跨座式单轨交通应急轨道梁选型及受力性能研究
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摘要
摘要：在跨座式单轨交通系统中,作为车辆导向和承载结构的PC轨道梁(预应力钢筋混凝土轨道梁),在运营过程中可能遭遇突发状况而损坏,导致单轨交通线路中断运营。因此,非常有必要开发出一套应急轨道梁系统,来实现对受损PC轨道梁的快速替换,从而降低单轨交通中断运营所带来的经济损失和社会影响。
单轨交通轨道梁既是承重结构又是车辆运行的导向轨,其导向功能是通过轨道梁自身的线形来实现的。在实际的单轨交通线路中,轨道梁的线形复杂多变,种类繁多,应急轨道梁不可能针对所有的PC轨道梁进行一对一设计。因此,应急轨道梁除了要具备足够的承载力及刚度外,如何实现对所有具有不同线形特征的PC轨道梁的快速替换,也是影响其选型的关键性因素。本文在对跨座式单轨交通PC轨道梁线形及受力特点进行分析的基础上,结合单轨交通轨道梁应急抢修工作的特点,对跨座式单轨交通应急轨道梁进行了选型研究。主要的研究内容和成果体现在以下几个方面：
(1)提出了单轨交通应急轨道梁的线形及力学控制指标
如何对具有不同线形特征的PC轨道梁进行替换以及是否具备足够的承载力和刚度是控制应急轨道梁选型的关键性因素。本文首先对影响PC轨道梁线形的各种因素进行分析,并在对既有单轨交通线路上PC轨道梁线形进行统计和分析的基础上,提出了应急轨道梁所应替换PC轨道梁的线形要素的类型及分布范围；其次,通过对国内外单轨交通相关设计规范的研究,结合应急轨道梁的特殊情况,分析了应急轨道梁的设计荷载类型,提出了应急轨道梁的刚度控制指标及限值,为跨座式单轨交通应急轨道梁的选型提供了重要依据。
(2)单轨交通应急轨道梁线形替换方法研究
在轨道梁所有的线形构成要素中,应急轨道梁如何实现对PC轨道梁平面线形及梁长的替换最为关键。本文提出了节段拼装应急轨道梁的线形替换理念,在此基础上,对应急轨道梁平面线形及梁长的替换方法进行了研究。主要完成了以下三个方面的工作：①参考单轨交通道岔梁的技术参数以及PC轨道梁的架设精度要求,确定了应急轨道梁平面曲线线形和梁长的替换精度目标；②针对轨道梁平面线形的特点,提出了3种不同的替换方案,建立了轨道梁在各种平面曲线线形下的数学模型,并编制了应急轨道梁平面线形替换误差计算程序。通过3种方案替换误差的比选,最终提出了采用具有4种不同圆曲线半径的应急轨道梁来实现对所有PC轨道梁平面线形进行替换的方案；③在对单轨线路上PC轨道梁梁长的分布范围及分布特点进行分析的基础上,依据应急轨道梁梁长的替换精度目标,提出了应急轨道梁梁长的实现方案,即选取具有不同长度的应急梁预制节段拼装出具有合适跨度的应急轨道梁,并基于轨道梁应急抢修工作快速性及经济性方面的考虑,对应急轨道梁节段长度的类型进行了合理的划分。
(3)进行了单轨交通应急轨道梁结构选型研究
基于应急轨道梁轮轨接触面线形调整以及应急轨道梁承载力及刚度等方面的考虑,对应急轨道梁结构方案进行了选型。通过对比各种结构方案的优缺点,最终提出了应急轨道梁采用预应力节段拼装钢箱.混凝土组合梁的结构型式,并结合轨道梁应急抢修工作的特点,对组合式应急轨道梁的构造细节进行了研究,主要包括以下几个方面：①基于薄板的弹性屈曲基本理论,并结合组合梁腹板的受力特点及相关试验研究,对组合式应急轨道梁钢箱梁腹板加劲肋的合理布置形式进行了研究；②基于组合梁的抗扭分析理论,结合相关的扭转试验,分析了组合式应急轨道梁普通钢筋配置的计算方法；③对组合式应急轨道梁预应力筋的布置形式、预应力筋的张拉顺序以及张拉控制值进行了分析和讨论。
(4)组合式应急轨道梁数值模型的建立及优化设计
通过大型有限元程序Abaqus建立了预应力节段拼装钢箱.混凝土组合式应急轨道梁的数值分析模型。在此基础上,建立了5个系列共17榀具有不同结构设计参数的组合式应急轨道梁有限元模型。研究了普通钢筋配筋率、混凝土的轴心抗压强度、钢材强度以及钢箱梁板件厚度等结构设计参数对组合式应急轨道梁受弯性能的影响。根据受弯性能影响参数的分析结果,对组合式应急轨道梁的结构设计参数进行了优化。
(5)应急轨道梁承载力评估及正常使用性能的分析与评价
基于预应力钢.混凝土组合箱梁的相关计算理论,结合预应力节段拼装钢箱.混凝土组合式应急轨道梁具体的结构特征,通过理论分析加有限元计算的方法对组合式应急轨道梁的抗弯及抗剪承载力进行了分析和研究；利用所建立的有限元数值模型,对车辆荷载作用下组合式应急轨道梁的变形进行了分析。研究结果表明,组合式应急轨道梁的承载能力及刚度完全能够满足正常使用的要求。
As the vehicle guiding and load bearing structure in monorail transit system, PC track beams (prestressed concrete track beam) may get damaged in the case of emergency situations during operation, resulting to interrupted operation of the monorail transit system. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop an emergency track beam system to facilitate rapid replacement of the damaged PC track beam, thereby reducing the economic losses and social impacts due to the interrupted operation of the monorail transit system.
Track beams on the monorail transit serve as both load bearing structure and the guiding track for the vehicle, with the latter realized by the alignment of the track beams. However, in existing monorail transit systems, track beam alignments are very complex, so it is impossible to design emergency track beams individually for all PC track beams. Therefore, in addition to meeting the basic load bearing capacity and stiffness requirements, how to achieve rapid replacement of PC track beams with different alignment characteristics has become a key factor that affects the lectotype of emergency track beams. In this paper, based on the analysis of alignment and load bearing characteristics for PC track beams on the monorail transit, and also considering the characteristics of emergency repair work for PC track beams, the lectotype of emergency track beam for monorail transit is properly selected. The main research contents and contributions are in the following aspects:
