山区高速公路交通安全分析与设施保障技术研究
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摘要
山区高速公路沿线地质地形条件复杂，整体线形指标较差，且雨雾冰雪等恶劣天气多发，不利于行车安全，亟待科学有效的交通安全改善措施。本研究依托大广高速泰赣段、沪昆高速昌金段2964起事故统计数据，系统研究山区高速公路交通安全分析与设施功能提升理论方法、实用技术，旨在提高其整体安全水平和服务性能。
对事故数据进行挖掘，分析了事故分布特征，构建了道路几何线形指标与事故率间的统计关系模型。山区高速公路线形不良路段众多，交通流复杂，大型货车比例大，车辆超速重载情况常见，在线形不良路段易引发冲出路外或追尾等严重事故。研究提出了山区高速公路线形一致性的评价三准则，即设计一致性、运行速度一致性、车辆动力性能一致性，确定了“好”、“可接受”、“差”三级标准。构建了山区高速公路交通安全水平评价的灰色聚类的方法，以泰赣高速为例进行了案例分析。
对比评述了常用事故多发点鉴别的方法，采用5种方法分析大广高速泰赣区间K2951–K2998段的事故分布状况，认定同时被4种及以上方法确定的30个路段为事故多发点段，并聚类为8个事故多发路段群，以诊断其成因。根据井睦高速的设计资料，构建了其几何线形指标(平曲线半径、平曲线转角、坡度)与亿车公里事故率间的统计关系模型，评估其建成投入运营期间的安全状况。
遵循“视觉诱导”、“视觉警示”、“触觉强制减速”、“事故防护”的安保工程设计思想，系统研究了视觉诱导设施、视觉警示设施、强制减速设施、路侧视域净区(直线段、曲线段、纵坡段)、防眩板、路侧防撞护栏及紧急避险车道的设置方法和技术要求，以便于车辆偏离正常行车道时引导和警示安全行车，并做好刹车失灵等突发事件时紧急避险及防护。以大广高速泰赣段K2965+971至K2976+571区间的连续长大下坡为研究对象，引入经验贝叶斯模型，对其安装振动减速标线进行了效能评价。
本研究相关成果可为山区高速公路的设计与运营管理提供一定技术支撑，对平原区等其它类型高速公路的安全保障同样有所借鉴和参考。
The geological and topographical conditions along the mountainous freeway arecomplicated, the overall geometric factors are poor and horrible weather such as rain, fog,ice and snow often occurs, which is not conducive to vehicle operation, so it is inevitableto take some scientific and effective measures to improve traffic safety. In order to improvethe overall safety level of mountainous freeway, this study analyzed the mountainousfreeway security theoretical methods and practical technology relying on2964accidentsdata of Taigan Section of Daguang and Changjin Section of Hukun Freeway.
This research did data mining, analyzed the accident distribution characteristics andestablished the statistical model between road geometry factors and accident rate. Ofmountainous freeway traffic flow is complicated, truck ratio is high, speeding and overloadcondition often occurs, and speed dispersion degree is high, which easily lead to severeaccidents such as vehicle running off the road and rear-end accidents. This paper proposedthree criterion of speed coordination evaluation, namely design consistency, operatingspeed consistency and vehicle dynamic performance consistency, and determined the threelevel of “good”,“acceptable” and “bad”, and the grey cluster method was introduced tomeasure the overall safety performance of mountainous freeway.
Besides, this paper compared and narrated accident-prone point identificationmethods, analyzed accident distribution condition from K2951to K2998in Taigan Sectionof Daguang Freeway using6methods, determined30accident-prone sections by4andover methods commonly and cluster into8accident-prone groups to diagnose the reason.According to Jingmu Freeway design information, this paper established the relationshipmodel between accidents per100MVK and horizontal curve radius, horizontal curve angle,slope gradient; and evaluated the safety condition of Jingmu Freeway operation afterconstruction.
Following the security engineering design ideas of “vision induction”,“visionwarning”,“touch forcing deceleration” and “accident prevention”, this papersystematically studied the setting methods and technical requirements of vision inductionfacility, vision warning facility, forcing deceleration facility, roadside net domain,anti-dizzy board and fence to guide and warn driver driving safely and to make emergencyprotection under the brake failure. Taking the continuous long down section fromK2965+971to K2976+571in Taigan Section as an object, this research introduced the empirical Bayes model and evaluated the performance of vibration deceleration marking.
