基于改进蚁群算法梯式轨道及橡胶混凝土隔振基础优化研究
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摘要
近几年,随着我国地铁建设的快速发展,地铁振动产生的问题也日益严重。地铁列车引起的振动不仅影响线路两侧精密仪器的正常使用,更导致沿线居民的正常生活受到影响。梯式轨道作为一种新型轨道减振措施,在一定程度上解决了上述问题。但是,如何更好地发挥梯式轨道的减振性能以及协调减振效果和列车运行安全性两者之间的平衡关系,成为亟待研究的问题。
针对以上问题,结合国内外研究现况,对梯式轨道枕下减振垫铺设型式、单块梯式轨道长度、扣件竖向刚度和枕下减振垫竖向等效刚度进行了优化分析。其中,重点研究了梯式轨道在环境振动要求的减振量和行车安全要求的动态钢轨位移量之间的平衡关系。另外,本文还探索研究了适用于梯式轨道的橡胶混凝土隔振基础,扩大了梯式轨道在城市轨道交通减振降噪的能力。
论文主要研究内容及结论如下：
(1)通过研究不同类型蚁群优化算法,提出了单目标“觅食-返巢”机制连续域蚁群算法(SO-FHACO)。并通过函数测试,认为SO-FHACO在全局搜索、早熟收敛和收敛过慢等方面都很优秀。在SO-FHACO基础上,推导了基于Pareto原理的多目标“觅食-返巢”机制连续域蚁群算法(MO-FHACO)。
(2)对单块梯式轨道进行了实验室测试,研究了枕下减振垫不同铺设形式对梯式轨道动力特性的影响。认为在现有梯式轨道枕下减振垫铺设型式基础上,再增设梯梁端部减振垫,可提高梯式轨道减振效果。
(3)对3.65/6.15/8.65m长梯式轨道进行了数值模态分析,得到了不同长度梯式轨道的各阶振型和对应的自振频率。在此基础上,通过时程分析、频谱分析、传递率分析以及传递损失分析,认为现行6.15m长梯式轨道单元相比另两种长度梯式轨道具有更好的减振性能。
(4)将“觅食-返巢”机制连续域蚁群算法(FHACO)嫁接到Ls-Dyna动力有限元软件,利用Matlab实现了自编程序FHACO和商业软件Ls-Dyna之间的数据传递。由此,开发出了具有物理参数优化功能的FHACO&Ls-Dyna软件。利用该软件,针对减振性能和列车运行安全性的平衡关系,对梯式轨枕道扣件竖向刚度和枕下减振垫等效竖向刚度进行了优化分析。进一步,优化分析了能为梯式轨道提供最优减振效果的橡胶混凝土隔振基础参数。
In recent years, subway vibration problem has become increasingly severe as China's rapid development of subway construction. Vibration induced by the subway train will affect not only the normal use of precision instruments, but also the normal life of residents along the subway lines. Ladder track, as a new vibration-reduced track, has solved some above problems, but there are still many issues to be analyzed.
In view of this, laying type of sleeper-pads, length of ladder track, vertical stiffness of fasteners and equivalent vertical stiffness of sleeper-pads were analyzed. We mainly focused on the relationship between the vibration-reduced effect and the displacement of rail. In addition, we developed the CRC foundation which expands the damping capabilities of ladder track used in urban subway.
The main contents are as follows:
(1) By studying different ant colony optimization algorithms, a single-objective "foraging-homing" mechanism continuous domain colony algorithm (SO-FHACO) was proposed. And through the functional tests, SO-FHACO shows great abilities in global search, premature convergence and slow convergence. Then, multi-objective "foraging-homing" mechanism continuous domain colony algorithm (MO-FHACO) was obtained based on the Pareto principle by SO-FHACO.
(2) The laboratory test of ladder track was carried out to study the dynamical characteristics of ladder track by different laying types of sleeper-pads. The results show that, additional sleeper-pads should be set at the end of ladder track for better ability of controlling vibration.
(3) Vibration modes and corresponding natural frequencies of3.65/6.15/8.65m ladder track were obtained by the numerical modal analysis. Through time history analysis, spectrum analysis, transfer rate analysis and transmission loss analysis, we think6.15m ladder track has better damping properties.