1) Proposed the alignments and mechanical indicators for emergency track beam for monorail transit
There are two key factors in emergency track beam design, namely how to replace PC track beams with different alignment characteristics and at the same time making sure they have enough load bearing capacity and stiffness. In this paper, firstly, based on analysis of the various factors that influence the design of PC track beams; and statistical analysis of alignments for PC track beams on the existing monorail transit, the types and ranges for the alignment characteristics are summarized for those PC track beams to be replaced by emergency track beams. Secondly, according to domestic and international design standards for monorail transit and considering the special circumstances for emergency track beams, the types of design loads for emergency track beam were analyzed and the limit for the stiffness of emergency track beam was proposed, providing important basis for the lectotype of emergency track beam for monorail transit.
2) Study on the alignment replacement methods for emergency track beam
Out of all consisting elements of track beam alignment, the most critical ones are the replacements of the plane alignment and beam length of PC track beams by emergency track beams. The alignment replacement concept using segmentally assembled emergency track beam was proposed in this paper, on the basis of which the replacement methods for plane alignment and beam length of emergency track beams are studied. Work has been completed mainly in the following three aspects:①Referencing to the technical parameters of turnout track beam for monorail transit as well as the erection accuracy requirements for track beams, the target replacement precisions for plane curve alignment and beam length are determined;②According to the plane alignment characteristics of track beams, three different replacement plans are proposed, the parameter equations for track beams under various plane curve alignments are established, and computer programs are created to calculate the plane alignment replacement error. By comparing the errors of the three plans, ultimately a replacement plan using emergency track beams with four different circular curve radii is proposed to realize replacement for all PC track beam plane alignments;③Based on analysis of the distribution range and distribution characteristics of the length of PC track beams on monorail line, and according to the target adjustment precision for track beam length, a beam length realization scheme for emergency track beam is proposed, that is, select prefabricated emergency beam segments with different lengths and assemble them to achieve an emergency track beam with the proper span. Also, considering the rapidity and economical aspects of the emergency repair work, the types of segment length for emergency track beams are reasonably classified.
