我国土地流转条件下粮作农户经营模式研究
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摘要
1980年我国大陆推行的家庭联产承包责任制,是农村经济改革的产物,它重塑了农户经济,构建了一套行之有效的激励机制,极大地提高了农民的积极性,使农村经济得到长足发展。然而,随着社会的进步和生产力的发展,家庭联产承包责任制的分散低效率经营已经与规模化农业组织化经营的高效率运作相背离,同时阻碍了我国由农业化大国跻身工业化大国的发展进程。构筑明晰的产权制度、建立健全农业组织化经营体系,成为解决小农户与大市场对接的关键所在。
本文从产权理论、规模经济理论和合作社理论中汲取营养,分析了土地流转的必要前提条件,土地流转背景下开展规模化农业组织经营的趋势选择。随后,以农户经营行为分析为切入点,运用微观经济分析框架,分析了不同农地制度下农户经营组织行为分析,揭示出农户经营组织模式与土地制度变迁之间的内在联系。通过回顾我国农户经营组织演化的历程,对现行农户经营组织模式进行了评价,具体分析了我国农户经营组织模式存在的问题和问题根源,提出创新农户经营组织模式的必要性。通过分析中外农户经营组织模式存在差异的原因,得出我国农业发展出路在于学习国外组织化规模化的先进经营理念,结合本国实际情况进行土地产权清晰界定确保流转下适度规模的农地集中,进而在规模化经营基础上加快农业组织化体系的健设。
文章的创新在于对陕西省粮作农户经营组织模式进行了实证分析。结合陕西省粮作农户在粮食生产中的具体情况,运用二元回归逻辑模型分析了陕西省粮作农户经营组织模式选择的影响因素,采用因子分析法分析了土地流转的影响因素,运用随机效应模型、双向差分模型检验了组织化、规模化经营对粮作农户经营效率的改进,针对粮作农户初步构建新型的经营组织模式,并提出促进土地合理有序流转,加快粮作农户合作化经营的政策建议。
本文研究结论：(一)农户经营组织模式的变迁和选择受到多重因素的综合影响,包括土地流转的制约和激励、经营活动收益的激励、法律制度安排和政府行为。(二)农户的年龄、受教育程度、种粮规模、农户风险态度、种粮预期收益、农资价格、农户的合作认知程度和当地政府的宣传推动对农户选择组织化经营有显著的影响。(三)农户土地经营状况、土地流转预期收益和农业组织化经营对农户土地流转行为有显著的影响。(四)通过随机效应模型得出陕西粮作农户组织化经营行为的效率改进20%左右,用主成份分析方法分析了陕西农地流转的影响因素,通过双向差分模型发现通过土地流转种粮大户规模化组织化经营效率较先前提升了138%左右。
Launched in the early1980s, the Household Responsibility Systemwas an inevitable outcome of rural economy reform in China, which rebuilt the model of peasant household economy development and created effective incentive mechanism. Moreover, the Household Responsibility System improved the peasants'enthusiasm and made remarkable progress in the development of rural economy in China. With the rapid social progress and development of productivity, the inefficiency of Household Responsibility System was deviated from the efficient agricultural large-scale operation, and the Household Responsibility System had impeded the process of industrialization of our country. How to construct the clear property rights and improve the agricultural organization management was the key to solve the problem of linkage between small household farmers and large markets.
This paper absorbed pabulum from the property right theory, scale economy theory and cooperative economic theory related, and then analyzed the essential precondition for farmland transferring and the new trendof development in agricultural industrialization management under the background of farmland transferring. Then based on the perspective of peasant household management behavior, this paper analyzed the peasant household management behavior under the different farmland system by using the microeconomic framework, and revealed the inner links between the peasant household management mode and the farmland system changes. Moreover, this paper evaluated the agricultural operation organization pattern and analyzed the present problems after reviewing the evolution history ofagricultural operation organization, and put forward the necessity of creating the pattern of agricultural operation organization. At last, this paper found out the reasons which caused the difference of agricultural operation organization between China and foreign, and pointed that studying the foreign advanced idea of operation and management is the basic outlet that county agriculture expands. It is need to combine our country actual condition to concentrate the moderate scale farmland under clarifying the land property rights and improve the system of agricultural operation organization.
The innovation of this paper lied in an empirical analysis of the grain farmers'operation organization in Shaanxi Province. By combining the actual condition of grain farmers in Shaanxi Province, this paper first analyzed the influential factors to affect the choice of grain farmers operation organization in Shaanxi Province through using binaryLogistic model. Secondly, this paper analyzed the influential factors to affect the farmland transferring for the grain farmers by using the factor analysis method, and explored the efficiency improvement of grain farmersoperation by using random effect model and bi-directional difference model. At last, based on the constructing the new pattern of farmers operation organization, this paper put forward the policysuggestions to promote the proper and orderly transfer of farmland and speed the cooperatives operation of grain farmers.
The main conclusions were as follows:(1) The changes and selections of farmers operation organization pattern were subject to multiple factors, such as the limitation and motivation of farmland transferring, returns of operational activities, legal system arrangement and government behavior;(2) The factors affecting these lections of operation organization pattern by farmers included the age, level of education, the scale of grain production, the expected return ofgrain production, the price of farming endowment, and the cognitive degree of cooperative by farmers, and the conduct propaganda of local government.(3) The factors affecting the farmland transferring included the situation of farmland operation, the expected return of farmland transferring, and the agricultural organization management.(4) The value of efficiency improvement of grain farmers operation organization in Shaanxi Province reached20%by using the random effect model, and the value of efficiency improvement of large-scale farmers through farmland transferring reached138%based on using the bi-directional difference model.
