叠片铁心磁致伸缩效应对变压器、交流电机的振动噪声影响研究
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摘要
为寻找降低电力变压器、交流电机等产品叠片铁心振动噪声的有效途径，本文从铁心振动的根源即磁致伸缩效应对铁心振动噪声进行分析计算。首先测量了硅钢片磁致伸缩特性，建立了考虑磁致伸缩效应的铁心磁-机械强耦合数值分析模型，基于该模型对叠片铁心进行了磁-机械-声场的多物理场分析和实验研究，从而为设计更低噪声叠片铁心提供分析、评价及实验方法。本文的主要研究工作如下：
(1)基于爱泼斯坦方圈铁心结构，测量了变压器取向硅钢片铁心轧制方向、垂直轧制方向和电机用无取向硅钢片铁心的磁化和磁致伸缩特性。
(2)给出了磁致伸缩力的计算方法，编制了考虑磁致伸缩效应铁心磁-机械耦合有限元求解程序，计算了变压器铁心中磁场分布、磁致伸缩力及振动量的大小，实现了铁心磁致伸缩效应的定量分析,并与相关研究测量结果进行了对比，证明了计算方法的正确性。
(3)考虑叠片铁心磁致伸缩和磁化特性的各向异性，建立了叠片铁心三维磁-机械强耦合数值模型，基于该模型对干式电力变压器铁心进行了磁场、机械振动和周围声场的分析、振动和噪声测量实验，通过分析与实验测量结果相比较对建立数值模型和声场分析方法的正确性进行了验证。
(4)在变压器叠片铁心磁致伸缩及其振动噪声研究的基础上，提出采用柔性高磁导率软磁复合材料填充变压器搭迭间隙的方法对电磁噪声进行降噪，即采用疏导的方法降低铁心磁致伸缩引起的振动噪声。通过理论分析计算与实验测量验证了新方法的降噪效果。
(5)考虑硅钢片磁致伸缩效应对永磁同步变频电机的的铁心进行了磁场和应力场的耦合分析。分别分析了不同工作频率下铁心电磁力单独作用和磁致伸缩共同作用下铁心的振动变形，振动加速度，应变能密度分布等。最后对永磁同步变频电机进行了振动相关实验研究，获得了磁致伸缩效应对铁心振动的影响。
本文提出利用柔性高磁导率软磁复合材料填充变压器叠片铁心搭迭间隙的方法对电磁噪声进行降噪，这在国内外尚属首次。该项研究成果将为降低变压器叠片铁心电磁噪声提供一种可行的解决途径，并为设计和验证新的降噪措施提供理论依据。
In order to find an effective method of decreasing vibration and noise in laminated cores ofpower transformer and AC motor, the vibrations are analyzed based upon the coupling betweenthe magnetic field and the mechanical deformation including the magnetostriciton (MS) effect ofthe core iron. The MS characteristics of silicon sheets is firstly measured; then amagneto-mechanical strong coupled model of laminated cores including MS effect is founded;and using the proposed model, the magnetic field, deformation and noise level of the cores arestudied by analysis and experiment. It provides an analysis and experimental methods for designlower vibration and noise cores. Main points of this paper are as follows:
(1) The magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of silicon steel core of oriented siliconsteel sheet and no orientation silicon steel sheet are measured based on the cores of EpsteinFrame.
(2) MS force is given by finite element method and the magneto-elastic coupled modelincluding MS is calculated by compiled program. The magnetic field, MS forces and vibrationdeformation of transformer cores are all calculated. Then the results are compared withmeasurement results. They are agreement which proved the correctness of the numerical modeland calculation method.
(3) Considering the anisotropic MS and magnetization characteristic of laminated core, anumerical model of three-dimensional magneto-mechanical strong coupled is established. Basedon the model, the magnetic field, vibration and acoustic field of a dry power transformer coresare analyzed and measured.
(4) Based on the research of MS, vibration and noise of transformer laminated core, theflexible high permeability soft magnetic composites is provided to filled the overlapping gaps toreduce the electromagnetic vibration and noise, which uses the relieving method of reducingvibration and noise caused by MS. The reduction effect is verified through theoretical analysisand experimental measurement.
(5) The vibration of permanent magnet synchronous motor with MS is analyzed. Theinteraction of electromagnetic force vibration of core under different frequencies of single effectand iron core deformation, vibration acceleration, strain energy density distribution is thencalculated. Finally, experimental study is carried out of the permanent magnet synchronousmotor and the influence of the MS to the core vibration is achieved.
