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功能性富集材料用于微量成分的近红外光谱分析
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摘要
近红外光谱技术因其快速、无损、经济等特点广泛应用于复杂体系分析。然而,近红外光谱的谱峰重叠,特征峰不明显,需要借助化学计量学方法提取信息。同时,近红外光谱吸收信号较弱,导致其分析方法的检测限较高,应用受到限制。因此,针对近红外光谱分析技术检测限较高的问题,本论文制备了一系列功能性材料,富集溶液中微量组分,结合化学计量学,使用近红外漫反射光谱技术检测,探讨微量成分的近红外光谱分析。具体内容包括以下几个方面:
     1、为了增强近红外光谱微弱的信号,提出了功能性材料富集应用于近红外漫反射光谱技术检测溶液中重金属离子的方法。制备了巯基聚倍半硅氧烷微球(PMPSQ),用来高效富集水溶液中的微量汞离子和银离子。金属离子与PMPSQ的巯基官能团螯合后,近红外光谱发生了相应变化,因此,可以使用近红外光谱技术间接测定金属离子。采集富集后材料的近红外漫反射光谱,使用偏最小二乘法建立定量校正模型。结果表明,PMPSQ富集结合化学计量学方法,使用近红外光谱技术可以同时定量溶液中微量的汞离子和银离子,最低检出浓度分别为0.16mg L-1和0.15mg L-1。吸附材料上C-H基团的变化是定量的基础。
     2、为了探索近红外光谱技术用于微量组分分析的可行性,使用功能性材料富集结合化学计量学方法进行讨论。制备了层状双氢氧化物快速吸附水溶液中微量的农药MCPA和DCPP,使用了纳米材料羟基磷灰石富集水中Cr3+,通过化学计量学方法滤除噪声、扣除光谱中的变动背景。定量分析结果表明,功能性材料富集结合近红外漫反射光谱技术,可以测定样品中微量的农药和Cr3+。其中,农药的最大绝对误差是8pg,Cr3+是30μg,在100mL溶液中对应的浓度误差为80ng mL-1(?)300ng mL-1。因此,近红外漫反射光谱技术可以用于微量分析。
     3、为探讨近红外光谱技术应用于生物体系分析的可行性,制备了无机材料磁性羟基磷灰石,富集溶液中的微量BSA,在外加磁场的作用下,分离出吸附材料,转移到石英滤膜上,采集相应的近红外漫反射光谱,结合化学计量学方法对溶液中的目标物进行定量分析,实现了近红外光谱技术对生物体系分析的初步探索。
     4、制备了马来酰亚胺基团修饰的SBA-15(MM-SBA-15),选择性吸附还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),探讨了近红外光谱技术检测溶液中GSH的可行性。将吸附有GSH的MM-SBA-15转移到石英滤膜上,采集相应的近红外漫反射光谱,建立偏最小二乘回归模型,定量分析结果表明,结合化学计量学方法,使用近红外光谱技术能够检测溶液中微量的GSH。
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been proven to be a rapid, non-destructive and cost-effective quantitative method for complex samples. NIR spectrum consists of non-specific and overlapping bands. Therefore, chemometric methods are used to establish calibration models for quantitative analysis. On the other hand, application of the method in microanalysis is badly restricted by the low molar absorptivity of NIR signals. In this thesis, in order to reduce the detection limit, functional materials were prepared for separation and adsorption of micro-compound from aqueous solution. With the aid of enrichment and chemometric methods, the sensitivity of NIR spectroscopy was improved. The contents of this dissertation include:
     1. A high capacity adsorbent of thiol-functionalized polysilsesquioxane microspheres, named PMPSQ, was prepared for preconcentration of Hg2+and Ag+from aqueous solutions. After adsorbing the analytes onto the adsorbent, near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra (NIRDRS) was measured and partial least squares (PLS) models was established for fast and simultaneous quantitative prediction. Because the interaction of the metal ions with functional group of adsorbent can be reflected in the spectra, the models built with Hg2+and Ag+samples were proven to be efficient enough for precise prediction. The limit of detection for Hg2+and Ag+were0.16and0.15mg L-1, respectively. The wavenumber changes of C-H group are thought to be quantitative basis.
     2. The possibility to achieve sensitive detection of micro-components by using NIRDRS combined with chemometrics method is studied with two experimental datasets. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were used for adsorption of pesticides and Cr3+from solutions, respectively. Then NIRDRS of adsorbents with analytes were measured directly. The results show that a very high sensitivity can be obtained with the help of chemometric approaches. The maximum absolute prediction error of the method can be as low as8μg for the pesticides and30μg for the Cr3+. The quantity is an equivalence of80ng mL-1and300ng mL-1if100mL solution is used for the analysis.
     3. Feasibility for quantitative determination of protein in micro-samples was studied by using NIRDRS. A magnetic materials-magnetic hydroxyapatite (mHAP) was synthesized for enrichment of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from aqueous solutions. After separation under applied magnetic field, mHAP with analyst was dropped onto quartz fiber filter. Then the corresponding NIRDRS were collected and PLS model was established for fast quantitative prediction. The experiment is a tentative exploration for determination BSA with NIRDRS.
     4. A method for quantitative determination of glutathione (GSH) in solutions was developed by using selective preconcentration and NIRDRS. Maleimido modified SBA-15(MM-SBA-15) was prepared for selective enrichment of GSH. In the experiment, MM-SBA-15with different concentration of GSH was dropped onto quartz fiber filter. Then NIR spectra in diffuse mode were collected and PLS model was established for quantitative prediction. The quantitative analysis result shows that trace GSH can be detected. Therefore, NIRDRS combined with selective preconcentration can provide a feasible way for determination GSH in aqueous solution.
引文
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