基于γ-CT/ECT的多相管流可视化测量
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摘要
射线层析成像（Computed tomography，CT）和电容层析成像（Electricalcapacitance tomography，ECT）作为两种比较成熟的过程层析成像（Processtomography，PT）技术，具有广阔的工业应用前景。而多相流的动力学复杂性和随机多变性对PT技术提出了重大挑战，为提高多相管流可视化测量的准确性与实时性，本论文对L-CT与ECT技术在多相流测量中的应用进行了系统研究。
首先，讨论了L-CT和ECT的系统设计，构建适用于多相流检测的成像系统，为算法和应用研究提供了性能良好的硬件平台。
其次，研究了基于凸优化的图像重建算法，并利用仿真数据和L-CT、ECT系统的实测数据进行图像重建，以证明算法的有效性。采用l1范数、核范数正则化求解不适定逆问题，分别基于对偶问题、矩阵重建模型将交替方向法（alternating direction method，ADM）、加速的近似梯度奇异值阈值（acceleratedproximal gradient singular value thresholding，APG）法等引入CT/ECT图像重建，在可接受的重建时间内明显提高了成像质量。
然后，针对低能L-CT系统，基于迭代重建法的不动点模型描述，通过构造有效的约束算子和投影算子改善传统迭代算法的成像质量；提出局部重建法，对成像目标进行分区重建，在不增加算法复杂度的前提下明显提高了图像的空间分辨率。针对双截面ECT系统，研究常用时延估计算法，并将现代信号处理方法引入双截面ECT系统测速模块。为改善传统互相关法测速的可靠性，提出三种新的测速方法：基于突变点检测的流速测量方法、带自适应时间窗的互相关法以及动力学相关因子指数法。通过粉煤灰气力输运实验证明了上述方法的有效性。
最后，通过双模态融合，实现L-CT与ECT技术的优势互补。静态和动态实验结果表明，双模态系统提高了多相流测量的准确性，拓宽了测量范围。
As two relatively mature process tomography (PT) techniques, computed tomography (CT) and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) are endowed with broad prospects of industrial application. However, the dynamical complexity and random variability of multiphase flow have put forward a severe chanllenge to PT techniques, to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of visualized measurement of multiphase flow, the application of y-CT and ECT in multiphase flow measurement has been investigated systematically in this dissertation.
Firstly, the design of y-CT and ECT systems is discussed, and imaging systems suitable for multiphase flow detection are bulit to provide quality hardware platforms for algorithm and application research.
Secondly, image reconstruction algorithms based on convex optimization are studied, and both simulation and experimental data measured with our γ-CT and ECT systems are utilized to testify the validity of the algorithms,l1-norm regulization and nuclear norm regulization are adopted respectively to address the ill-posed inverse problem, and alternating direction method (ADM) and accelerated proximal gradient singular value thresholding (APG) algorithm are introduced into image reconstruction based on the dual problem and matrix reconstruction problem respectively, which obviously improved the imaging qulity in acceptable reconstruction time.
Thirdly, to improve the imaging quality of the conventional iterative reconstruction algorthms for the low energy y-CT system, effective constraint and projection operators are constructed based on the fixed point model of the iterative algorithms; a local reconstruction technique is also proposed, which reconstructs image of the object locally and improves the space resolution without increasing algorithm complexity. For the dual-plane ECT system, commonly used time delay estimation algorithms are discussed and modern signal processing methods are introduce into the flow velocity measuring module of the ECT system. In order to improve the reliability of the conventional cross-correlation method, three new methods of estimating flow velocity are proposed:change point detection based method, cross-correlation method with adaptive time window and dynamical lag correlation exponent based method. Experimental results of coal ash measurement in a pneumatic pipeline demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Eventually, dual-modality fusion is studied for combining the merits of y-CT and ECT. Results of both static and dynamic experiments demonstrate that the dual-modality system is capable of increasing the accuracy and scope of multiphase flow measurement.
首先，讨论了L-CT和ECT的系统设计，构建适用于多相流检测的成像系统，为算法和应用研究提供了性能良好的硬件平台。
其次，研究了基于凸优化的图像重建算法，并利用仿真数据和L-CT、ECT系统的实测数据进行图像重建，以证明算法的有效性。采用l1范数、核范数正则化求解不适定逆问题，分别基于对偶问题、矩阵重建模型将交替方向法（alternating direction method，ADM）、加速的近似梯度奇异值阈值（acceleratedproximal gradient singular value thresholding，APG）法等引入CT/ECT图像重建，在可接受的重建时间内明显提高了成像质量。
然后，针对低能L-CT系统，基于迭代重建法的不动点模型描述，通过构造有效的约束算子和投影算子改善传统迭代算法的成像质量；提出局部重建法，对成像目标进行分区重建，在不增加算法复杂度的前提下明显提高了图像的空间分辨率。针对双截面ECT系统，研究常用时延估计算法，并将现代信号处理方法引入双截面ECT系统测速模块。为改善传统互相关法测速的可靠性，提出三种新的测速方法：基于突变点检测的流速测量方法、带自适应时间窗的互相关法以及动力学相关因子指数法。通过粉煤灰气力输运实验证明了上述方法的有效性。
最后，通过双模态融合，实现L-CT与ECT技术的优势互补。静态和动态实验结果表明，双模态系统提高了多相流测量的准确性，拓宽了测量范围。
As two relatively mature process tomography (PT) techniques, computed tomography (CT) and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) are endowed with broad prospects of industrial application. However, the dynamical complexity and random variability of multiphase flow have put forward a severe chanllenge to PT techniques, to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of visualized measurement of multiphase flow, the application of y-CT and ECT in multiphase flow measurement has been investigated systematically in this dissertation.
Firstly, the design of y-CT and ECT systems is discussed, and imaging systems suitable for multiphase flow detection are bulit to provide quality hardware platforms for algorithm and application research.
Secondly, image reconstruction algorithms based on convex optimization are studied, and both simulation and experimental data measured with our γ-CT and ECT systems are utilized to testify the validity of the algorithms,l1-norm regulization and nuclear norm regulization are adopted respectively to address the ill-posed inverse problem, and alternating direction method (ADM) and accelerated proximal gradient singular value thresholding (APG) algorithm are introduced into image reconstruction based on the dual problem and matrix reconstruction problem respectively, which obviously improved the imaging qulity in acceptable reconstruction time.
Thirdly, to improve the imaging quality of the conventional iterative reconstruction algorthms for the low energy y-CT system, effective constraint and projection operators are constructed based on the fixed point model of the iterative algorithms; a local reconstruction technique is also proposed, which reconstructs image of the object locally and improves the space resolution without increasing algorithm complexity. For the dual-plane ECT system, commonly used time delay estimation algorithms are discussed and modern signal processing methods are introduce into the flow velocity measuring module of the ECT system. In order to improve the reliability of the conventional cross-correlation method, three new methods of estimating flow velocity are proposed:change point detection based method, cross-correlation method with adaptive time window and dynamical lag correlation exponent based method. Experimental results of coal ash measurement in a pneumatic pipeline demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Eventually, dual-modality fusion is studied for combining the merits of y-CT and ECT. Results of both static and dynamic experiments demonstrate that the dual-modality system is capable of increasing the accuracy and scope of multiphase flow measurement.
引文
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