北京市周边非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造设计研究
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摘要
本文在风景园林设计领域引入设计研究理论，运用“通过设计之研究”的方法体系，针对北京市非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造，开展由多个相关联的设计过程所构成的设计师式研究。通过设计研究，本文验证了景观改造与环境治理相结合，以及以技术美学为导向的设计方法，总结了非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造设计经验，填补了风景园林学领域针对非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造问题的研究空白，同时设计研究过程又对“通过设计之研究”的方法体系做了创新性的发展。
本文主张在风景园林设计领域中应用“通过设计之研究”的方法体系。文中系统介绍了设计研究理论相关概念和发展过程，梳理和辨析了“设计师式研究”的方法，提出该方法体系对设计学科具有认识论意义，对风景园林设计研究具有方法论意义，对研究行为具有社会性意义。
在此基础上，本文应用“设计师式研究”的方法体系针对北京市非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造的具体问题展开设计研究。本文首先对我国现行城市生活垃圾管理和环境保护治理机制进行梳理，形成了开展案例研究的参照框架。随后对照景观改造在现行体系中的地位和作用，对国外填埋场景观改造的成熟案例进行分析和研究。在案例研究的基础上，本文提出了北京市周边非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造设计方法的理论设想，即在设计的流程上“整合景观改造与环境保护治理过程”，在设计的概念上“以技术美学价值为导向”。
本文通过“温州杨府山生活垃圾填埋场封场处置与生态恢复工程”，以及“第九届国际园林博览会锦绣谷景观设计”两个设计过程分别验证了以上两项理论设想。在此基础上，论文选取了北京市周边典型的非正规垃圾填埋场作为设计对象，综合应用上述设计方法形成相关设计成果，进而通过设计反思总结设计经验，形成有助于风景园林师应对同类问题的专门设计知识。其主要内容包括设计过程的延伸、规划布局的原则，以及场地要素的转化等。
本文通过案例研究及三个设计项目在内的上述设计研究过程，形成了完整的“设计师式研究”的框架。该框架在风景园林设计领域应用了“通过设计之研究”的方法体系，突破了单一设计过程承载研究行为的现有理论，从而推进了“通过设计之研究”理论的新发展。
This dissertation initiates a process of Designerly Research, which is composed bya series of related design processes, to study the landscape conversion of irregularlandfills surrounding Beijing city. The research verifies the design principle ofcombining landscape conversion and environmental remediation, as well as theprinciple of technological aesthetics. The design experiences to convert the landscape ofirregular landfills are summerised. The foundings on the landscape design of irregularlandfills fill a theoricial gap in the field of landscape architecture. The process of theresearch, known as “Designerly Research”, also contributes renovated development tothe methodology of “Research through Design”(RtD).
This dissertation articulates the application of the methodology of RtD in the fieldof landscape architecture. The concpets and definitions on design research and itshistorical developments are introduced systematically. Then, by revealing itsepistemological significance to design discipline, methodological significance tolandscape architectural design research and social significance to academic research, themethod of Designerly Research is identified and discussed.
Based on aforementioned discussion, this dissertation initiates the research into thespecific problems of landscape conversion of irregular landfills surrounding Beijing city,by applying the methodology of Designerly Research. Firstly, a reference framework isset up for case study, which is structured by exploring existing urban municipal wastemanagement and environmential protecting mechanism in China. Then, successful casesfrom developed contries are studied with the comparison to the position and function ofthe landscape conversion in China according to the reference framework. The results ofcase study help to raise the theoretical hypothesis for the design methods of landscapeconversion of irregular landfills surrounding Beijing, which is:“combining the processof landscape conversion and environmental remediation” in the design procedure and“taking the value of technological aesthetics as design principle” for the design concept.
The first part of the hypothesis is verified with the project of sealing disposal andecological restoration of the municipal waste landfill of Yangfushan in Wenzhou. Thesecond part of the hypothesis is verified with the project of the design of “the splendidvalley” in the9th China (Beijing) International Garden Exposition. After reflecting andverifying the hypothesis by the two independent projects, the dissertation chooses a characteristic site of the irregular landfills in Beijing to complete the landscapeconversion design by synthetically implementing the design methods raised by theverified hypothesis. With design reflection, design experiences in this project aresummarized and specialized design knowledge on similar problems for landscapearchitects is structured. They generally cover the aspects of the extension of landscapedesign process, the principles of site planning and space layout, the transformation ofstie elements and so forth.
