铁路减隔震桥梁地震反应分析及易损性研究
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摘要
近年来,我国高速铁路和客运专线建设迅速发展,一些新型的减隔震支座已逐渐应用在铁路高墩简支梁桥中。但目前采用新型减隔震支座的类似铁路桥梁还未得到强震充分检验,理论研究也不充分。本文结合我国在建的铁路客运专线上两座采用不同减隔震支座的32m简支梁桥为背景,对铁路减隔震桥梁的抗震设计理论、抗震性能以及地震易损性进行了系统的研究。论文的主要工作和取得的成果有：
1、采用ABAQUS建立了E型钢阻尼支座阻尼元件的非线性实体模型,详细分析了E型钢阻尼器的屈服强度对其耗能特性的影响,在此基础上给出了该支座简化的三直线力学模型；采用纤维模型计算了钢轨横桥向变形的M-φ曲线,并提出了钢轨的双直线简化力学模型；针对铁路减隔震桥梁地震反应的特点,建立了考虑轨道约束的线桥一体化非线性有限元计算模型,探讨了轨道约束对结构动力特性的影响,并讨论了合理的非线性有限元计算模型；
2、以高速铁路客运专线上两座采用不同减隔震装置的高墩简支桥梁为对象,通过数值模拟研究了轨道约束对铁路减隔震桥梁地震反应的影响,并进一步分析了道床阻力系数等参数对结构地震反应的影响规律;研究了地震作用下轨道横向弯曲与残余变形的特征,为铁路减隔震桥梁抗震设计时是否考虑轨道约束作用提供参考;
3、以我国高速铁路客运专线上采用E型钢阻尼支座的高墩简支梁桥为对象,通过改变桥墩高度建立了40个不同动力性能的桥梁计算模型,并从PEER强震数据库中选取相似场地的20条历史地震动进行地震时程反应分析,探讨了结构动力特性的铁路减隔震简支梁桥地震反应规律,以及轨道约束对不同结构形式的桥梁地震反应的影响；
4、结合近场地震作用的特点,采用三角函数模拟近场地震动的速度脉冲,并以此为地震动输入,研究了近场地震和不同脉冲参数对采用E型钢阻尼支座的铁路隔震简支梁桥的地震反应及减震效果的影响。用改进的碰撞分析模型模拟了摩擦摆式支座的限位装置在近场地震动作用下支座内壁的碰撞响应,讨论支座内壁碰撞效应对结构地震反应的影响,并提出支座内设置缓冲装置的方案来减小地震碰撞效应。
5、以高速铁路客运专线上采用E型钢阻尼支座的高墩简支梁桥为对象,建立了考虑轨道约束的线桥一体化计算模型,根据桥梁场地类型从PEER强震数据库中选取100条类似场地地震动来模拟地震的不确定性,对结构进行非线性时程反应分析。通过定义各构件的极限破坏状态,采用传统可靠度概率的方法形成了减隔震支座以及桥墩顺桥向和横桥向的易损性曲线,在此基础上,对比分析各构件地震易损性并从地震易损性分析的角度评估铁路减隔震桥梁的抗震性能。
In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed railway and passenger line construction in our country, some new-style cushion seats have been applied in railway high-pier simply-supported girder bridge. However most of railway bridges with new-style cushion seats have not been tested under strong earthquake, of which the seismic performance research are inadequate. Based on this background, a series of comprehensive studies on seismic design theory, seismic performance as well as seismic vulnerability of railway high-pier bridge with cushion seats are developed in this paper, combined with two32-span simply-supported beam bridges(the pier more than40m) of dedicated high-speed passenger railway lines installed with different cushion seats. The main work and the results achieved are as follows:
1. A nonlinear solid FE model of E-steel damping bearing has been developed by ABAQUS. With this model:the influence of the yield strength of E-steel damping bearing on its attenuation property is discussed to get the simplified triple-line mechanical model of this kind of bearing; the railway's lateral-oriented M-φ curve is calculated to get its simplified double-line mechanical model; Considering the seismic behavior of the railway bridge with cushion seats, a rail-bridge integration nonlinear FE model has been established to research its dynamic characteristic, based on which the influence of railway constraints on structural dynamic is observed and a more rational nonlinear FE model has been discussed in detail.
