制造企业自主研发能力评价及提升对策研究
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摘要
研发能力的提升是中国制造的根本,设计出符合客户需求的产品/服务才能使制造有的放矢,品牌的管理和营销环节的提升才能持续。如何更好地正确评价我国制造企业自主研发能力,需要构建一套科学的指标体系。这不仅为客观评价制造业的产业发展程度提供了良好的基础,同时对我国制造业发展方向也提出了客观的要求。那就是既要关注经济效益,更要关注经济效率、科技创新能力以及与资源环境协调发展的能力。如何在企业内对技术创新活动进行研究,一直受到国内外学者的关注;但是对制造企业自主研发能力评价的研究并没有引起广泛的重视。因此,论文限定了自主创新的主要研究范围,即制造企业自主研发能力评价指标体系的建设,这样就将当前的热点与前人的理论很好的结合起来：而且论文在总结当前研究成果的基础上,有针对性的提出了自己的见解。此外,通过引用典型案例进行分析,从而对理论研究进行了更深一步的分析,更具有说服力。
论文在全球大力推行知识产权战略、我国积极承接国外产业转移发展趋势的需要以及企业自主创新能力是国家自主创新能力的大背景下,通过定量与定性分析相结合的方法深入研究了制造企业自主研发能力的评价。在研究过程中,一方面运用结合专家意见修正的主成分系统评估法,综合评价制造业自主研发能力；另一方面运用案例分析的方法,研究了制造企业自主研发能力提升的对策。论文主要研究内容和创新性成果如下：
(1)自主创新的过程性决定了创新主体必须要充分利用创新环节的不同能力,才能保证取得创新成果。因此,论文首先通过分析制造企业自主创新的内外影响因素,然后从中提炼出影响制造企业自主研发能力的核心要素和支撑要素,研究设计了一套核心要素由自主创新资源投入能力、自主创新管理能力、自主创新产出能力、自主创新营销能力和自主创新环保能力组成：支撑因素由制度与政府环境、市场与法制环境和教育与研发环境组成,指标层将主因素层分解成23个二级指标的科学合理的制造企业自主研发能力评价指标体系。
(2)论文在制造企业自主研发能力评价指标体系建立的基础上,运用结合专家意见修正的主成分系统评估法综合评价制造业自主研发能力。首先选用专家调查咨询法对评价指标的重要性进行区间模糊赋值,分析专家评价的概率分布,据此获得专家评价指标的权重,利用这个权重修正评价对象的指标值和数据本身存在的差异；然后再运用主成分分析法与层次分析法相结合的方法进行评估。这两种方法的结合使得在运用主成分分析法与层次分析法评估之前,充分考虑了专家的意见,不仅可以避免遗漏或减弱评价指标,同时又能够充分获取数据信息,整体上提高了评价结果的客观性。
(3)论文运用结合专家意见修正的主成分分析系统评估法对“十一五”期间我国制造业7个行业自主研发能力进行了评价分析。找出了影响我国制造业自主研发能力的主要因素,并扼要指出目前我国制造企业自主研发能力方面主要存在创新资源投入不足、技术转移效率不高、创新环保能力较弱和知识产权保护力度不大等问题。
(4)论文从政府、企业、供应商和顾客四个方面提出了提升我国制造企业自主研发能力的对策建议。分别是发挥政府引导的关键作用,优化制造企业研发管理环境；确立企业自主创新的主体地位,提升制造企业创新产出能力：强化与高等院校及科研院所的协同创新,提升制造企业创新投入及管理能力；强化与顾客和供应商的协同创新,提升制造企业无形资产的获取能力.
(5)论文依据前述理论、方法并结合调查获得的数据资料,为确保评价结果的客观性,选取了两家制造企业的自主研发能力进行评价,分别是船舶行业的大连船舶重工集团和轴承行业;并提出了相应的自主研发能力提升对策.
论文的研究成果在一定程度上解决了制造企业自主研发能力评价的问题,对丰富企业自主创新能力理论及发展综合评价理论与方法,以及探索促进中国制造业自主研发能力提升的战略提供了更加广阔的拓展空间.
The ascension of Research and development ability is the root of the made in China. Only designing product/service meets the customer's needs, the ascension of brand management and marketing can last forever. Evaluating independent research and development capacity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises correctly, we need to construct a scientific index system, which not only provide a good foundation for objective evaluating the degree of manufacturing industry development, but also put forward the objective requirements for the direction of Chinese manufacturing. It should focus on economic benefit and more attention to economic efficiency, science and technology innovation ability and the coordinated development of resources and environment ability. It has been widely concerned that how to do the technology innovation activities in the business enterprises. But independent research and development capacity evaluation research on manufacturing enterprise has not been paid enough attention. Therefore, the article limit the main research scope of independent innovation, namely constructing evaluation index system of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity. So that we can link the current hot with previous theory. Based on the achievement of the current research, we have proposed own view and cited the typical cases, which provide the deeper analysis for the theory research and more convincing.
