电阻与超声双模态油气水多相流测量方法研究
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摘要
过程层析成像技术以两相/多相流为主要研究对象，采用空间敏感电极阵列测量边界电压数据，获取可描述被测区域的二维或三维分布信息。电阻层析成像技术与超声层析成像技术作为两种基于不同物理原理的过程层析成像技术，传感器均具有低成本、安全性好、无辐射、非扰动、响应快速等优点，在多相流在线可视化及参数测量方面具有很大的潜力。两种技术的适用范围及成像特点不尽相同，其敏感场分布具有一定的互补性。课题研究从改善流动过程参数测量精度和拓宽测量应用范围的角度出发，提出了一种可用于油气水多相流的电阻与超声双模态测量方法。完成的主要工作如下：
1.以超声透射测量作为电阻层析成像技术的补充模态，设计了一种双模态系统结构。利用超声对气液两相界面分布敏感，透射测量方法可得到气液界面以及敏感场中心区域气泡的大致分布状况，作为电阻层析成像技术的先验信息；同时，电阻与超声测量手段在传感器信息、敏感场分布、数据结构及空间分辨率都具有很好的互补性。
2.基于Compact PCI总线及FPGA技术设计了用于多相流测量的数据采集平台，可满足多模态传感器的数据采集需求，具有很好的兼容性和扩展性。采用FPGA进行控制逻辑的设计及并行方式高性能数据处理单元的实现，使采集系统具有很好的灵活性及可配置性。
3.为改善系统实时性，提高系统测量精度，基于Compact PCI总线实现DMA方式数据传输，采用FPGA数字化并行方式实现滤波解调模块，实现双截面电阻层析成像系统。经测试，单截面采集速度达到每秒1042幅，信噪比63dB以上，实际测量数据偏离度低于0.7%；相应的信息处理软件融合了数据采集、图像重建及特征提取等算法，可进行在线实时监测及离线数据分析。标定实验显示，对单分布不导电介质的面积估计相对误差低于5.6%，对多分布状况的介质具有清晰的区分度；水平管油水两相流实验结果显示在油水总流量低于3m3/h时，油相的估计平均体积含率误差低于6%。
4.基于超声透射测量方法，提出采用损失电压方法估计气泡大小及位置。设计搭建了“一发三收”的窄带16超声传感器测量系统用于50mm水平管段的油气水多相流测量，采用1MHz超声探头进行了标定实验，初步结果表明该方法具有很好的分辨力，最小可分辨泡径1.5毫米的气泡。
Process Tomography, which is capable of obtaining two-dimensional orthree-dimensional distribution of information describing the measured area withspace-sensitive electrode array, is widely used in two-phase/multi-phase flowmeasurements. Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) and Ultrasonic Tomographyare two different modalities with advantages of non-perturb and high-response. Theyboth have huge prospects on multi-phase measurements for their low-cost, small-sizeand non-radiation sensors. They have different scope of applications and variety ofimage principle, while complementary sensing field. For enhancing measurementprecision and broaden the range of applications, a combination of electrical andultrasonic dual-modality system was proposed. The main work and results are asfollows:
1. Adopted ultrasonic transmission method as the complementary modality ofERT to design dual-modality system. Ultrasound was sensitive to gas-liquid interface,transmission method can obtain the gas-liquid interface and approximate distributionof the bubbles, which can be used as priori information of ERT. What’s more, as twodifferent measurement modalities, their sensor information, sensitive field distribution,data structure and spatial resolution are highly complementary;
2. A data acquisition platform for multi-phase flow measurement with strongexpansibility and high stability was developed on the basis of Compact PCI bus andadoption of FPGA. The platform can meet data acquisition needs for a variety ofsensor modalities, and also had good compatibility and scalability. High-speed andstable data transmission was conducted due to the DMA mode with the feature of norelying on CPU based on Compact PCI bus. The improvement of flexibility andreal-time performance was obtained for the design of control logic and parallelhigh-performance data processing modules by FPGA;
3. On the platform above, a parallel dual-cross ERT system was designed anddeveloped digitally. The acquisition speed and precision were greatly improved, over1042frames/s data acquisition speed, more than60dB channel SNR and less than0.7%frame measurement deviation. Dedicated user-friendly software also has been developed with function of data acquisition, image reconstruction and flowinformation extraction for on-line and off-line data processing. The calibration resultsshowed great precision with error less than5.6%for single object and good resolutionfor multiple objects. Preliminary dynamic experiments have been done in a horizontalpipeline, and the estimated volume fraction was very good with error less than6%under the flow rate less than3m3/h;
4. Based on the ultrasonic transmission method, there exists relations betweenvoltage loss and bubble diameter due to the near total reflection of ultrasonic wave atthe liquid/gas interfaces. One-transmitter-three-receiver narrow band ultrasonicmeasurement system with16transducers was designed for gas-oil-water multi-phaseflow in horizontal pipeline with inner diameter of50mm. The calibration experimentswere conducted using1MHz ultrasonic transducer. And the results showed themethod had good resolution with minimum resolvable diameter of1.5mm.