2. Based on the two high-pier simply-supported girder bridges with different cushion seats on the high-speed railway passenger line, the rail-bridge integration nonlinear FE models, relatively considering or non-considering the railway constraints, are developed. These two different models are helped to analyses the influence of the constraints and the road-bed damping factor on the seismic behavior of the rail-bridge with cushion seats by the seismic time history analysis. Meanwhile, the influential mechanism of rail's lateral bending to residual deformation is studied to develop a seismic design reference of rail-bridge with cushion seats.
3. A further study of the rule of seismic behavior of railway simple-supported bridge with cushion seats of different parameters and the influence of rail-constraints on distinct kinds of bridges's seismic behavior has been made with the example of the high-pier simply-supported girder bridges on the high-speed railway passenger line. Based on these examples, this paper establishes40calculating model with different dynamic characteristics, which varying the pier heights, and chooses20earthquake line that suits for the II venue from the PEER SE database.
4. This paper systematically studies the impact of the near-field earthquake and different pulse parameters on the seismic response of the cushioning railway simply-supported girder bridge with E-steel damping bearings. In this study, the near-field seismic action, as a seismic input, is been simulated by trigonometric functions and the near-field seismic characteristic has been fully considered. The improved collision analysis model is used to simulate the collision effect of the limit device of friction pendulum bearings under near-field earthquake. The influence of the collision effect on the structural seismic behavior is discussed and meanwhile, the cushioning device is set to minimize the collision effect.
5. Based on the high-pier simply-supported girder bridge with E-steel damping bearings on the passenger line,100history earthquake lines with the very venue the bridge belonging to, have been chosen from PEER to make a nonlinear time-history analysis. Defining the ultimate broken condition, the lateral and longitude pier-bearing vulnerability curves have been developed by means of the traditional reliability probability theory. Based on the study mentioned above, this paper makes a comparison analyses of the members'seismic vulnerability and evaluates the seismic behavior of rail-bridge with cushion seats from the perspective of seismic vulnerability analysis.
1、采用ABAQUS建立了E型钢阻尼支座阻尼元件的非线性实体模型,详细分析了E型钢阻尼器的屈服强度对其耗能特性的影响,在此基础上给出了该支座简化的三直线力学模型；采用纤维模型计算了钢轨横桥向变形的M-φ曲线,并提出了钢轨的双直线简化力学模型；针对铁路减隔震桥梁地震反应的特点,建立了考虑轨道约束的线桥一体化非线性有限元计算模型,探讨了轨道约束对结构动力特性的影响,并讨论了合理的非线性有限元计算模型；
2、以高速铁路客运专线上两座采用不同减隔震装置的高墩简支桥梁为对象,通过数值模拟研究了轨道约束对铁路减隔震桥梁地震反应的影响,并进一步分析了道床阻力系数等参数对结构地震反应的影响规律;研究了地震作用下轨道横向弯曲与残余变形的特征,为铁路减隔震桥梁抗震设计时是否考虑轨道约束作用提供参考;
3、以我国高速铁路客运专线上采用E型钢阻尼支座的高墩简支梁桥为对象,通过改变桥墩高度建立了40个不同动力性能的桥梁计算模型,并从PEER强震数据库中选取相似场地的20条历史地震动进行地震时程反应分析,探讨了结构动力特性的铁路减隔震简支梁桥地震反应规律,以及轨道约束对不同结构形式的桥梁地震反应的影响；
4、结合近场地震作用的特点,采用三角函数模拟近场地震动的速度脉冲,并以此为地震动输入,研究了近场地震和不同脉冲参数对采用E型钢阻尼支座的铁路隔震简支梁桥的地震反应及减震效果的影响。用改进的碰撞分析模型模拟了摩擦摆式支座的限位装置在近场地震动作用下支座内壁的碰撞响应,讨论支座内壁碰撞效应对结构地震反应的影响,并提出支座内设置缓冲装置的方案来减小地震碰撞效应。
5、以高速铁路客运专线上采用E型钢阻尼支座的高墩简支梁桥为对象,建立了考虑轨道约束的线桥一体化计算模型,根据桥梁场地类型从PEER强震数据库中选取100条类似场地地震动来模拟地震的不确定性,对结构进行非线性时程反应分析。通过定义各构件的极限破坏状态,采用传统可靠度概率的方法形成了减隔震支座以及桥墩顺桥向和横桥向的易损性曲线,在此基础上,对比分析各构件地震易损性并从地震易损性分析的角度评估铁路减隔震桥梁的抗震性能。