Based on the global vigorously carry out the strategy of intellectual property rights, China actively undertake foreign industrial transfer the development trend of the need and enterprises independent innovation ability is the national independent innovation ability in the backdrop, manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity evaluation is deeply studied using a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods. On one hand, we set up enterprise independent research and development capacity index synthetic evaluation model for the comprehensive evaluation of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity based on a system assessment of modified principal component analysis combination of expert opinion.On the other hand, we evaluate the manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity using case analysis method. This article mainly the research content and innovative results are as follows:
(1)The innovation process determines that the innovative subjects must take full advantage of the innovative aspects of the different abilities in order to ensure to achieve innovation. Therefore, through analyzing internal and external factors of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity, the article acquires the core elements and support elements which affect manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity. Then the article designs the scientific manufacturing enterprise independent research and development capacity evaluation index system. The index system combines a set of core factors and support factors which layer down into23secondary indexes. Core factors are the independent innovation resources into ability, independent innovation management ability, independent innovation output ability, independent innovation marketing ability and independent innovation ability of environmental protection. Support factors are system and government environment, market and legal environment, education and research and development of environment.
(2) Based on building the manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity evaluation index system, the article comprehensively evaluate manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity using a system assessment of modified principal-component analysis combination of expert opinion. Firstly, this article assigns the fuzzy interval evaluation with expert survey method, and then obtains the weight of each evaluation through the frequency distribution analysis. Secondly, we use the principal component method and AHP to analyze the weighted valuation. The evaluation index method not only avoids the omission of the index or reduced, and fully absorbs the data information to improve the decision-making.
(3) Using the system assessment of modified principal component analysis combination of expert opinion, the article analyzes seven of China's manufacturing industry R&D capabilities in the "Eleventh Five-Year" period, identifies the main influencing factors, and points out independent research and development capacity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises mainly exist lacking innovative resources, inefficient technology transfer, weak innovation and environmental protection and IPR protection, and so on..
(4) The article puts forward countermeasures of ascension manufacturing enterprise independent research and development capacity from four perspectives. There are playing the key role of government guidance, playing the main body status of enterprises for independent innovation, playing institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions support function and promoting the active participation of the buyers and suppliers to promote the enterprise research and development ability.
(5) According to the theory, method and combining with the investigation data, in order to ensure the objectivity of evaluation results, the article selects two independent research and development capabilities of manufacturing enterprises for empirical evaluation, which respectively are Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Group of the shipbuilding industry and the bearing industry and propose countermeasures.
The research work in the dissertation have solved the evaluation of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development ability, and provide a broader space for rich enterprises independent innovation ability and development of comprehensive evaluation theory and method, and exploration the strategy of promoting Chinese manufacturing independent research and development capacity.
论文在全球大力推行知识产权战略、我国积极承接国外产业转移发展趋势的需要以及企业自主创新能力是国家自主创新能力的大背景下,通过定量与定性分析相结合的方法深入研究了制造企业自主研发能力的评价。在研究过程中,一方面运用结合专家意见修正的主成分系统评估法,综合评价制造业自主研发能力；另一方面运用案例分析的方法,研究了制造企业自主研发能力提升的对策。论文主要研究内容和创新性成果如下：
(1)自主创新的过程性决定了创新主体必须要充分利用创新环节的不同能力,才能保证取得创新成果。因此,论文首先通过分析制造企业自主创新的内外影响因素,然后从中提炼出影响制造企业自主研发能力的核心要素和支撑要素,研究设计了一套核心要素由自主创新资源投入能力、自主创新管理能力、自主创新产出能力、自主创新营销能力和自主创新环保能力组成：支撑因素由制度与政府环境、市场与法制环境和教育与研发环境组成,指标层将主因素层分解成23个二级指标的科学合理的制造企业自主研发能力评价指标体系。
(2)论文在制造企业自主研发能力评价指标体系建立的基础上,运用结合专家意见修正的主成分系统评估法综合评价制造业自主研发能力。首先选用专家调查咨询法对评价指标的重要性进行区间模糊赋值,分析专家评价的概率分布,据此获得专家评价指标的权重,利用这个权重修正评价对象的指标值和数据本身存在的差异；然后再运用主成分分析法与层次分析法相结合的方法进行评估。这两种方法的结合使得在运用主成分分析法与层次分析法评估之前,充分考虑了专家的意见,不仅可以避免遗漏或减弱评价指标,同时又能够充分获取数据信息,整体上提高了评价结果的客观性。
(3)论文运用结合专家意见修正的主成分分析系统评估法对“十一五”期间我国制造业7个行业自主研发能力进行了评价分析。找出了影响我国制造业自主研发能力的主要因素,并扼要指出目前我国制造企业自主研发能力方面主要存在创新资源投入不足、技术转移效率不高、创新环保能力较弱和知识产权保护力度不大等问题。
(4)论文从政府、企业、供应商和顾客四个方面提出了提升我国制造企业自主研发能力的对策建议。分别是发挥政府引导的关键作用,优化制造企业研发管理环境；确立企业自主创新的主体地位,提升制造企业创新产出能力：强化与高等院校及科研院所的协同创新,提升制造企业创新投入及管理能力；强化与顾客和供应商的协同创新,提升制造企业无形资产的获取能力.