It is the first time that using flexible high permeability soft magnetic composites to filloverlapping gaps of transformer laminated core to reduce electromagnetic noise is concerned inthis paper. It offers a new method to reduce the electromagnetic noise of transformer laminated cores with a feasible solution. The achievement of this paper provides theoretical basis to designand verify new noise-reduction measures.
(1)基于爱泼斯坦方圈铁心结构，测量了变压器取向硅钢片铁心轧制方向、垂直轧制方向和电机用无取向硅钢片铁心的磁化和磁致伸缩特性。
(2)给出了磁致伸缩力的计算方法，编制了考虑磁致伸缩效应铁心磁-机械耦合有限元求解程序，计算了变压器铁心中磁场分布、磁致伸缩力及振动量的大小，实现了铁心磁致伸缩效应的定量分析,并与相关研究测量结果进行了对比，证明了计算方法的正确性。
(3)考虑叠片铁心磁致伸缩和磁化特性的各向异性，建立了叠片铁心三维磁-机械强耦合数值模型，基于该模型对干式电力变压器铁心进行了磁场、机械振动和周围声场的分析、振动和噪声测量实验，通过分析与实验测量结果相比较对建立数值模型和声场分析方法的正确性进行了验证。
(4)在变压器叠片铁心磁致伸缩及其振动噪声研究的基础上，提出采用柔性高磁导率软磁复合材料填充变压器搭迭间隙的方法对电磁噪声进行降噪，即采用疏导的方法降低铁心磁致伸缩引起的振动噪声。通过理论分析计算与实验测量验证了新方法的降噪效果。
(5)考虑硅钢片磁致伸缩效应对永磁同步变频电机的的铁心进行了磁场和应力场的耦合分析。分别分析了不同工作频率下铁心电磁力单独作用和磁致伸缩共同作用下铁心的振动变形，振动加速度，应变能密度分布等。最后对永磁同步变频电机进行了振动相关实验研究，获得了磁致伸缩效应对铁心振动的影响。
本文提出利用柔性高磁导率软磁复合材料填充变压器叠片铁心搭迭间隙的方法对电磁噪声进行降噪，这在国内外尚属首次。该项研究成果将为降低变压器叠片铁心电磁噪声提供一种可行的解决途径，并为设计和验证新的降噪措施提供理论依据。
In order to find an effective method of decreasing vibration and noise in laminated cores ofpower transformer and AC motor, the vibrations are analyzed based upon the coupling betweenthe magnetic field and the mechanical deformation including the magnetostriciton (MS) effect ofthe core iron. The MS characteristics of silicon sheets is firstly measured; then amagneto-mechanical strong coupled model of laminated cores including MS effect is founded;and using the proposed model, the magnetic field, deformation and noise level of the cores arestudied by analysis and experiment. It provides an analysis and experimental methods for designlower vibration and noise cores. Main points of this paper are as follows:
(1) The magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of silicon steel core of oriented siliconsteel sheet and no orientation silicon steel sheet are measured based on the cores of EpsteinFrame.
(2) MS force is given by finite element method and the magneto-elastic coupled modelincluding MS is calculated by compiled program. The magnetic field, MS forces and vibrationdeformation of transformer cores are all calculated. Then the results are compared withmeasurement results. They are agreement which proved the correctness of the numerical modeland calculation method.
(3) Considering the anisotropic MS and magnetization characteristic of laminated core, anumerical model of three-dimensional magneto-mechanical strong coupled is established. Basedon the model, the magnetic field, vibration and acoustic field of a dry power transformer coresare analyzed and measured.
(4) Based on the research of MS, vibration and noise of transformer laminated core, theflexible high permeability soft magnetic composites is provided to filled the overlapping gaps toreduce the electromagnetic vibration and noise, which uses the relieving method of reducingvibration and noise caused by MS. The reduction effect is verified through theoretical analysisand experimental measurement.
(5) The vibration of permanent magnet synchronous motor with MS is analyzed. Theinteraction of electromagnetic force vibration of core under different frequencies of single effectand iron core deformation, vibration acceleration, strain energy density distribution is thencalculated. Finally, experimental study is carried out of the permanent magnet synchronousmotor and the influence of the MS to the core vibration is achieved.
It is the first time that using flexible high permeability soft magnetic composites to filloverlapping gaps of transformer laminated core to reduce electromagnetic noise is concerned inthis paper. It offers a new method to reduce the electromagnetic noise of transformer laminated cores with a feasible solution. The achievement of this paper provides theoretical basis to designand verify new noise-reduction measures.
引文
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