The aforementioned research process that includes the case study and threeprojects composes a complete structure of Designerly Research. It is the application ofthe methodology of RtD in the field of landscape architecture. It develops the existingtheory that bases on single design process, and contributes renovated development tothe methodology of Research through Design.
本文主张在风景园林设计领域中应用“通过设计之研究”的方法体系。文中系统介绍了设计研究理论相关概念和发展过程，梳理和辨析了“设计师式研究”的方法，提出该方法体系对设计学科具有认识论意义，对风景园林设计研究具有方法论意义，对研究行为具有社会性意义。
在此基础上，本文应用“设计师式研究”的方法体系针对北京市非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造的具体问题展开设计研究。本文首先对我国现行城市生活垃圾管理和环境保护治理机制进行梳理，形成了开展案例研究的参照框架。随后对照景观改造在现行体系中的地位和作用，对国外填埋场景观改造的成熟案例进行分析和研究。在案例研究的基础上，本文提出了北京市周边非正规垃圾填埋场景观改造设计方法的理论设想，即在设计的流程上“整合景观改造与环境保护治理过程”，在设计的概念上“以技术美学价值为导向”。
本文通过“温州杨府山生活垃圾填埋场封场处置与生态恢复工程”，以及“第九届国际园林博览会锦绣谷景观设计”两个设计过程分别验证了以上两项理论设想。在此基础上，论文选取了北京市周边典型的非正规垃圾填埋场作为设计对象，综合应用上述设计方法形成相关设计成果，进而通过设计反思总结设计经验，形成有助于风景园林师应对同类问题的专门设计知识。其主要内容包括设计过程的延伸、规划布局的原则，以及场地要素的转化等。
本文通过案例研究及三个设计项目在内的上述设计研究过程，形成了完整的“设计师式研究”的框架。该框架在风景园林设计领域应用了“通过设计之研究”的方法体系，突破了单一设计过程承载研究行为的现有理论，从而推进了“通过设计之研究”理论的新发展。
This dissertation initiates a process of Designerly Research, which is composed bya series of related design processes, to study the landscape conversion of irregularlandfills surrounding Beijing city. The research verifies the design principle ofcombining landscape conversion and environmental remediation, as well as theprinciple of technological aesthetics. The design experiences to convert the landscape ofirregular landfills are summerised. The foundings on the landscape design of irregularlandfills fill a theoricial gap in the field of landscape architecture. The process of theresearch, known as “Designerly Research”, also contributes renovated development tothe methodology of “Research through Design”(RtD).
This dissertation articulates the application of the methodology of RtD in the fieldof landscape architecture. The concpets and definitions on design research and itshistorical developments are introduced systematically. Then, by revealing itsepistemological significance to design discipline, methodological significance tolandscape architectural design research and social significance to academic research, themethod of Designerly Research is identified and discussed.
Based on aforementioned discussion, this dissertation initiates the research into thespecific problems of landscape conversion of irregular landfills surrounding Beijing city,by applying the methodology of Designerly Research. Firstly, a reference framework isset up for case study, which is structured by exploring existing urban municipal wastemanagement and environmential protecting mechanism in China. Then, successful casesfrom developed contries are studied with the comparison to the position and function ofthe landscape conversion in China according to the reference framework. The results ofcase study help to raise the theoretical hypothesis for the design methods of landscapeconversion of irregular landfills surrounding Beijing, which is:“combining the processof landscape conversion and environmental remediation” in the design procedure and“taking the value of technological aesthetics as design principle” for the design concept.
The first part of the hypothesis is verified with the project of sealing disposal andecological restoration of the municipal waste landfill of Yangfushan in Wenzhou. Thesecond part of the hypothesis is verified with the project of the design of “the splendidvalley” in the9th China (Beijing) International Garden Exposition. After reflecting andverifying the hypothesis by the two independent projects, the dissertation chooses a characteristic site of the irregular landfills in Beijing to complete the landscapeconversion design by synthetically implementing the design methods raised by theverified hypothesis. With design reflection, design experiences in this project aresummarized and specialized design knowledge on similar problems for landscapearchitects is structured. They generally cover the aspects of the extension of landscapedesign process, the principles of site planning and space layout, the transformation ofstie elements and so forth.
The aforementioned research process that includes the case study and threeprojects composes a complete structure of Designerly Research. It is the application ofthe methodology of RtD in the field of landscape architecture. It develops the existingtheory that bases on single design process, and contributes renovated development tothe methodology of Research through Design.
引文
①引自《增设风景园林为一级学科报告》
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