In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed railway and passenger line construction in our country, some new-style cushion seats have been applied in railway high-pier simply-supported girder bridge. However most of railway bridges with new-style cushion seats have not been tested under strong earthquake, of which the seismic performance research are inadequate. Based on this background, a series of comprehensive studies on seismic design theory, seismic performance as well as seismic vulnerability of railway high-pier bridge with cushion seats are developed in this paper, combined with two32-span simply-supported beam bridges(the pier more than40m) of dedicated high-speed passenger railway lines installed with different cushion seats. The main work and the results achieved are as follows:
1. A nonlinear solid FE model of E-steel damping bearing has been developed by ABAQUS. With this model:the influence of the yield strength of E-steel damping bearing on its attenuation property is discussed to get the simplified triple-line mechanical model of this kind of bearing; the railway's lateral-oriented M-φ curve is calculated to get its simplified double-line mechanical model; Considering the seismic behavior of the railway bridge with cushion seats, a rail-bridge integration nonlinear FE model has been established to research its dynamic characteristic, based on which the influence of railway constraints on structural dynamic is observed and a more rational nonlinear FE model has been discussed in detail.
2. Based on the two high-pier simply-supported girder bridges with different cushion seats on the high-speed railway passenger line, the rail-bridge integration nonlinear FE models, relatively considering or non-considering the railway constraints, are developed. These two different models are helped to analyses the influence of the constraints and the road-bed damping factor on the seismic behavior of the rail-bridge with cushion seats by the seismic time history analysis. Meanwhile, the influential mechanism of rail's lateral bending to residual deformation is studied to develop a seismic design reference of rail-bridge with cushion seats.
3. A further study of the rule of seismic behavior of railway simple-supported bridge with cushion seats of different parameters and the influence of rail-constraints on distinct kinds of bridges's seismic behavior has been made with the example of the high-pier simply-supported girder bridges on the high-speed railway passenger line. Based on these examples, this paper establishes40calculating model with different dynamic characteristics, which varying the pier heights, and chooses20earthquake line that suits for the II venue from the PEER SE database.
4. This paper systematically studies the impact of the near-field earthquake and different pulse parameters on the seismic response of the cushioning railway simply-supported girder bridge with E-steel damping bearings. In this study, the near-field seismic action, as a seismic input, is been simulated by trigonometric functions and the near-field seismic characteristic has been fully considered. The improved collision analysis model is used to simulate the collision effect of the limit device of friction pendulum bearings under near-field earthquake. The influence of the collision effect on the structural seismic behavior is discussed and meanwhile, the cushioning device is set to minimize the collision effect.
5. Based on the high-pier simply-supported girder bridge with E-steel damping bearings on the passenger line,100history earthquake lines with the very venue the bridge belonging to, have been chosen from PEER to make a nonlinear time-history analysis. Defining the ultimate broken condition, the lateral and longitude pier-bearing vulnerability curves have been developed by means of the traditional reliability probability theory. Based on the study mentioned above, this paper makes a comparison analyses of the members'seismic vulnerability and evaluates the seismic behavior of rail-bridge with cushion seats from the perspective of seismic vulnerability analysis.
引文
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