(5)论文依据前述理论、方法并结合调查获得的数据资料,为确保评价结果的客观性,选取了两家制造企业的自主研发能力进行评价,分别是船舶行业的大连船舶重工集团和轴承行业;并提出了相应的自主研发能力提升对策.
论文的研究成果在一定程度上解决了制造企业自主研发能力评价的问题,对丰富企业自主创新能力理论及发展综合评价理论与方法,以及探索促进中国制造业自主研发能力提升的战略提供了更加广阔的拓展空间.
The ascension of Research and development ability is the root of the made in China. Only designing product/service meets the customer's needs, the ascension of brand management and marketing can last forever. Evaluating independent research and development capacity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises correctly, we need to construct a scientific index system, which not only provide a good foundation for objective evaluating the degree of manufacturing industry development, but also put forward the objective requirements for the direction of Chinese manufacturing. It should focus on economic benefit and more attention to economic efficiency, science and technology innovation ability and the coordinated development of resources and environment ability. It has been widely concerned that how to do the technology innovation activities in the business enterprises. But independent research and development capacity evaluation research on manufacturing enterprise has not been paid enough attention. Therefore, the article limit the main research scope of independent innovation, namely constructing evaluation index system of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity. So that we can link the current hot with previous theory. Based on the achievement of the current research, we have proposed own view and cited the typical cases, which provide the deeper analysis for the theory research and more convincing.
Based on the global vigorously carry out the strategy of intellectual property rights, China actively undertake foreign industrial transfer the development trend of the need and enterprises independent innovation ability is the national independent innovation ability in the backdrop, manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity evaluation is deeply studied using a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods. On one hand, we set up enterprise independent research and development capacity index synthetic evaluation model for the comprehensive evaluation of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity based on a system assessment of modified principal component analysis combination of expert opinion.On the other hand, we evaluate the manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity using case analysis method. This article mainly the research content and innovative results are as follows:
(1)The innovation process determines that the innovative subjects must take full advantage of the innovative aspects of the different abilities in order to ensure to achieve innovation. Therefore, through analyzing internal and external factors of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity, the article acquires the core elements and support elements which affect manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity. Then the article designs the scientific manufacturing enterprise independent research and development capacity evaluation index system. The index system combines a set of core factors and support factors which layer down into23secondary indexes. Core factors are the independent innovation resources into ability, independent innovation management ability, independent innovation output ability, independent innovation marketing ability and independent innovation ability of environmental protection. Support factors are system and government environment, market and legal environment, education and research and development of environment.
(2) Based on building the manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity evaluation index system, the article comprehensively evaluate manufacturing enterprises independent research and development capacity using a system assessment of modified principal-component analysis combination of expert opinion. Firstly, this article assigns the fuzzy interval evaluation with expert survey method, and then obtains the weight of each evaluation through the frequency distribution analysis. Secondly, we use the principal component method and AHP to analyze the weighted valuation. The evaluation index method not only avoids the omission of the index or reduced, and fully absorbs the data information to improve the decision-making.
(3) Using the system assessment of modified principal component analysis combination of expert opinion, the article analyzes seven of China's manufacturing industry R&D capabilities in the "Eleventh Five-Year" period, identifies the main influencing factors, and points out independent research and development capacity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises mainly exist lacking innovative resources, inefficient technology transfer, weak innovation and environmental protection and IPR protection, and so on..
(4) The article puts forward countermeasures of ascension manufacturing enterprise independent research and development capacity from four perspectives. There are playing the key role of government guidance, playing the main body status of enterprises for independent innovation, playing institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions support function and promoting the active participation of the buyers and suppliers to promote the enterprise research and development ability.
(5) According to the theory, method and combining with the investigation data, in order to ensure the objectivity of evaluation results, the article selects two independent research and development capabilities of manufacturing enterprises for empirical evaluation, which respectively are Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Group of the shipbuilding industry and the bearing industry and propose countermeasures.
The research work in the dissertation have solved the evaluation of manufacturing enterprises independent research and development ability, and provide a broader space for rich enterprises independent innovation ability and development of comprehensive evaluation theory and method, and exploration the strategy of promoting Chinese manufacturing independent research and development capacity.
引文
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