1.以超声透射测量作为电阻层析成像技术的补充模态，设计了一种双模态系统结构。利用超声对气液两相界面分布敏感，透射测量方法可得到气液界面以及敏感场中心区域气泡的大致分布状况，作为电阻层析成像技术的先验信息；同时，电阻与超声测量手段在传感器信息、敏感场分布、数据结构及空间分辨率都具有很好的互补性。
2.基于Compact PCI总线及FPGA技术设计了用于多相流测量的数据采集平台，可满足多模态传感器的数据采集需求，具有很好的兼容性和扩展性。采用FPGA进行控制逻辑的设计及并行方式高性能数据处理单元的实现，使采集系统具有很好的灵活性及可配置性。
3.为改善系统实时性，提高系统测量精度，基于Compact PCI总线实现DMA方式数据传输，采用FPGA数字化并行方式实现滤波解调模块，实现双截面电阻层析成像系统。经测试，单截面采集速度达到每秒1042幅，信噪比63dB以上，实际测量数据偏离度低于0.7%；相应的信息处理软件融合了数据采集、图像重建及特征提取等算法，可进行在线实时监测及离线数据分析。标定实验显示，对单分布不导电介质的面积估计相对误差低于5.6%，对多分布状况的介质具有清晰的区分度；水平管油水两相流实验结果显示在油水总流量低于3m3/h时，油相的估计平均体积含率误差低于6%。
4.基于超声透射测量方法，提出采用损失电压方法估计气泡大小及位置。设计搭建了“一发三收”的窄带16超声传感器测量系统用于50mm水平管段的油气水多相流测量，采用1MHz超声探头进行了标定实验，初步结果表明该方法具有很好的分辨力，最小可分辨泡径1.5毫米的气泡。
Process Tomography, which is capable of obtaining two-dimensional orthree-dimensional distribution of information describing the measured area withspace-sensitive electrode array, is widely used in two-phase/multi-phase flowmeasurements. Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) and Ultrasonic Tomographyare two different modalities with advantages of non-perturb and high-response. Theyboth have huge prospects on multi-phase measurements for their low-cost, small-sizeand non-radiation sensors. They have different scope of applications and variety ofimage principle, while complementary sensing field. For enhancing measurementprecision and broaden the range of applications, a combination of electrical andultrasonic dual-modality system was proposed. The main work and results are asfollows:
1. Adopted ultrasonic transmission method as the complementary modality ofERT to design dual-modality system. Ultrasound was sensitive to gas-liquid interface,transmission method can obtain the gas-liquid interface and approximate distributionof the bubbles, which can be used as priori information of ERT. What’s more, as twodifferent measurement modalities, their sensor information, sensitive field distribution,data structure and spatial resolution are highly complementary;
2. A data acquisition platform for multi-phase flow measurement with strongexpansibility and high stability was developed on the basis of Compact PCI bus andadoption of FPGA. The platform can meet data acquisition needs for a variety ofsensor modalities, and also had good compatibility and scalability. High-speed andstable data transmission was conducted due to the DMA mode with the feature of norelying on CPU based on Compact PCI bus. The improvement of flexibility andreal-time performance was obtained for the design of control logic and parallelhigh-performance data processing modules by FPGA;
3. On the platform above, a parallel dual-cross ERT system was designed anddeveloped digitally. The acquisition speed and precision were greatly improved, over1042frames/s data acquisition speed, more than60dB channel SNR and less than0.7%frame measurement deviation. Dedicated user-friendly software also has been developed with function of data acquisition, image reconstruction and flowinformation extraction for on-line and off-line data processing. The calibration resultsshowed great precision with error less than5.6%for single object and good resolutionfor multiple objects. Preliminary dynamic experiments have been done in a horizontalpipeline, and the estimated volume fraction was very good with error less than6%under the flow rate less than3m3/h;
4. Based on the ultrasonic transmission method, there exists relations betweenvoltage loss and bubble diameter due to the near total reflection of ultrasonic wave atthe liquid/gas interfaces. One-transmitter-three-receiver narrow band ultrasonicmeasurement system with16transducers was designed for gas-oil-water multi-phaseflow in horizontal pipeline with inner diameter of50mm. The calibration experimentswere conducted using1MHz ultrasonic transducer. And the results showed themethod had good resolution with minimum resolvable diameter of1.5mm.
引文
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