电厂磨机返料在稀相振动气固流化床中的颗粒分离行为
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摘要
气固流化床分选技术已成为干法选煤研究的热点，细粒煤流化床分选技术及理论也得到了快速发展。本论文在综述了国内外流化床分选技术及相关文献的基础上，从节能减排的目的出发，将流化床干法分选技术引入电厂磨煤制粉过程，围绕燃煤电厂磨煤机返料中黄铁矿等高密度、高硬度矿物质组分的去除，开展了振动流化床分选0.5mm以下粒级物料的相关基础研究。论文研究了在无外加重介质条件下颗粒在流化床中的受力情况，研究了颗粒在不同雷诺数下运动时的阻力系数差异，并加入振动作用在颗粒上的正弦力，建立了振动流化床不同区域内颗粒运动动力学模型，得到颗粒加速度公式。解释了颗粒在振动流化床中的分离机理，设计了振动流化床连续分选装置并进行了连续分选试验，为细粒物料在无外加重介质条件下的振动流化床分选提供了研究基础。
对颗粒运动动力学模型的数值模拟结果表明该模型适用于计算和描述颗粒在振动流化床中的运动速度和轨迹。计算流体力学模拟结果表明，在稀相和密相两种流化状态的作用下，不同颗粒在流化床中的不同区域运动、聚集，最终按密度进行了分层。
磨煤机返料粒度较细，主要集中在0.125~0.25mm，属Geldart B类颗粒。模拟物料和实际物料流化特性试验结果表明，振动可显著降低流化床起始流化速度和床层膨胀率，分选特性实验结果表明，模拟物料和实际物料均存在按粒度分级现象，并按密度进行了分层。在流化数为3，振动频率为55Hz时，物料分选效率较高，各层产物粒度、密度分布较均匀，其中实际物料的重产物灰分为78.46%，轻、重产品灰分差值为37.39%，分选效率为51.14%，可燃体回收率达到了94.05%。扫描电镜背散射成像和能谱仪元素面分布研究表明，返料中的粘土矿物，黄铁矿等高密度组分得到分离。研究还表明，磨机返料中微细粒级煤粉的存在，使流化床层粒度和密度分布更稳定。
研究了振动力场的加入对分选过程的影响，高速动态摄像分析结果表明振动促进了气泡的兼并，并在流化床径向截面形成向上做规律周期的运动气塞，尽管气塞的运动对床层的稳定性有影响，但对颗粒按密度分离有利。颗粒在振动流化床中的分离机理表明，颗粒通过气泡稀相和粒群密相的协同作用，最终在干扰沉降过程中通过沉降末速的不同而得到分离。
进行了磨机返料连续分选试验，研究了轻、重产物灰分值、分选效率和可燃体回收率与操作气速、振动频率和给料速度之间的关系，结果表明，操作气速为13.2cm/s，振动频率为55Hz、给料速度为1.5kg/min时，综合分选效果最好，轻、重产物灰分分别为45.37%和75.67%，分选效率和可燃体回收率最高，分别为58.33%和88.64%。试验结果证明了磨机返料振动流化床分选的可行性。
The gas-solid fluidized bed separation technology is the research focus on drycoal preparation. The fluidized bed separation technology for fine coal cleaning hasbeen developed rapidly. Based on the review of the fluidized bed study and relevantliterature, in order to save energy and reduce emission，the gas-solid fluidized bedseparation technology is introduced into the pulverizing process of power plant in thispaper. Therefore, the vibrated fluidized bed applied to separate materials blow0.5mmwas researched basically. The forces in the fluidized bed without external mediumwere analyzed and the difference of drag coefficient among particles with differentReynolds number was studied. Besides, the sine force was exerted on the particles soas to establish dynamic models of motion particles in the different areas of thevibrated fluidized bed. The separation mechanism was explained and the continuousseparation apparatus and experiments were designed, which offered a research basisfor the separation by the fluidized bed without additional dense medium.
The numeric simulation of the dynamic models are suitable to calculate anddescribe the velocities and tracks of particles in the vibrated fluidized bed. The resultsof computational fluid mechanics showed that different particles move and gather inthe different areas of the fluidized bed, and finally are stratified by density under thedilute and dense phase.
Most particle sizes of the recirculating loads in the pulverizer are fine and theyare mainly between0.125~0.25mm which belong to Geldart B particles. The resultsof fluidization characteristic experiments of the simulated materials showed that thevibration could reduce the bed expansion and minimum fluidization velocitysignificantly. The results of separation characteristic experiments showed that thesimulated materials were separated by size and density. When the fluidization numberwas3and the vibrational frequency was55Hz, the separation efficiency was at itsmaximum level and the particle size and density distribution were uniform. The ash ofthe heavy product of actual material is78.46%. The difference between the heavy andlight product is37.39%. The separation efficiency is51.14%. The recovery ofcombustible matter amounts to94.05%. The backscattered electron imaging andspectrometer element distribution indicate that clay mineral, pyrite and other highdensity components are removed. Besides, fine coal existed in the recirculating loadof the pulverizer render the density and size distribution of fluidized bed more stable.
The influence of vibration force field on the separation was studied and the images shooted by a high speed digital camera showed that the induced vibrationpromotes the merge of bubbles and forms the periodic upward air lock in the radialcross section of the fluidized bed. Though the motion of air lock influences thestability of bed, it is beneficial to the separation of particles by density. The separationmechanism of particles in the vibrated fluidized bed showed that the particles wereseparated by different terminal settling velocity in the process of hindered settling bythe synergistic effect between the dilute-phase and dense-phase.
