例,综合运用信息空间理论和知识表示理论,开展对撒叶儿嗬的数字化保护实践,包括对传承人模型、舞蹈动作、传统唱词唱腔进行规范的数字化采集和交互式快速生成,并对民俗文化空间的知识本体进行构建,最后集成上述数字化技术成果对撒叶儿嗬进行全方位集成展示,实现撒叶儿嗬舞蹈活动和文化空间的快速数字化和整体性保护,提升民俗舞蹈数字化保护的技术水平。
Among traditional dances, folk dance is the one that bears the closest relationship with folklore. It includes traditional dancing activities as well as related folk cultural spaces. With the high-speed development of economic society and the getting old of the inheritors, a lot of precious folk dances are struggling to survive under the impact of modern civilization. Great achievements have been made through recording folk dance veritably, systematically and roundly using digital technology. However, lots of bottleneck exist in traditional digital protection technology, such as lack of relative theory, which causes insufficient use of modern information approaches; the disunity of digital technology standards, irregular resource construction; the underdeveloped traditional video and image digital technology, and poor editability and usability of data; great importance that has been attached to the digitization of dancing activities alongside the ignorance of the knowledge relation between folk dance and culture space and incomprehensive digital protection which finally resulted in the fragmentary protection of folk dance.
Focused on the questions mentioned above, we synthesized cross-disciplinary theories and methods including Information Theory, Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality, knowledge Representation, Folklore, Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH) and so on to explore the key techniques. Information Space Theory and Knowledge Representation Theory were applied to the digital protection of folk dance, and this research was expanded in three parts:specification of folk dance digital technology, rapid spanning of three-dimensional digitization of dancing activities and the construction of ontology of cultural space. Finally, the Saye'erhe dance of Tujia was used as an example, utilizing research achievements and incorporating new technology such as three dimension scanning, motion capture, visual construction etc., and realized the comprehensive protection of national culture resource.
The current research is of great value in facilitating the application of digital technique in ICH especially folk dance, promoting a further integration of culture and technology, and realizing the comprehensive protection and inheritance as well as innovation. The research mainly consists of five parts, as follows:
(1) The theoretical research on the digital protection of folk dance
A three-level classification of folk dance and a technology system of ICH digitization were presented, and the research scope of folk dance was defined based on its attributes of folk and dance, which is a countermeasure to the poor theory basis of ICH digitization. Then we explored the methods of folk dance protection and spread in combination with the theory of Information Space and knowledge representation, which included the research of technical manual of digitization through the dimension of coding, and research of digital activities and the construction of cultural space ontologies through the dimensions of abstract and diffusion. This part of work set the basis for the research in following chapters.
(2) The research on technical manual of folk dance digitization
As a countermeasure to the irregular ICH resource construction standards and metadata annotations, the digital acquisition technology and metadata standard were explored for three-dimension models, actions, voices and videos drawing on the experience of current digital acquisition technology and Dublin Core metadata. Then the digital technology standard is proposed and practiced through application to offer a guide for digital construction of folk dance activities and cultural spaces.
(3) On the digital technology of folk dance
On the issues of the low level and inefficient digital technology of folk dance, we came up with a rapid spanning and motion synthesis method for inheritor's realistic body based on one front photo. The method includes construction of standard face model base, interactive calibration of13facial feature-points, face model matching based on face features, facial texture mapping based on triangle deformation and bilinearity interpolation method, complexion fuse based on Alpha map and body adjustments based on vector difference etc., which can interactively adjust inheritors body and finally to generate realistic body model of inheritor rapidly. Finally, the realistic recovery of folk dance is realized in a digital circumstance.
(4) Knowledge ontology construction of cultural spaces of folk dance
In this part, we conducted the research using ontology model to describe and express the complex knowledge relation in cultural spaces in the existed issue of fragment protection method for folk dance. The research includes the following in detail:according to the knowledge characters of cultural spaces of folk dance, the mutual recognition of basic concepts and hierarchical relation in this field were confirmed in seven terms of type, nation, time, place and evolution. The knowledge elements and relationship in the field of cultural space, and the mutual relationship were expressed through formal model of different levels, through which knowledge organization framework was constructed to accelerate knowledge sharing and reuse.
(5) Digital practice of Saye'erhe dance of Tujia
To verify the availability of the technology and method proposed in the current paper, one of the first batch of state-level ICH items--Saye'erhe dance was selected as an example. The digital protection practice of Saye'erhe was conducted based on the theory of information space and knowledge representation, which includes normative digital collection and interactive rapid generating of inheritor-models, dancing movements, traditional libretto and aria music. Finally, an all-dimentional integration exhibition was conducted based on the digital technology achievements, which realized a rapid digital and integral conservation for Saye'erhe dance and cultural space, and promoted the level of digital preservation technology for folk dance.
引文
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