3) Conducted a research on structural form lectotype for emergency track beams on monorail transit
Based on alignment adjustment for wheel-rail contact surfaces of emergency track beams, and also considering the load bearing capacity and stiffness of emergency track beams, the structure of the emergency track beam is designed. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various structure forms, ultimately the emergency track beam with assembled segments of prestressed steel box-concrete composite beam is proposed. According to the characteristics of the emergency repair work for track beam, its structural details are studied, mainly including the following aspects:① Based on the basic theory of the elastic buckling of thin plates, along with the mechanical characteristics for the web of composite beams and related experimental studies, the optimal placement of stiffening rib for the web of the steel box for the composite emergency track beam is investigated.②Based on the torsional resistance theory and combined with related torsional experiments for composite beams, the calculation method for regular tendon reinforcement configuration is analyzed for the composite emergency track beam.③The configuration, tensioning sequence as well as the tension control values of the prestressed tendons in the composite emergency track beams are analyzed and discussed.
4) Built numerical models for composite emergency track beams
Using the large scale finite element software Abaqus, numerical analysis models are built for the segmentally assembled prestressed steel box-concrete composite emergency track beam. Based on this,5sets of finite element models are built with a total of17composite emergency track beams with different structural design parameters. The influences of structural design parameters, such as reinforcement ratio, axial compressive strength of the concrete, the strength of steel and the plate thickness of the steel box beam, on the bending performance of the composite emergency track beams are investigated. Based on the analysis results with respect to these parameters influencing the bending performance, the structural design parameters for emergency composite track beams are optimized.
5) Analysis and evaluation of the load bearing capacity of emergency track beams and their performance under normal use