(4) FHACO was grafted onto Ls-Dyna dynamic finite element software. Matlab was employed to exchange the data between FHACO and commercial software Ls-Dyna. Thus, software FHACO&Ls-Dyna was developed. Using FHACO&Ls-Dyna, vertical stiffness of fasteners and equivalent vertical stiffness of sleeper-pads were optimized considering the balance of damping effect and train operation safety. Then, the parameters of CRC foundation for improving damping abilities of ladder track were optimized.
针对以上问题,结合国内外研究现况,对梯式轨道枕下减振垫铺设型式、单块梯式轨道长度、扣件竖向刚度和枕下减振垫竖向等效刚度进行了优化分析。其中,重点研究了梯式轨道在环境振动要求的减振量和行车安全要求的动态钢轨位移量之间的平衡关系。另外,本文还探索研究了适用于梯式轨道的橡胶混凝土隔振基础,扩大了梯式轨道在城市轨道交通减振降噪的能力。
论文主要研究内容及结论如下：
(1)通过研究不同类型蚁群优化算法,提出了单目标“觅食-返巢”机制连续域蚁群算法(SO-FHACO)。并通过函数测试,认为SO-FHACO在全局搜索、早熟收敛和收敛过慢等方面都很优秀。在SO-FHACO基础上,推导了基于Pareto原理的多目标“觅食-返巢”机制连续域蚁群算法(MO-FHACO)。
(2)对单块梯式轨道进行了实验室测试,研究了枕下减振垫不同铺设形式对梯式轨道动力特性的影响。认为在现有梯式轨道枕下减振垫铺设型式基础上,再增设梯梁端部减振垫,可提高梯式轨道减振效果。
(3)对3.65/6.15/8.65m长梯式轨道进行了数值模态分析,得到了不同长度梯式轨道的各阶振型和对应的自振频率。在此基础上,通过时程分析、频谱分析、传递率分析以及传递损失分析,认为现行6.15m长梯式轨道单元相比另两种长度梯式轨道具有更好的减振性能。
(4)将“觅食-返巢”机制连续域蚁群算法(FHACO)嫁接到Ls-Dyna动力有限元软件,利用Matlab实现了自编程序FHACO和商业软件Ls-Dyna之间的数据传递。由此,开发出了具有物理参数优化功能的FHACO&Ls-Dyna软件。利用该软件,针对减振性能和列车运行安全性的平衡关系,对梯式轨枕道扣件竖向刚度和枕下减振垫等效竖向刚度进行了优化分析。进一步,优化分析了能为梯式轨道提供最优减振效果的橡胶混凝土隔振基础参数。
In recent years, subway vibration problem has become increasingly severe as China's rapid development of subway construction. Vibration induced by the subway train will affect not only the normal use of precision instruments, but also the normal life of residents along the subway lines. Ladder track, as a new vibration-reduced track, has solved some above problems, but there are still many issues to be analyzed.
In view of this, laying type of sleeper-pads, length of ladder track, vertical stiffness of fasteners and equivalent vertical stiffness of sleeper-pads were analyzed. We mainly focused on the relationship between the vibration-reduced effect and the displacement of rail. In addition, we developed the CRC foundation which expands the damping capabilities of ladder track used in urban subway.
The main contents are as follows:
(1) By studying different ant colony optimization algorithms, a single-objective "foraging-homing" mechanism continuous domain colony algorithm (SO-FHACO) was proposed. And through the functional tests, SO-FHACO shows great abilities in global search, premature convergence and slow convergence. Then, multi-objective "foraging-homing" mechanism continuous domain colony algorithm (MO-FHACO) was obtained based on the Pareto principle by SO-FHACO.
(2) The laboratory test of ladder track was carried out to study the dynamical characteristics of ladder track by different laying types of sleeper-pads. The results show that, additional sleeper-pads should be set at the end of ladder track for better ability of controlling vibration.
(3) Vibration modes and corresponding natural frequencies of3.65/6.15/8.65m ladder track were obtained by the numerical modal analysis. Through time history analysis, spectrum analysis, transfer rate analysis and transmission loss analysis, we think6.15m ladder track has better damping properties.
(4) FHACO was grafted onto Ls-Dyna dynamic finite element software. Matlab was employed to exchange the data between FHACO and commercial software Ls-Dyna. Thus, software FHACO&Ls-Dyna was developed. Using FHACO&Ls-Dyna, vertical stiffness of fasteners and equivalent vertical stiffness of sleeper-pads were optimized considering the balance of damping effect and train operation safety. Then, the parameters of CRC foundation for improving damping abilities of ladder track were optimized.
引文
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