复杂条件下地铁施工地层变形机理及对桥桩破坏研究
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摘要
城市轨道交通施工由于城市可供施工空间较小，地表建（构）筑物及地下管线情况复杂，并且地铁施工是在岩土体内部进行的，施工时不可避免地扰动周围的岩土体，破坏原有的平衡状态，向新的平衡状态转化。隧道开挖使围岩产生卸载，临空面引发收敛变形，进而造成地层变形；同时，施工扰动会使地层失水，土体产生固结，引起整个地层的固结沉降。这一系列的沉降变形发展到一定的程度，将严重影响地表建（构）筑物和地下管线的安全及正常使用。因此，复杂条件下地铁施工引起的地层变形一直都是人们关注和研究的重要课题。
本文针对在城市中进行地铁施工，面临着复杂多变的地质条件、暗挖隧道结构施工工法的复杂施工工法、周边建（构）筑物和地下管线密布的复杂周边环境，施工风险和施工难度增大，施工引起地表变形机理及对周边环境的影响也相对复杂，国内外有关这方面的研究成果也比较少的问题，主要研究内容如下：
（1）在总结分析已有的有关地铁暗挖施工引起拱顶沉降和地表沉降的监测技术规范、控制指标类型和数值研究成果基础上，采用数理统计和模糊数学的方法，对城市实际变形数据进行统计分析，提出适用于实际工程的控制指标数值确定的参考建议；
（2）以广州地铁沙-凤区间小净距交叠隧道施工为实际工程背景，采用三维拉格朗日差分计算软件进行了不同开挖步序下，小净距重叠隧道施工围岩非线性力学响应的特征规律研究。研究四洞开挖的不同开挖步骤对地表变形的叠加影响，分析研究隧道的围岩与衬砌结构的变形与应力变化规律，根据研究结果提出合理的围岩加固措施控制地表变形指导现场施工，将计算结果与实际工程监测结果相比较，研究表明，两者基本吻合；
（3）研究北京地铁花园桥站洞桩法施工对邻近桥桩（花园桥）的破坏影响，利用数值模拟软件模拟了花园桥车站的暗挖车站施工过程，计算各个施工阶段地表沉降和对邻近桥桩的破坏，给出了桥梁的破坏标准。
上述研究中，将理论研究、数值模拟和现场监控量测成果对比分析，结果表明，研究成果与实际测量结果基本相符，说明文中的研究成果是合理的。对地铁工程施工起到了超前预报的效果，为实际工程提供了理论依据和指导决策作用，解决了施工中技术难题，为类似工程的设计、施工积累了宝贵的经验。
Urban rail transit construction as the city small space for construction,surfaceconstruction (structure) of buildings and underground pipeline is complex, and thesubway construction in rock and soil interior, so in construction,we inevitably disturbthe surrounding rock and soil,damage to the original equilibrium state,transform to anew equilibrium state.Tunnel excavation makes the surrounding rock unloading,freesurface causing convergence deformation,causing the ground deformation; at the sametime, the disturbance of construction will make formation water loss, soil consolidation,the entire formation of consolidation is settle. When this series of settlement develop toa certain extent,will affect the surface construction (structure) of buildings andunderground pipeline 's safety and the normal use seriously.Therefore, stratumdeformation caused by subway construction under the complex condition is theimportant topic we paid attention to and researched all the time.
The paper studied the metro construction in city, faced with the complexgeological conditions, complicated construction conditions of excavation tunnelconstruction method,complex construction project boundary conditions of thesurrounding construction (structures) of buildings and underground pipelines.Construction risk and difficulty increases, surface deformation mechanism and theimpact on the surrounding environment caused by construction is relatively complex,domestic and foreign research achievements in this field are also less.The main studiedfollowing aspects:
Firstly, this paper summarizes and analyzes monitoring technicalspecification,control index types and the numerical results of crown and surfacesettlement caused by excavation construction, through the detailed examples statisticalanalysis for typical city,put forward to the reference suggestion to control indexnumerical determination apply to the actual project.
Secondly, taking Guangzhou Metro Sha-Feng interval of small clear distanceoverlapped tunnel construction as engineering background, using3D Lagrangedifference calculation software of different excavation sequence,characteristics researchof small clear distance overlapped tunnel construction surrounding rock nonlinearmechanical response.Study on the superposition effects of four tunnels of different excavation steps to surface deformation, analysis the deformation and stress change lawof tunnel surrounding rock and lining structure,according to the research results putforward reasonable measures to reinforce surrounding rock, control the surfacedeformation and guide the construction site,the calculated results are compared withmonitoring results of actual project,research shows that,the agreement.
Thirdly, study of damagement that Beijing Metro Garden Bridge Station hole pilemethod construction to the adjacent bridge piles (Garden Bridge),using numericalsimulation software to simulate the Garden Bridge Station subsurface excavationprocess,calculate the failure on adjacent bridge piles and surface settlement in variousstage,give the bridge damage standard.