Based on associated computational theory for steel box-concrete composite beams, and along with their specific characteristics, the bending and shear capacities of composite emergency track beams are analyzed and investigated through both theoretical analysis and finite element analysis. Using the established finite element numerical model, the deformation of composite emergency track beams under vehicle load is analyzed. The results show that the load bearing capacity and stiffness of the composite emergency track beam fully meet the operation requirements.
单轨交通轨道梁既是承重结构又是车辆运行的导向轨,其导向功能是通过轨道梁自身的线形来实现的。在实际的单轨交通线路中,轨道梁的线形复杂多变,种类繁多,应急轨道梁不可能针对所有的PC轨道梁进行一对一设计。因此,应急轨道梁除了要具备足够的承载力及刚度外,如何实现对所有具有不同线形特征的PC轨道梁的快速替换,也是影响其选型的关键性因素。本文在对跨座式单轨交通PC轨道梁线形及受力特点进行分析的基础上,结合单轨交通轨道梁应急抢修工作的特点,对跨座式单轨交通应急轨道梁进行了选型研究。主要的研究内容和成果体现在以下几个方面：
(1)提出了单轨交通应急轨道梁的线形及力学控制指标
如何对具有不同线形特征的PC轨道梁进行替换以及是否具备足够的承载力和刚度是控制应急轨道梁选型的关键性因素。本文首先对影响PC轨道梁线形的各种因素进行分析,并在对既有单轨交通线路上PC轨道梁线形进行统计和分析的基础上,提出了应急轨道梁所应替换PC轨道梁的线形要素的类型及分布范围；其次,通过对国内外单轨交通相关设计规范的研究,结合应急轨道梁的特殊情况,分析了应急轨道梁的设计荷载类型,提出了应急轨道梁的刚度控制指标及限值,为跨座式单轨交通应急轨道梁的选型提供了重要依据。
(2)单轨交通应急轨道梁线形替换方法研究
在轨道梁所有的线形构成要素中,应急轨道梁如何实现对PC轨道梁平面线形及梁长的替换最为关键。本文提出了节段拼装应急轨道梁的线形替换理念,在此基础上,对应急轨道梁平面线形及梁长的替换方法进行了研究。主要完成了以下三个方面的工作：①参考单轨交通道岔梁的技术参数以及PC轨道梁的架设精度要求,确定了应急轨道梁平面曲线线形和梁长的替换精度目标；②针对轨道梁平面线形的特点,提出了3种不同的替换方案,建立了轨道梁在各种平面曲线线形下的数学模型,并编制了应急轨道梁平面线形替换误差计算程序。通过3种方案替换误差的比选,最终提出了采用具有4种不同圆曲线半径的应急轨道梁来实现对所有PC轨道梁平面线形进行替换的方案；③在对单轨线路上PC轨道梁梁长的分布范围及分布特点进行分析的基础上,依据应急轨道梁梁长的替换精度目标,提出了应急轨道梁梁长的实现方案,即选取具有不同长度的应急梁预制节段拼装出具有合适跨度的应急轨道梁,并基于轨道梁应急抢修工作快速性及经济性方面的考虑,对应急轨道梁节段长度的类型进行了合理的划分。
(3)进行了单轨交通应急轨道梁结构选型研究
基于应急轨道梁轮轨接触面线形调整以及应急轨道梁承载力及刚度等方面的考虑,对应急轨道梁结构方案进行了选型。通过对比各种结构方案的优缺点,最终提出了应急轨道梁采用预应力节段拼装钢箱.混凝土组合梁的结构型式,并结合轨道梁应急抢修工作的特点,对组合式应急轨道梁的构造细节进行了研究,主要包括以下几个方面：①基于薄板的弹性屈曲基本理论,并结合组合梁腹板的受力特点及相关试验研究,对组合式应急轨道梁钢箱梁腹板加劲肋的合理布置形式进行了研究；②基于组合梁的抗扭分析理论,结合相关的扭转试验,分析了组合式应急轨道梁普通钢筋配置的计算方法；③对组合式应急轨道梁预应力筋的布置形式、预应力筋的张拉顺序以及张拉控制值进行了分析和讨论。
(4)组合式应急轨道梁数值模型的建立及优化设计
通过大型有限元程序Abaqus建立了预应力节段拼装钢箱.混凝土组合式应急轨道梁的数值分析模型。在此基础上,建立了5个系列共17榀具有不同结构设计参数的组合式应急轨道梁有限元模型。研究了普通钢筋配筋率、混凝土的轴心抗压强度、钢材强度以及钢箱梁板件厚度等结构设计参数对组合式应急轨道梁受弯性能的影响。根据受弯性能影响参数的分析结果,对组合式应急轨道梁的结构设计参数进行了优化。
(5)应急轨道梁承载力评估及正常使用性能的分析与评价
基于预应力钢.混凝土组合箱梁的相关计算理论,结合预应力节段拼装钢箱.混凝土组合式应急轨道梁具体的结构特征,通过理论分析加有限元计算的方法对组合式应急轨道梁的抗弯及抗剪承载力进行了分析和研究；利用所建立的有限元数值模型,对车辆荷载作用下组合式应急轨道梁的变形进行了分析。研究结果表明,组合式应急轨道梁的承载能力及刚度完全能够满足正常使用的要求。
As the vehicle guiding and load bearing structure in monorail transit system, PC track beams (prestressed concrete track beam) may get damaged in the case of emergency situations during operation, resulting to interrupted operation of the monorail transit system. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop an emergency track beam system to facilitate rapid replacement of the damaged PC track beam, thereby reducing the economic losses and social impacts due to the interrupted operation of the monorail transit system.