The results of the study could provide technology support for mountainous freewaydesign and operation management and could provide reference for freeways in plain area.
对事故数据进行挖掘，分析了事故分布特征，构建了道路几何线形指标与事故率间的统计关系模型。山区高速公路线形不良路段众多，交通流复杂，大型货车比例大，车辆超速重载情况常见，在线形不良路段易引发冲出路外或追尾等严重事故。研究提出了山区高速公路线形一致性的评价三准则，即设计一致性、运行速度一致性、车辆动力性能一致性，确定了“好”、“可接受”、“差”三级标准。构建了山区高速公路交通安全水平评价的灰色聚类的方法，以泰赣高速为例进行了案例分析。
对比评述了常用事故多发点鉴别的方法，采用5种方法分析大广高速泰赣区间K2951–K2998段的事故分布状况，认定同时被4种及以上方法确定的30个路段为事故多发点段，并聚类为8个事故多发路段群，以诊断其成因。根据井睦高速的设计资料，构建了其几何线形指标(平曲线半径、平曲线转角、坡度)与亿车公里事故率间的统计关系模型，评估其建成投入运营期间的安全状况。
遵循“视觉诱导”、“视觉警示”、“触觉强制减速”、“事故防护”的安保工程设计思想，系统研究了视觉诱导设施、视觉警示设施、强制减速设施、路侧视域净区(直线段、曲线段、纵坡段)、防眩板、路侧防撞护栏及紧急避险车道的设置方法和技术要求，以便于车辆偏离正常行车道时引导和警示安全行车，并做好刹车失灵等突发事件时紧急避险及防护。以大广高速泰赣段K2965+971至K2976+571区间的连续长大下坡为研究对象，引入经验贝叶斯模型，对其安装振动减速标线进行了效能评价。
本研究相关成果可为山区高速公路的设计与运营管理提供一定技术支撑，对平原区等其它类型高速公路的安全保障同样有所借鉴和参考。
The geological and topographical conditions along the mountainous freeway arecomplicated, the overall geometric factors are poor and horrible weather such as rain, fog,ice and snow often occurs, which is not conducive to vehicle operation, so it is inevitableto take some scientific and effective measures to improve traffic safety. In order to improvethe overall safety level of mountainous freeway, this study analyzed the mountainousfreeway security theoretical methods and practical technology relying on2964accidentsdata of Taigan Section of Daguang and Changjin Section of Hukun Freeway.
This research did data mining, analyzed the accident distribution characteristics andestablished the statistical model between road geometry factors and accident rate. Ofmountainous freeway traffic flow is complicated, truck ratio is high, speeding and overloadcondition often occurs, and speed dispersion degree is high, which easily lead to severeaccidents such as vehicle running off the road and rear-end accidents. This paper proposedthree criterion of speed coordination evaluation, namely design consistency, operatingspeed consistency and vehicle dynamic performance consistency, and determined the threelevel of “good”,“acceptable” and “bad”, and the grey cluster method was introduced tomeasure the overall safety performance of mountainous freeway.
Besides, this paper compared and narrated accident-prone point identificationmethods, analyzed accident distribution condition from K2951to K2998in Taigan Sectionof Daguang Freeway using6methods, determined30accident-prone sections by4andover methods commonly and cluster into8accident-prone groups to diagnose the reason.According to Jingmu Freeway design information, this paper established the relationshipmodel between accidents per100MVK and horizontal curve radius, horizontal curve angle,slope gradient; and evaluated the safety condition of Jingmu Freeway operation afterconstruction.
Following the security engineering design ideas of “vision induction”,“visionwarning”,“touch forcing deceleration” and “accident prevention”, this papersystematically studied the setting methods and technical requirements of vision inductionfacility, vision warning facility, forcing deceleration facility, roadside net domain,anti-dizzy board and fence to guide and warn driver driving safely and to make emergencyprotection under the brake failure. Taking the continuous long down section fromK2965+971to K2976+571in Taigan Section as an object, this research introduced the empirical Bayes model and evaluated the performance of vibration deceleration marking.
The results of the study could provide technology support for mountainous freewaydesign and operation management and could provide reference for freeways in plain area.
引文
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