In the study, comparative analysis the theoretical research numerical simulationand field monitoring results,the results show that, research results and actualmeasurement results are basically consistent,it illustrates the research achievement isreasonable.This research gives advance forecast effect for subway engineeringconstruction,provides a theoretical basis and guidance decision,solutes the technicalproblems in construction,accumulates valuable experience for the similar engineering'sdesign and construction.
本文针对在城市中进行地铁施工，面临着复杂多变的地质条件、暗挖隧道结构施工工法的复杂施工工法、周边建（构）筑物和地下管线密布的复杂周边环境，施工风险和施工难度增大，施工引起地表变形机理及对周边环境的影响也相对复杂，国内外有关这方面的研究成果也比较少的问题，主要研究内容如下：
（1）在总结分析已有的有关地铁暗挖施工引起拱顶沉降和地表沉降的监测技术规范、控制指标类型和数值研究成果基础上，采用数理统计和模糊数学的方法，对城市实际变形数据进行统计分析，提出适用于实际工程的控制指标数值确定的参考建议；
（2）以广州地铁沙-凤区间小净距交叠隧道施工为实际工程背景，采用三维拉格朗日差分计算软件进行了不同开挖步序下，小净距重叠隧道施工围岩非线性力学响应的特征规律研究。研究四洞开挖的不同开挖步骤对地表变形的叠加影响，分析研究隧道的围岩与衬砌结构的变形与应力变化规律，根据研究结果提出合理的围岩加固措施控制地表变形指导现场施工，将计算结果与实际工程监测结果相比较，研究表明，两者基本吻合；
（3）研究北京地铁花园桥站洞桩法施工对邻近桥桩（花园桥）的破坏影响，利用数值模拟软件模拟了花园桥车站的暗挖车站施工过程，计算各个施工阶段地表沉降和对邻近桥桩的破坏，给出了桥梁的破坏标准。
上述研究中，将理论研究、数值模拟和现场监控量测成果对比分析，结果表明，研究成果与实际测量结果基本相符，说明文中的研究成果是合理的。对地铁工程施工起到了超前预报的效果，为实际工程提供了理论依据和指导决策作用，解决了施工中技术难题，为类似工程的设计、施工积累了宝贵的经验。
Urban rail transit construction as the city small space for construction,surfaceconstruction (structure) of buildings and underground pipeline is complex, and thesubway construction in rock and soil interior, so in construction,we inevitably disturbthe surrounding rock and soil,damage to the original equilibrium state,transform to anew equilibrium state.Tunnel excavation makes the surrounding rock unloading,freesurface causing convergence deformation,causing the ground deformation; at the sametime, the disturbance of construction will make formation water loss, soil consolidation,the entire formation of consolidation is settle. When this series of settlement develop toa certain extent,will affect the surface construction (structure) of buildings andunderground pipeline 's safety and the normal use seriously.Therefore, stratumdeformation caused by subway construction under the complex condition is theimportant topic we paid attention to and researched all the time.
The paper studied the metro construction in city, faced with the complexgeological conditions, complicated construction conditions of excavation tunnelconstruction method,complex construction project boundary conditions of thesurrounding construction (structures) of buildings and underground pipelines.Construction risk and difficulty increases, surface deformation mechanism and theimpact on the surrounding environment caused by construction is relatively complex,domestic and foreign research achievements in this field are also less.The main studiedfollowing aspects:
Firstly, this paper summarizes and analyzes monitoring technicalspecification,control index types and the numerical results of crown and surfacesettlement caused by excavation construction, through the detailed examples statisticalanalysis for typical city,put forward to the reference suggestion to control indexnumerical determination apply to the actual project.
Secondly, taking Guangzhou Metro Sha-Feng interval of small clear distanceoverlapped tunnel construction as engineering background, using3D Lagrangedifference calculation software of different excavation sequence,characteristics researchof small clear distance overlapped tunnel construction surrounding rock nonlinearmechanical response.Study on the superposition effects of four tunnels of different excavation steps to surface deformation, analysis the deformation and stress change lawof tunnel surrounding rock and lining structure,according to the research results putforward reasonable measures to reinforce surrounding rock, control the surfacedeformation and guide the construction site,the calculated results are compared withmonitoring results of actual project,research shows that,the agreement.
Thirdly, study of damagement that Beijing Metro Garden Bridge Station hole pilemethod construction to the adjacent bridge piles (Garden Bridge),using numericalsimulation software to simulate the Garden Bridge Station subsurface excavationprocess,calculate the failure on adjacent bridge piles and surface settlement in variousstage,give the bridge damage standard.
In the study, comparative analysis the theoretical research numerical simulationand field monitoring results,the results show that, research results and actualmeasurement results are basically consistent,it illustrates the research achievement isreasonable.This research gives advance forecast effect for subway engineeringconstruction,provides a theoretical basis and guidance decision,solutes the technicalproblems in construction,accumulates valuable experience for the similar engineering'sdesign and construction.
引文
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