Track beams on the monorail transit serve as both load bearing structure and the guiding track for the vehicle, with the latter realized by the alignment of the track beams. However, in existing monorail transit systems, track beam alignments are very complex, so it is impossible to design emergency track beams individually for all PC track beams. Therefore, in addition to meeting the basic load bearing capacity and stiffness requirements, how to achieve rapid replacement of PC track beams with different alignment characteristics has become a key factor that affects the lectotype of emergency track beams. In this paper, based on the analysis of alignment and load bearing characteristics for PC track beams on the monorail transit, and also considering the characteristics of emergency repair work for PC track beams, the lectotype of emergency track beam for monorail transit is properly selected. The main research contents and contributions are in the following aspects:
1) Proposed the alignments and mechanical indicators for emergency track beam for monorail transit
There are two key factors in emergency track beam design, namely how to replace PC track beams with different alignment characteristics and at the same time making sure they have enough load bearing capacity and stiffness. In this paper, firstly, based on analysis of the various factors that influence the design of PC track beams; and statistical analysis of alignments for PC track beams on the existing monorail transit, the types and ranges for the alignment characteristics are summarized for those PC track beams to be replaced by emergency track beams. Secondly, according to domestic and international design standards for monorail transit and considering the special circumstances for emergency track beams, the types of design loads for emergency track beam were analyzed and the limit for the stiffness of emergency track beam was proposed, providing important basis for the lectotype of emergency track beam for monorail transit.
2) Study on the alignment replacement methods for emergency track beam
Out of all consisting elements of track beam alignment, the most critical ones are the replacements of the plane alignment and beam length of PC track beams by emergency track beams. The alignment replacement concept using segmentally assembled emergency track beam was proposed in this paper, on the basis of which the replacement methods for plane alignment and beam length of emergency track beams are studied. Work has been completed mainly in the following three aspects:①Referencing to the technical parameters of turnout track beam for monorail transit as well as the erection accuracy requirements for track beams, the target replacement precisions for plane curve alignment and beam length are determined;②According to the plane alignment characteristics of track beams, three different replacement plans are proposed, the parameter equations for track beams under various plane curve alignments are established, and computer programs are created to calculate the plane alignment replacement error. By comparing the errors of the three plans, ultimately a replacement plan using emergency track beams with four different circular curve radii is proposed to realize replacement for all PC track beam plane alignments;③Based on analysis of the distribution range and distribution characteristics of the length of PC track beams on monorail line, and according to the target adjustment precision for track beam length, a beam length realization scheme for emergency track beam is proposed, that is, select prefabricated emergency beam segments with different lengths and assemble them to achieve an emergency track beam with the proper span. Also, considering the rapidity and economical aspects of the emergency repair work, the types of segment length for emergency track beams are reasonably classified.
3) Conducted a research on structural form lectotype for emergency track beams on monorail transit
Based on alignment adjustment for wheel-rail contact surfaces of emergency track beams, and also considering the load bearing capacity and stiffness of emergency track beams, the structure of the emergency track beam is designed. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various structure forms, ultimately the emergency track beam with assembled segments of prestressed steel box-concrete composite beam is proposed. According to the characteristics of the emergency repair work for track beam, its structural details are studied, mainly including the following aspects:① Based on the basic theory of the elastic buckling of thin plates, along with the mechanical characteristics for the web of composite beams and related experimental studies, the optimal placement of stiffening rib for the web of the steel box for the composite emergency track beam is investigated.②Based on the torsional resistance theory and combined with related torsional experiments for composite beams, the calculation method for regular tendon reinforcement configuration is analyzed for the composite emergency track beam.③The configuration, tensioning sequence as well as the tension control values of the prestressed tendons in the composite emergency track beams are analyzed and discussed.
4) Built numerical models for composite emergency track beams
Using the large scale finite element software Abaqus, numerical analysis models are built for the segmentally assembled prestressed steel box-concrete composite emergency track beam. Based on this,5sets of finite element models are built with a total of17composite emergency track beams with different structural design parameters. The influences of structural design parameters, such as reinforcement ratio, axial compressive strength of the concrete, the strength of steel and the plate thickness of the steel box beam, on the bending performance of the composite emergency track beams are investigated. Based on the analysis results with respect to these parameters influencing the bending performance, the structural design parameters for emergency composite track beams are optimized.
5) Analysis and evaluation of the load bearing capacity of emergency track beams and their performance under normal use
Based on associated computational theory for steel box-concrete composite beams, and along with their specific characteristics, the bending and shear capacities of composite emergency track beams are analyzed and investigated through both theoretical analysis and finite element analysis. Using the established finite element numerical model, the deformation of composite emergency track beams under vehicle load is analyzed. The results show that the load bearing capacity and stiffness of the composite emergency track beam fully meet the operation requirements.
引文
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