The continuous separation to the recirculating load of the pulverizer was carriedout in order to study the relation between ash of heavy and light product, separationefficiency, combustible matter recovery and the air speed, vibration frequency,feeding speed. The results showed that when the air speed was at13.2cm/s, vibrationfrequency was at55Hz and the feeding speed was at1.5kg/min, the comprehensiveseparation effect was the best with the45.37%and75.67%ash content of lightproduct and heavy product respectively. The separation efficiency and combustiblematter recovery reach to the peaks which were58.33%and88.64%respectively. Theresults validate the feasibility to separate the recirculating load of the pulverizer by thevibrated fluidized bed.
对颗粒运动动力学模型的数值模拟结果表明该模型适用于计算和描述颗粒在振动流化床中的运动速度和轨迹。计算流体力学模拟结果表明，在稀相和密相两种流化状态的作用下，不同颗粒在流化床中的不同区域运动、聚集，最终按密度进行了分层。
磨煤机返料粒度较细，主要集中在0.125~0.25mm，属Geldart B类颗粒。模拟物料和实际物料流化特性试验结果表明，振动可显著降低流化床起始流化速度和床层膨胀率，分选特性实验结果表明，模拟物料和实际物料均存在按粒度分级现象，并按密度进行了分层。在流化数为3，振动频率为55Hz时，物料分选效率较高，各层产物粒度、密度分布较均匀，其中实际物料的重产物灰分为78.46%，轻、重产品灰分差值为37.39%，分选效率为51.14%，可燃体回收率达到了94.05%。扫描电镜背散射成像和能谱仪元素面分布研究表明，返料中的粘土矿物，黄铁矿等高密度组分得到分离。研究还表明，磨机返料中微细粒级煤粉的存在，使流化床层粒度和密度分布更稳定。
研究了振动力场的加入对分选过程的影响，高速动态摄像分析结果表明振动促进了气泡的兼并，并在流化床径向截面形成向上做规律周期的运动气塞，尽管气塞的运动对床层的稳定性有影响，但对颗粒按密度分离有利。颗粒在振动流化床中的分离机理表明，颗粒通过气泡稀相和粒群密相的协同作用，最终在干扰沉降过程中通过沉降末速的不同而得到分离。
进行了磨机返料连续分选试验，研究了轻、重产物灰分值、分选效率和可燃体回收率与操作气速、振动频率和给料速度之间的关系，结果表明，操作气速为13.2cm/s，振动频率为55Hz、给料速度为1.5kg/min时，综合分选效果最好，轻、重产物灰分分别为45.37%和75.67%，分选效率和可燃体回收率最高，分别为58.33%和88.64%。试验结果证明了磨机返料振动流化床分选的可行性。
The gas-solid fluidized bed separation technology is the research focus on drycoal preparation. The fluidized bed separation technology for fine coal cleaning hasbeen developed rapidly. Based on the review of the fluidized bed study and relevantliterature, in order to save energy and reduce emission，the gas-solid fluidized bedseparation technology is introduced into the pulverizing process of power plant in thispaper. Therefore, the vibrated fluidized bed applied to separate materials blow0.5mmwas researched basically. The forces in the fluidized bed without external mediumwere analyzed and the difference of drag coefficient among particles with differentReynolds number was studied. Besides, the sine force was exerted on the particles soas to establish dynamic models of motion particles in the different areas of thevibrated fluidized bed. The separation mechanism was explained and the continuousseparation apparatus and experiments were designed, which offered a research basisfor the separation by the fluidized bed without additional dense medium.
The numeric simulation of the dynamic models are suitable to calculate anddescribe the velocities and tracks of particles in the vibrated fluidized bed. The resultsof computational fluid mechanics showed that different particles move and gather inthe different areas of the fluidized bed, and finally are stratified by density under thedilute and dense phase.
Most particle sizes of the recirculating loads in the pulverizer are fine and theyare mainly between0.125~0.25mm which belong to Geldart B particles. The resultsof fluidization characteristic experiments of the simulated materials showed that thevibration could reduce the bed expansion and minimum fluidization velocitysignificantly. The results of separation characteristic experiments showed that thesimulated materials were separated by size and density. When the fluidization numberwas3and the vibrational frequency was55Hz, the separation efficiency was at itsmaximum level and the particle size and density distribution were uniform. The ash ofthe heavy product of actual material is78.46%. The difference between the heavy andlight product is37.39%. The separation efficiency is51.14%. The recovery ofcombustible matter amounts to94.05%. The backscattered electron imaging andspectrometer element distribution indicate that clay mineral, pyrite and other highdensity components are removed. Besides, fine coal existed in the recirculating loadof the pulverizer render the density and size distribution of fluidized bed more stable.
The influence of vibration force field on the separation was studied and the images shooted by a high speed digital camera showed that the induced vibrationpromotes the merge of bubbles and forms the periodic upward air lock in the radialcross section of the fluidized bed. Though the motion of air lock influences thestability of bed, it is beneficial to the separation of particles by density. The separationmechanism of particles in the vibrated fluidized bed showed that the particles wereseparated by different terminal settling velocity in the process of hindered settling bythe synergistic effect between the dilute-phase and dense-phase.
The continuous separation to the recirculating load of the pulverizer was carriedout in order to study the relation between ash of heavy and light product, separationefficiency, combustible matter recovery and the air speed, vibration frequency,feeding speed. The results showed that when the air speed was at13.2cm/s, vibrationfrequency was at55Hz and the feeding speed was at1.5kg/min, the comprehensiveseparation effect was the best with the45.37%and75.67%ash content of lightproduct and heavy product respectively. The separation efficiency and combustiblematter recovery reach to the peaks which were58.33%and88.64%respectively. Theresults validate the feasibility to separate the recirculating load of the pulverizer by thevibrated fluidized bed.
引文
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