本文从产权理论、规模经济理论和合作社理论中汲取营养,分析了土地流转的必要前提条件,土地流转背景下开展规模化农业组织经营的趋势选择。随后,以农户经营行为分析为切入点,运用微观经济分析框架,分析了不同农地制度下农户经营组织行为分析,揭示出农户经营组织模式与土地制度变迁之间的内在联系。通过回顾我国农户经营组织演化的历程,对现行农户经营组织模式进行了评价,具体分析了我国农户经营组织模式存在的问题和问题根源,提出创新农户经营组织模式的必要性。通过分析中外农户经营组织模式存在差异的原因,得出我国农业发展出路在于学习国外组织化规模化的先进经营理念,结合本国实际情况进行土地产权清晰界定确保流转下适度规模的农地集中,进而在规模化经营基础上加快农业组织化体系的健设。
文章的创新在于对陕西省粮作农户经营组织模式进行了实证分析。结合陕西省粮作农户在粮食生产中的具体情况,运用二元回归逻辑模型分析了陕西省粮作农户经营组织模式选择的影响因素,采用因子分析法分析了土地流转的影响因素,运用随机效应模型、双向差分模型检验了组织化、规模化经营对粮作农户经营效率的改进,针对粮作农户初步构建新型的经营组织模式,并提出促进土地合理有序流转,加快粮作农户合作化经营的政策建议。
本文研究结论：(一)农户经营组织模式的变迁和选择受到多重因素的综合影响,包括土地流转的制约和激励、经营活动收益的激励、法律制度安排和政府行为。(二)农户的年龄、受教育程度、种粮规模、农户风险态度、种粮预期收益、农资价格、农户的合作认知程度和当地政府的宣传推动对农户选择组织化经营有显著的影响。(三)农户土地经营状况、土地流转预期收益和农业组织化经营对农户土地流转行为有显著的影响。(四)通过随机效应模型得出陕西粮作农户组织化经营行为的效率改进20%左右,用主成份分析方法分析了陕西农地流转的影响因素,通过双向差分模型发现通过土地流转种粮大户规模化组织化经营效率较先前提升了138%左右。
Launched in the early1980s, the Household Responsibility Systemwas an inevitable outcome of rural economy reform in China, which rebuilt the model of peasant household economy development and created effective incentive mechanism. Moreover, the Household Responsibility System improved the peasants'enthusiasm and made remarkable progress in the development of rural economy in China. With the rapid social progress and development of productivity, the inefficiency of Household Responsibility System was deviated from the efficient agricultural large-scale operation, and the Household Responsibility System had impeded the process of industrialization of our country. How to construct the clear property rights and improve the agricultural organization management was the key to solve the problem of linkage between small household farmers and large markets.
This paper absorbed pabulum from the property right theory, scale economy theory and cooperative economic theory related, and then analyzed the essential precondition for farmland transferring and the new trendof development in agricultural industrialization management under the background of farmland transferring. Then based on the perspective of peasant household management behavior, this paper analyzed the peasant household management behavior under the different farmland system by using the microeconomic framework, and revealed the inner links between the peasant household management mode and the farmland system changes. Moreover, this paper evaluated the agricultural operation organization pattern and analyzed the present problems after reviewing the evolution history ofagricultural operation organization, and put forward the necessity of creating the pattern of agricultural operation organization. At last, this paper found out the reasons which caused the difference of agricultural operation organization between China and foreign, and pointed that studying the foreign advanced idea of operation and management is the basic outlet that county agriculture expands. It is need to combine our country actual condition to concentrate the moderate scale farmland under clarifying the land property rights and improve the system of agricultural operation organization.
The innovation of this paper lied in an empirical analysis of the grain farmers'operation organization in Shaanxi Province. By combining the actual condition of grain farmers in Shaanxi Province, this paper first analyzed the influential factors to affect the choice of grain farmers operation organization in Shaanxi Province through using binaryLogistic model. Secondly, this paper analyzed the influential factors to affect the farmland transferring for the grain farmers by using the factor analysis method, and explored the efficiency improvement of grain farmersoperation by using random effect model and bi-directional difference model. At last, based on the constructing the new pattern of farmers operation organization, this paper put forward the policysuggestions to promote the proper and orderly transfer of farmland and speed the cooperatives operation of grain farmers.
The main conclusions were as follows:(1) The changes and selections of farmers operation organization pattern were subject to multiple factors, such as the limitation and motivation of farmland transferring, returns of operational activities, legal system arrangement and government behavior;(2) The factors affecting these lections of operation organization pattern by farmers included the age, level of education, the scale of grain production, the expected return ofgrain production, the price of farming endowment, and the cognitive degree of cooperative by farmers, and the conduct propaganda of local government.(3) The factors affecting the farmland transferring included the situation of farmland operation, the expected return of farmland transferring, and the agricultural organization management.(4) The value of efficiency improvement of grain farmers operation organization in Shaanxi Province reached20%by using the random effect model, and the value of efficiency improvement of large-scale farmers through farmland transferring reached138%based on using the bi-directional difference model.
引文
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